Peb txhua tus tau hnov txog ntau hom tshuaj rau ntau yam kab mob sib txawv, puas yog? Hnub no peb yuav tham txog ib pawg tshuaj sib txawv me ntsis. Cov no hu ua 'Protease Inhibitors'. Tej zaum koj yuav tsis tau hnov txog lub npe no, tab sis hom tshuaj no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj cov kab mob loj xws li HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis C, thiab COVID-19. Yog li cia peb saib seb cov no yog dab tsi, lawv ua haujlwm li cas, thiab yam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koj yuav tsum paub txog lawv yog dab tsi.
Hauv lwm lo lus, cov tshuaj protease inhibitors no yog dab tsi?
Hais yooj yim xwb, cov tshuaj protease inhibitors yog ib hom tshuaj uas siv los kho cov kab mob viral . Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tiv thaiv tus kab mob kom tsis txhob ua daim qauv ntawm nws tus kheej thaum nws nkag mus rau hauv peb lub cev, uas txhais tau tias nws tsis tuaj yeem kis mus ntxiv. Cov tshuaj no feem ntau 'thaiv' tus kab mob kom tsis txhob kis mus.
Cov tshuaj no feem ntau hu ua tshuaj antiretroviral siv los tswj HIV/AIDS. Nws kuj tseem siv los kho tus kab mob siab C thiab COVID-19.
Qee zaum cov tshuaj protease inhibitors no tsuas yog muab rau ib leeg xwb (monotherapy). Tab sis feem ntau, lawv muab ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Qhov no yog ua kom kev kho mob zoo dua. Hauv qhov no, lawv kuj hu ua "booster".
Cov tshuaj no kho cov mob tseem ceeb li cas?
Muaj ib pawg tshuaj hu ua protease inhibitors uas tau pom zoo siv los kho ob peb yam kab mob sib kis. Cia peb saib seb lawv yog dab tsi.
| Mob nkeeg | Yuav siv li cas |
|---|---|
| Kab mob HIV/AIDS | Thaum kho tus kab mob HIV, cov kws kho mob muab cov tshuaj no ib leeg xwb los yog muab ua "cocktail" nrog rau ntau lwm yam tshuaj. Kev kho mob ua ke no hu ua antiretroviral therapy (ART) . Qee zaum lawv kuj siv los tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob tom qab raug tus kab mob (post-exposure prophylaxis). |
| Kab mob siab C | Cov tshuaj protease inhibitors yog siv ua ib feem ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob kom kho tau tus kab mob siab C tag nrho. |
| COVID 19 | Cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom siv ob hom tshuaj protease inhibitors (piv txwv li Paxlovid®) ua ke los txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob hnyav uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis tus kab mob COVID-19. |
Cov tshuaj no ua haujlwm li cas?
Yuav kom nkag siab qhov no, cia peb muab ib qho piv txwv me me. Xav txog tias tus kab mob yog ib lub Hoobkas uas ua cov saw ntev ntawm cov protein. Yuav kom siv cov saw ntev no rau kev ua haujlwm, nws yuav tsum tau txiav ua tej daim me me, ua haujlwm tau zoo. Cov 'txiav' tshwj xeeb uas tus kab mob siv rau qhov kev txiav no yog cov enzymes hu ua 'proteases' .
Yog li, yam uas ib pawg tshuaj hu ua 'Protease Inhibitors' ua yog nres qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov 'txiav'. Nws zoo li ua kom txiab tsis muaj zog. Tom qab ntawd tus kab mob tsis tuaj yeem txiav cov protein uas nws xav tau. Yog li ntawd, tus kab mob tsis tuaj yeem ua cov ntawv theej tshiab ntawm nws tus kheej thiab kis rau peb cov hlwb.
Cov hom tshuaj protease inhibitors yog dab tsi?
Vim tias txhua tus kab mob muaj nws tus kheej cov enzyme protease, ntau hom tshuaj protease inhibitors siv los kho HIV, kab mob siab C, thiab COVID-19. Kuj tseem muaj ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim los txheeb xyuas lawv.
- Cov npe ntawm cov tshuaj siv los kho tus kab mob HIV feem ntau xaus rau hauv "-navir" .
- Cov npe ntawm cov tshuaj siv rau kab mob siab C feem ntau xaus rau hauv "-previr" .
Cov tshuaj protease inhibitors rau HIV
Cov no thaiv cov protease enzyme hu ua HIV-PR, uas tus kab mob HIV siv los ua cov ntawv theej ntawm nws tus kheej.
- Atazanavir
- Darunavir
- Fosamprenavir tshuaj
- Indinavir
- Lopinavir
- Nelfinavir
- Ritonavir
- Saquinavir
- Tipranavir
Cov tshuaj protease inhibitors rau kab mob siab C
Cov no thaiv ib qho enzyme hu ua NS3/4A serine protease, uas tus kab mob hepatitis C siv los ua cov ntawv theej ntawm nws tus kheej.
- Boceprevir
- Glecaprevir
- Grazoprevir
- Paritaprevir
- Simeprevir tshuaj
- Telaprevir
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv protease rau COVID-19
Paxlovid® yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob hom tshuaj protease inhibitors, nirmatrelvir thiab ritonavir, siv los kho COVID-19.
Kuv yuav xaiv cov tshuaj zoo li cas rau kuv?
Tam sim no tej zaum koj yuav xav paub tias cov tshuaj no ua tau dab tsi rau kuv.Tsuas yog koj tus kws kho mob thiaj li txiav txim siab tau. Nws yuav xav txog ntau yam thaum xaiv cov tshuaj uas haum rau koj tshaj plaws.
- Koj muaj tus kab mob tshwj xeeb dab tsi?
- Koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho thiab lwm yam mob uas koj muaj (piv txwv li ntshav qab zib, kab mob plawv).
- Koj tab tom noj lwm yam tshuaj dab tsi (vim tias tej zaum yuav muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov no).
- Koj puas tau noj lwm yam tshuaj rau qhov mob no ua ntej lawm?
- Qhov kev vam meej ntawm cov tshuaj nyob ntawm seb koj muaj hom kab mob dab tsi.
- Txog tej yam kev mob tshwm sim los yog teeb meem uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj no.
Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum piav qhia meej txog txhua yam tshuaj uas koj noj thiab lwm yam mob uas koj muaj thaum koj mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob. Qhov no tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim loj.
Cov tshuaj no muaj cov kev mob tshwm sim thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo li cas?
Ib yam li lwm yam tshuaj, cov tshuaj protease inhibitors muaj ob qho txiaj ntsig thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim.
Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb
- Ua ib feem ntawm kev kho mob ART rau ib tus neeg uas muaj tus kab mob HIV, nws pab kom tus kab mob HIV nyob hauv lub cev kom tsis txhob pom.
- Pab kho tus kab mob siab C.
- Pab tiv thaiv kom tus kab mob COVID-19 tsis txhob loj hlob tuaj.
Tej zaum yuav muaj tej yam tshwm sim tsis zoo
Cov kev mob tshwm sim nyob ntawm seb koj noj tshuaj dab tsi, lwm yam tshuaj uas koj noj, thiab koj tus mob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham txog qhov no thiab paub txog tej yam tshiab.
| Hom kev phiv tshuaj | Piv txwv |
|---|---|
| Cov kev mob tshwm sim uas pom ntau zaus | |
| Cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim ntau zaus | Mob plab, xeev siab thiab ntuav, raws plab |
| Mob pob khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij | |
| Hnoos, qaug zog, saj txawv txawv hauv qhov ncauj | |
| Pob zeb hauv lub raum | |
| Kev hloov pauv ntawm kev faib cov rog hauv lub cev (lipodystrophy) | |
| Cov kev mob tshwm sim loj heev uas yuav tsum tau kev saib xyuas tam sim ntawd | |
| Cov teeb meem loj heev | Kev puas tsuaj rau daim siab, kev los ntshav sab hauv |
| Kab mob tawv nqaij hnyav nrog rau mob thiab ua pob liab liab (Stevens-Johnson syndrome) | |
| Cov ntshav qab zib ntau (hyperglycemia), cov roj cholesterol ntau (hyperlipidemia) | |
| Mob plawv nres (myocardial infarction), teeb meem nrog lub plawv lub zog hluav taws xob | |
Kuv ua tau dab tsi los pab kom kev kho mob yooj yim dua?
Thaum koj tab tom kho qhov teeb meem no, muaj ntau yam uas koj ua tau los txo qee qhov kev mob tshwm sim thiab ua kom kev kho mob yooj yim dua.
- Noj koj cov tshuaj raws li koj tus kws kho mob tau hais, raws sijhawm, thiab raws li qhov ntau npaum li cas. Tsis txhob hla ib zaug xwb.
- Haus dej ntau ntau. Qhov no yuav txo tau qhov cuam tshuam rau lub raum.
- Tsis txhob noj lwm yam tshuaj uas yuav cuam tshuam nrog koj cov tshuaj. Nug koj tus kws kho mob txog qhov no.
- Muaj tej tshuaj ua haujlwm zoo dua thaum noj nrog zaub mov . Ib txhia xav tau cov zaub mov uas muaj roj ntau. Nug koj tus kws kho mob seb yuav noj koj cov tshuaj li cas thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawd.
Kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob thaum twg?
Yog tias koj ntsib tej yam tshwm sim tsis tau xav txog thaum lub sijhawm kho mob lossis muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev kho mob, hu rau koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.
Tshwj xeeb, yog tias koj ntsib ib qho ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim hnyav hauv qab no, nrhiav kev pab kho mob tam sim ntawd yam tsis muaj kev ncua lossis mus rau chav kho mob ceev (ETU) ze tshaj plaws.
- Ua npaws
- Kev tsis meej pem lossis kev hloov pauv ntawm lub hlwb
- Tawv nqaij lossis qhov muag daj (jaundice)
- Mob pob khaus, mob heev, lossis dav dav
- Mob plab heev
- ntuav hnyav heev
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Cov tshuaj protease inhibitors yog ib hom tshuaj muaj zog heev uas siv los kho cov kab mob xws li HIV, kab mob siab C, thiab COVID-19.
- Qhov no tiv thaiv tus kab mob kom tsis txhob loj hlob (ua cov ntawv theej) hauv lub cev.
- Cov tshuaj no tsuas yog yuav tsum tau noj raws li kws kho mob qhia xwb . Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum ua raws li qhov ntau npaum li cas thiab lub sijhawm uas tus kws kho mob pom zoo.
- Tej zaum yuav muaj tej yam tshwm sim tsis zoo, xws li me ntsis tsis xis nyob mus txog rau tej yam teeb meem loj. Yog tias koj muaj tej yam tsos mob loj, mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.
- Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tsum noj tshuaj lossis hloov qhov ntau npaum li cas yam tsis tau kev qhia los ntawm kws kho mob rau txhua qhov laj thawj.
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Ntxiv koj cov lus