Ka tuyige buli kimu ku Pituitary Gland: aka "boss" akatono ak'omubiri gwo!

Wali olowoozezzaako nti akatundu akatono akali mu mubiri gwo, okufaananako yingini y’emmotoka, kafuga omubiri gwo gwonna? Tekyewuunyisa? Akawuka kano akatono ennyo, akatono ng’entangawuuzi, akasangibwa wansi w’obwongo bwaffe, akakola ebintu bingi ebyewuunyisa, kayitibwa akawuka ka pituitary . Ka twogere ku ‘boss’ ono omuto mu bujjuvu leero, nedda?

Ensigo y’omubiri (pituitary gland) kye ki? Kisangibwa wa?

Mu ngeri ennyangu, endwadde yo ey’omu lubuto (pituitary gland) nnywanto ntono eringa entangawuuzi, esangibwa wansi w’obwongo bwo, wansi ddala w’ekitundu ekirala ekikulu ekiyitibwa hypothalamus . Kisangibwa mu kisenge ekitono ekikuumibwa wansi w’obwongo bwo. Ekisenge kino tukiyita Sella Turcica . Kino kitundu ku nkola yo ey'endwadde z'omu lubuto . Kikola ebika by’obusimu ebiwerako ebyetaagisa mu mibiri gyaffe, era kigamba endwadde endala ezikola ku mubiri (endocrine glands) okufulumya obusimu buno. Kitono naye kikola omulimu munene, nedda?

Kati osanga weebuuza nti endwadde kye ki era obusimu kye ki.

Ensigo (Gland) kye kitundu ekikola ekintu ekimu oba ebisingawo, gamba ng’obusimu, omubisi gw’okugaaya emmere, entuuyo n’amaziga. Endwadde z’omubiri (endocrine glands) zifulumya obusimu butereevu mu musaayi.

Obusimu bulinga ababaka ba kemiko abakwasaganya emirimu gy’emibiri gyaffe. Zitambula mu musaayi ne zitwala obubaka eri ebitundu by’omubiri, olususu, ebinywa n’ebitundu ebirala. Obubaka buno butegeeza omubiri eky’okukola ne ddi lwe gulina okukikola.

Ensigo yo eya pituitary egabanyizibwamu ebitundu bibiri ebikulu: enseke ey’omu maaso ( front lobe) n’ey’emabega ( back lobe). Ensigo eno eyungibwa ku hypothalamus n'akakolo akatono ak'emisuwa n'obusimu akayitibwa pituitary stalk oba infundibulum .

Busimu ki obukulu obukolebwa enseke z’omubiri (pituitary gland)?

Kati ka tulabe obusimu obukulu obuva mu nseke eno entono.

Obusimu obuva mu kitundu ekiyitibwa Anterior Lobe

Ekitundu kino kikola era ne kifulumya obusimu bungi obukulu mu musaayi.

• Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) oba corticotrophin: Kino kikosa engeri emibiri gyaffe gye gikwatamu situleesi . Kisitula endwadde zo ez'omu kibumba okukola "obusimu bwa situleesi" obuyitibwa cortisol . Cortisol alina emirimu mingi. Okugeza, efuga enkyukakyuka mu mubiri , ekuuma puleesa , efuga emiwendo gya glucose mu musaayi , era ekendeeza ku kuzimba .
• Obusimu obusitula enseke (FSH):Bw’oba ​​musajja, FSH eyamba okukola ensigo. Bw’oba ​​mukyala, FSH esitula enkwaso okukola estrogen , era nga kino kiyamba amagi okukula. Era eyitibwa obusimu obuyitibwa gonadotrophic hormone .
• Growth hormone (GH): Kino kiyamba abaana okukula, ekitegeeza nti bakula. Mu bantu abakulu, kiyamba okukuuma ebinywa n’amagumba nga biramu n’okufuga okutereka amasavu. GH era ekosa omubiri gwo (engeri gy’okyusaamu emmere gy’olya n’efuuka amaanyi).
• Luteinizing hormone (LH): Eyamba okufulumya enkwaso singa oba olina enkwaso, ate eyamba okukola obusimu bw’omubiri bw’oba ​​olina ensigo. LH era busimu bwa gonadotrophic hormone kubanga bufuga enkola y’enkwaso n’ensigo (era eziyitibwa gonads ).
• Prolactin: Kino kisitula okuyonsa oluvannyuma lw’okuzaala. Era kiyinza okukosa okuzaala n’enkola y’okwegatta mu bantu abakulu.
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): TSH esitula enseke yo okukola obusimu bwa thyroid, obuyamba okuddukanya enkola y’omubiri gwo, amaanyi go, n’obusimu .

Obusimu obuva mu kitundu ekiyitibwa Posterior Lobe

Ekitundu kino tekikola busimu, wabula obusimu bubiri obukolebwa hypothalamus buterekebwa wano ne bufulumizibwa mu musaayi nga bwe kyetaagisa.

• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) oba vasopressin: Obusimu buno butebenkeza obungi bw’amazzi ne sodium mu mubiri gwo.
• Oxytocin: Oxytocin ekolebwa hypothalamus era n’aterekebwa n’okufulumizibwa enseke y’omubiri (pituitary gland). Kiyamba okwanguyiza okuzaala nga kiweereza obubonero mu nnabaana okukonziba ng’azaala. Era kiyamba okuleeta amata okuggwaamu amaanyi n’okutumbula enkolagana wakati w’abazadde n’abalongo. Oxytocin nayo ekola kinene mu kutambula kw’ensigo.

Mirimu ki emikulu egy’endwadde z’omubiri (pituitary gland)?

Oboolyawo kati otegedde engeri akawuka kano akatono gye kakulu. Bino bye bimu ku mirimu gyayo emikulu:

• Okukula
• Metabolism (kwe kugamba, engeri gy’okyusaamu emmere gy’olya okugifuula amaanyi n’okuddukanya amaanyi ago) .
• Okuzaala
• Okuddamu situleesi oba obulabe ku mubiri
• Okuyonsa
• Bbalansi y’amazzi ne sodium (omunnyo).
• Okuzaala n’okuzaala

Teeberezaamu ekyuma ekiziyiza ebbugumu mu maka go.Kiringa ekimu. Ekiziyiza ebbugumu buli kiseera erondoola ebbugumu mu maka go era kikola okukukuuma nga weeyagaza, nedda? Eweereza obubaka ku hhuta ne cooler okwongera oba okukendeeza ku bbugumu n’omuwendo guno, okukuuma ebbugumu mu maka go ku ddaala erigere.

Ensigo yo ey’omubiri (pituitary gland) eringa ggwe, ng’erondoola emirimu gy’omubiri gwo. Endwadde ya pituitary eweereza obubaka eri ebitundu byo n’endwadde zo ng’eyita mu busimu bwayo, ng’egamba nti, ‘Bino by’olina okukola, mu kiseera kino.’ Ensengeka ki ezituukira ddala ku mubiri gwo kisinziira ku bintu bingi, gamba ng’emyaka gyo n’ekikula kyo.

Enkolagana ki eriwo wakati wa hypothalamus ne pituitary gland?

Ensigo yo eya pituitary ne hypothalamus bikolagana ne bikola ekitundu ekiyitibwa Hypothalamus-Pituitary complex . Kino kiringa ekifo ekikulu ekifuga obwongo bwo, ekifuga emirimu gy’omubiri gwo egisinga obukulu.

Hypothalamus kye kitundu ky’obwongo bwo ekivunaanyizibwa ku bimu ku mirimu gy’omubiri emikulu. Kiweereza obubaka eri obusimu bwo obuyitibwa autonomic nervous system , obufuga ebintu nga puleesa, okukuba kw’omutima, n’okussa. Era egamba enseke z’omubiri (pituitary gland) okukola n’okufulumya obusimu obukwata ebitundu by’omubiri ebirala.

Nga bwe twagambye edda, enseke y’omubiri (pituitary gland) eyungibwa ku hypothalamus olw’ekikolo ky’ennywanto . Okuyita mu kikolo kino, hypothalamus w’ewuliziganya n’endwadde y’omu lubuto ey’omu maaso ng’eyita mu busimu ate n’ennywanto ey’emabega ng’eyita mu busimu obuyitibwa nerve impulses. Oxytocin ne antidiuretic hormone nazo zikolebwa hypothalamus. Hypothalamus y’evunaanyizibwa ku kutereka n’okufulumya obusimu buno mu nseke y’emabega.

Hypothalamus ewuliziganya n’endwadde ya pituitary era n’esitula, n’ekola obusimu nga:

• Obusimu obufulumya obusimu obuyitibwa corticotrophin (CRH) .
• Ekirungo kya Dopamine
• Obusimu obufulumya gonadotropin (GnRH) .
• Obusimu obufulumya obusimu bw’okukula (GHRH) .
• Eddagala lya Somatostatin
• Obusimu obufulumya thyrotropin (TRH) .

Olw’okuba bino ebibiri (hypothalamus ne pituitary) bikolagana nnyo, singa ekimu kyonoonese, kiyinza n’okukosa enkola y’obusimu bwa munne.

Kisoboka okubeera nga tolina nseke ya pituitary?

Yee, osobola okubeera nga tolina nseke yo, naye okukikola, ojja kuba olina okumira eddagala eriyitibwa replacement therapy okudda mu kifo ky’obusimu bw’omubiri obubulamu. Kubanga obusimu obuyitibwa pituitary hormones bwetaagisa nnyo okukuuma emirimu egy’enjawulo mu mubiri. Singa obusimu bwonna obuyitibwa pituitary hormones buba buweddewo ne bulekebwa nga tebujjanjabiddwa, kiyinza okutta omuntu.

Endwadde ki ezikwata enseke z’omubiri (pituitary gland)?

Waliwo embeera z’obujjanjabi eziwerako ezikosa oba ezireetebwa enkola y’endwadde z’omubiri (pituitary gland). Bino bisobola okwawulwamu ebika bina ebikulu:

• Obulwadde bwa pituitary adenomas
• Obulwadde bwa Hypopituitarism
• Obulwadde bwa hyperpituitarism
• Obulwadde bwa empty sella syndrome

Ka twogere ku buli kimu ku bino mu bujjuvu katono.

Obulwadde bwa Pituitary Adenomas

Kino kika kya kizimba ekitali kya bulabe ekikula mu nseke z’omubiri (pituitary gland). Pituitary adenomas zikola ebitundu nga 10% ku 15% ku bizimba byonna ebikula munda mu bwongo.

Bino bitera okukula nga binene nnyo. Kyokka singa zifuuka ennene nnyo, zisobola okuleeta obubonero nga zinyiga ku bintu ebiriraanyewo. Oluusi zisobola okunyigiriza ku busimu bw’amaaso, ne zireeta obuzibu mu kulaba (nga okufiirwa okulaba okw’okumpi). Si bulijjo nnyo, adenomas ennene mu pituitary zisobola okuvaamu omusaayi.

Ebimu ku bitundu by’omubiri ebiyitibwa pituitary adenomas bikola obusimu obuyitibwa pituitary hormone obuyitiridde. Zino ziyitibwa ``Functioning/Secreting`` adenomas . Ebimu tebikola busimu bwonna. Zino ziyitibwa ``Non-functioning`` adenomas .

Waliwo ebika bya adenomas ezikola ebiwerako, okusinziira ku busimu bwe zikola. Adenoma ekola ennyo ye prolactinoma . Kino kivaamu ekirungo kya prolactin ekisusse. Prolactinomas zitera okujjanjabibwa n’eddagala.

Ebizimba by’omu lubuto ebinene ennyo era/oba ebivaamu obusimu byetaaga okujjanjabibwa, ebiseera ebisinga okulongoosebwa .

Obulwadde bwa Hypopituitarism

Eno mbeera ng’endwadde yo ey’omu lubuto (pituitary gland) ekola kitono nnyo ku busimu bumu, obuwerako oba bwonna bwe bukola.

Ebiseera ebisinga, obutaba na busimu bumu bwe bulabibwa. Obutabeera na busimu bubiri oba okusingawo mu pituitary kiyitibwa panhypopituitarism . Kino kitera okubaawo oluvannyuma lw'okulongoosebwa enseke oba oluvannyuma lw'okuweebwa obusannyalazo ku bwongo .

Ekisinga okuvaako obulwadde bwa hypopituitarism kwe kwonooneka kw’ennywanto oba hypothalamus.

Waliwo endwadde eziwerako ezenjawulo ezikwatagana n’embeera eno:

• Obutabeera na busimu bw’okukula: Kino kibaawo ng’endwadde z’omu lubuto (pituitary gland) tekola busimu obukula (GH) bumala. Mu baana, okukula n’okukula biba bikosebwa, era n’okutuuka mu myaka gy’obuvubuka kulwawo. Mu bantu abakulu, obuzibu mu nkyukakyuka y’emmere bubaawo.
• Ssukaali ow’omu makkati insipidus:Kino kibaawo ng’endwadde z’omu lubuto (pituitary gland) tekola busimu bumala kuziyiza musulo (ADH). Kino kireetera omubiri okufulumya omusulo omungi ne gulemererwa okusigaza amazzi.
• Central hypogonadism: Kino kibaawo ng’endwadde z’omu lubuto (pituitary gland) tekola busimu obukola luteinizing hormone (LH) ne follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) bumala. Kino kireeta obuzibu mu nkola y’okwegatta, enkula n’okuzaala.
• Central adrenal insufficiency: Kino kibaawo ng’endwadde ya pituitary gland tekola ACTH emala. Kino kireetera omubiri obutasobola kukola ‘cortisol’.
• Central hypothyroidism: Kino kibaawo ng’endwadde z’omubiri (pituitary gland) tekola busimu bumala ku thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), ekivaako obusimu bwa thyroid okubeera wansi.

Obulwadde bwa Hypopituitarism bujjanjabwa nga bawa obusimu obubula ebweru n’okulondoola emiwendo egyo nga bayita mu kukebera omusaayi.

Obulwadde bwa hyperpituitarism

Eno mbeera ng’endwadde yo ey’omubiri (pituitary gland) ekola obusimu bumu oba obusingawo obuyitiridde. Kino nakyo kitera okuva ku pituitary adenoma ekola (ekizimba ekitali kya kookolo).

Waliwo endwadde eziwerako ezenjawulo ezikwatagana n’embeera eno:

• Acromegaly: Kino kibaawo ng’endwadde z’omubiri (pituitary gland) zikola obusimu obuyitibwa growth hormone (GH) obuyitiridde ng’omuntu akuze. Kino kireeta okugaziwa kw’ebitundu by’omubiri ebimu, gamba ng’emikono, ebigere, ne/oba ebitundu by’omubiri eby’omunda, n’obuzibu mu nkyukakyuka y’emmere.
• Gigantism: Kino kibaawo ng’endwadde z’omu lubuto (pituitary gland) zikola obusimu obuyitibwa growth hormone (GH) obuyitiridde mu buto oba mu myaka gy’obutiini. Kino kireeta okukula amangu n’obuwanvu obusukkiridde.
• Obulwadde bwa Cushing: Buno bubaawo ng’endwadde z’omu lubuto (pituitary gland) zikola ACTH mungi (ekireetera endwadde z’omu lubuto okukola cortisol nnyingi). Kino kiyinza okuvaako omugejjo ogw’amangu mu bitundu ebimu eby’omubiri, ssukaali omungi mu musaayi, era kiyinza n’okuviirako omuntu okufuna ssukaali ow’ekika eky’okubiri .
• Hyperprolactinemia: Kino kibaawo ng’endwadde z’omubiri (pituitary gland) zikola ekirungo kya prolactin ekisusse. Kino kiyinza okuvaako okukendeera kw’obuzaale n’okufulumya amazzi ng’amata okuva mu nfuli (galactorrhea) .

Obulwadde bwa Empty Sella Syndrome

Obulwadde bwa Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) bulwadde obutatera kulabika. Kibaawo ng’endwadde ya pituitary efuuse empanvu oba ekendedde olw’obuzibu obuva ku nsengeka y’amagumba egyetoolodde n’okugikuuma, eyitibwa Sella Turcica . Sella Turcica kisenge ekiringa amatandiiko. Kiva mu kigambo ky'Olulattini ekitegeeza "entebe y'Olutuluuki."

Empty cell kwe kuzuula obulwadde mu ngeri ya radiographic.Ebiseera ebisinga, eno tefuuka mbeera ya bujjanjabi ddala, era ezuulibwa mu butanwa mu kiseera kya sikaani.

Mu mbeera ezimu, ESS esobola okuleeta obubonero ng’obutakwatagana mu busimu, okulumwa omutwe emirundi mingi, n’okukyuka mu kulaba. Kyokka singa obusimu bw’omubiri obuyitibwa pituitary hormone buba mu bbanga erya bulijjo, tekiba kya kweraliikirira.

Bubonero ki obubaawo singa wabaawo obuzibu ku nseke z’omubiri (pituitary gland)?

Ebizimba ebinene ebiyitibwa pituitary adenomas (bino bizimba ebitali bya kookolo) bisobola okusika oba okwonoona ebitundu ebiriraanyewo. Kino kiyinza okuleeta obubonero nga:

• Ebizibu by‟okulaba (nga okufiirwa okulaba okw‟okumpi) .
• Okulumizibwa omutwe
• Obutakwatagana mu busimu obuva ku busimu bw’omubiri (pituitary hormones) okweyongera oba okukendeera

Obutakwatagana mu busimu bw’omubiri (pituitary hormone) buyinza okuleeta obubonero obw’enjawulo okusinziira ku busimu obukoseddwa. Ebimu ku byokulabirako mulimu:

• Okukula mpola oba okukula ennyo mu baana
• Okukendeera kw’obuzaale mu bakyala n’abasajja (Infertility) .
• Okugenda mu nsonga ezitali za bulijjo
• Okweyongera oba okugejja awatali nsonga
• Okwennyamira ne/oba Okweraliikirira

Bw’oba ​​olina obubonero bwonna obupya, obutasalako, mazima ddala kikulu okwogera n’omusawo wo. Basobola okukola ebintu ng’okukebera omusaayi mu ngeri ennyangu okuzuula oba obubonero bwo buva ku nsonga y’obusimu oba ekintu ekirala.

Ani gwe tusaanidde okubuulira ku kizibu nga kino?

Ebizibu by'endwadde z'omu lubuto bitera okujjanjabibwa abakugu mu by'endwadde z'omu lubuto .

Omusawo w’endwadde z’omu lubuto (endocrinologist) musawo mukugu mu ndwadde ezikwata ku busimu. Asobola okuzuula endwadde z’endocrine (hormonal), okukola enteekateeka z’obujjanjabi n’okuziddukanya, n’okumuwa eddagala.

Bw’oba ​​olina ekizibu ky’endwadde z’omubiri (pituitary gland) , gamba ng’ekizibu ky’omubiri ekiyitibwa pituitary adenoma, ekikosa ensengekera z’obwongo era/oba nga kyetaagisa okulongoosebwa, kiyinza okwetaagisa okulaba omusawo alongoosa obusimu .

Abasawo bazuula batya obuzibu bw’endwadde z’omu lubuto?

Olw’okuba enseke yo efulumya obusimu butereevu mu musaayi gwo, abasawo batera okupima obusimu bw’omubiri (pituitary hormone) nga bayita mu kukeberebwa mu musaayi .

Singa obusimu bwo tebutera kubaawo, omusawo ayinza n’okulagira okukeberebwa ebifaananyi, gamba nga CT scan oba MRI scan, okulaba oba waliwo obuzibu ku pituitary gland. Mu budde obutuufu, MRI ey’enjawulo ey’omu nseke ekolebwa okulaba obulungi enseke n’ekikolo kyayo.

Tukuuma tutya enseke zaffe ez’omubiri (pituitary gland) nga nnungi?

Engeri esinga okukuuma enseke yo nga nnungi kwe kukuuma omutwe gwo. Obuvune ku mutwe n’obuvune ku bwongo obuva ku buvune (TBIs) .Kiyinza okwonoona endwadde yo ey’omu lubuto (pituitary gland) ekigiviirako okukola obusimu bungi oba obutono.

Bino bye bimu ku bintu by’oyinza okukola okutangira obuvune ku mutwe n’obwongo:

• Yambala omusipi buli lw’oba ​​mu mmotoka.
• Vuga bulungi.
• Yambala enkoofiira ng’ovuga obugaali, pikipiki oba ng’ozannya emizannyo egizingiramu okukwatagana.
• Kola emitendera okutangira okugwa naddala ng’oli mu bulabe bwa maanyi obw’okugwa. Kuno kw’ogatta dduyiro ayongera amaanyi n’okutebenkera, okuggyawo ebikuziyiza n’ebintu ebiseerera mu maka go, okukozesa ekintu ekikuyamba okutambula n’okukebera okulaba kwo.
• Bw’oba ​​olina abaana abato, ebifo mwe babeera n’okuzannyira bifuule bya bukuumi.

Ddi lw’osaanidde okugenda ew’omusawo ku nsonga z’ekibumba ekiyitibwa pituitary gland?

Bw’oba ​​olina obubonero bw’obulwadde bwa pituitary adenoma ne/oba obubonero bw’obusimu obutakwatagana, kikulu nnyo okwogera n’omusawo wo. Bayinza okukola ebigezo ebimu okulaba oba waliwo ekikyamu ku nnywanto yo ey’omu lubuto.

Bw’oba ​​waakafuna obuvune obw’amaanyi ku bwongo (Traumatic Brain Injury - TBI) , omusawo wo ayinza okulondoola enkola y’endwadde yo ey’omu lubuto okulaba oba ekola bulungi era oba eyonoonese olw’obuvune obwo.

Mu bufunze, bino bye bintu bye twetaaga okujjukira (Take-Home Message):

Ensigo yo eya pituitary ddala ntono, naye nga ya maanyi era efuga enkola nnyingi enkulu mu mubiri gwo gwonna! Kiba ng'akatono aka 'boss'.

Kikola obusimu obufuga ebintu bingi omuli okukula kwo, okugaaya emmere, okuzaala, n’engeri gy’okwatamu situleesi. Kale, okukuuma akawuka kano akatono nga kalamu kikulu nnyo.

• Faayo ku mutwe gwo: yambala enkoofiira, sigala nga tolina bulabe.
• Weegendereze obubonero obutali bwa bulijjo: Buulira omusawo bw’oba ​​olina omutwe ogukulukuta obutasalako, obutalaba bulungi, ng’obuzito bukyuka mu bwangu oba ng’okooye nnyo.
• Tofaayo: ebizibu by’endwadde z’omubiri ezisinga obungi birina obujjanjabi obulungi. Singa zizuulibwa nga bukyali, zisobola okuddukanyizibwa obulungi.

Kati omanyi bingi ku kitundu kino ekitono ekyewuunyisa eky’omubiri gwo. Bw’oba ​​olina ekibuuzo kyonna oba ekikweraliikiriza, tolwawo kwogera na musawo. Sigala nga oli mulamu bulungi!

` Ensigo, obusimu, obwongo, enkola y’endocrine, endwadde z’enkwaso, hypothalamus, obusimu obukula