Omusaayi gwo guli gutya? Ka tuzuule ddala ebika by’omusaayi bye biruwa!

Ffenna tulina omusaayi mu mibiri gyaffe, naye okimanyi nti omusaayi gwonna si gwe gumu? Oyinza okuba nga wali owuliddeko omuntu ng’agamba nti, ‘Omusaayi gwange guli O positive’ oba ‘He/She is B negative’. Ddala ekika ky’omusaayi kye ki? Lwaki kikulu nnyo mu biseera eby’amangu, gamba ng’olubuto? Leero, tugenda kwogera ku nsonga eno mu ngeri ennyangu gy’osobola okutegeera.

Mu ngeri ennyangu, omusaayi guno gwa kika ki?

Ekika ky’omusaayi kye kibinja ekiyamba abasawo okuzuula oba omusaayi gwo gukwatagana n’omusaayi gw’omuntu omulala. Waliwo ebika by’omusaayi ebikulu bina: A, B, AB, ne O.

Naye emboozi tekoma awo. Era bakebera oba obutoffaali bwo obumyufu bulina puloteyina endala ey’enjawulo. Kino kiyitibwa ensonga ya Rh . Singa ensonga eno eya Rh ebeera mu musaayi gwo, ekika ky’omusaayi gwo kiba kirungi (+) . Bwe kiba nga tekibaawo, kiba kibi (-) .

Bino ebibiri bwe bigattibwa awamu, ebika by’omusaayi 8 ebisinga okubeera mu ffe bitondebwawo:

• A Pozitiivu (A+) .
• A Negative (A-) .
• B Ekirungi (B+) .
• B Ekibi (B-) .
• AB ennungi (AB+) .
• AB Ekibi (AB-) .
• O ekirungi (O+) .
• O ekibi (O-) .

Okumanya ebika by’omusaayi gwo kikulu singa omuntu yeetaaga okuteekebwamu omusaayi mu bwangu. Okukwataganya ebika by’omusaayi bino nakyo kyetaagisa nnyo mu kukyusa ebitundu by’omubiri.

Ebika by’omusaayi bino bizuulibwa bitya? Antigen kye ki?

Ekika ky’omusaayi gwo kizuulibwa obubonero obumu obuli ku ngulu w’obutoffaali bwo obumyufu. Mu busawo, obubonero buno tubuyita antigens .

Mu ngeri ennyangu, antigens zino ziringa nametag ekwata ku butoffaali bwo obw’omusaayi. Erinnya lino abaserikale b’omubiri gwo lye bakozesa okuzuula oba obutoffaali buno ‘bwennyini’ oba ‘bugwira’.

Waliwo ebika bibiri ebikulu ebya antigens bye tutunuulira. Zino ze ‘A’ ne ‘B’. Enkola eno tugiyita enkola ya ABO .

Ensonga ya Rh gye twayogeddeko eddako esalibwawo oba antigen ya RhD eriwo oba nedda.

• Positive (+): Obutoffaali bwo obumyufu bulina ekirungo kya RhD antigen.
• Negative (-): Obutoffaali bwo obumyufu tebulina antigen ya RhD.

Lwaki ebika by’omusaayi byetaaga okukwatagana?

Kino kye kintu ekisinga obukulu. Teebereza omuntu afunye akabenje era ng’afiirwa omusaayi mungi. Balina okuweebwa omusaayi mu bwangu. Naye beetaaga okuweebwa ekika ky’omusaayi omubiri gwabwe gwe gunakkiriza nga ‘ogwaabwe’.

Kiki ekibaawo singa owa ekika ky’omusaayi ekitakwatagana?

Mu ngeri ennyangu, singa omusaayi ogulimu antigen gw’otomanyi (name tag) guyingira mu mubiri gwo, abaserikale b’omubiri bo balowooza nti mulabe ne batandika okululumba. Kino kya bulabe nnyo, n’okutuuka n’okutta omuntu. Eno y’ensonga lwaki okukwatagana n’ekika ky’omusaayi kikakatako ng’owaayo omusaayi.

Eno y’engeri ebika by’omusaayi gye bikwataganamu:

Omugabi wa 'Universal Donor', buli muntu mw'asobola okugaba omusaayi

Omusaayi ogw’ekika kya O negativu (O-) guyitibwa ‘universal donor’. Kino kiri bwe kityo kubanga obutoffaali obumyufu obwa O tebulina antigens nnene, gamba nga A, B, oba RhD, era busobola okuweebwa omuntu alina ekika kyonna eky’omusaayi nga tebuleese kuddamu. Mu mbeera ez’amangu, nga tewali budde kuzuula kika kya musaayi gwa mulwadde, abasawo be basinga okukozesa omusaayi gwa O-.

Omuntu ‘Universal Recipient’ asobola okufuna omusaayi okuva mu muntu yenna

Abantu abalina ekika ky’omusaayi ekya AB positive (AB+) bayitibwa ‘universal recipients’. Kino kitegeeza nti basobola okufuna omusaayi okuva mu kika ky’omusaayi kyonna. Kino kiri bwe kityo kubanga omusaayi gwabwe gulimu antigens zonna essatu, A, B, ne RhD, kale omubiri gwabwe tegulaba kika kya musaayi kyonna okuva ebweru nga ‘ekigwira’.

Ekika ky’omusaayi kikwata kitya embuto?

Kino kintu kikulu eri bamaama bangi. Okusingira ddala, singa omusaayi gwa maama guba gwa Rh negative (-) ate omusaayi gw’omwana guba gwa Rh positive (+), ebizibu ebimu biyinza okubaawo.

Teebereza nti omwana afuna obuzaale obuyitibwa Rh positive gene okuva ku taata. Olwo omusaayi gw’omwana guba gwa Rh positive. Naye maama alina Rh negative. Mu kiseera ky’olubuto n’okuzaala, omusaayi gw’omwana ogumu gusobola okutabula n’omusaayi gwa maama. Olwo omubiri gwa maama ne gutegeera obutoffaali bw’omusaayi bw’omwana obulina Rh nga ‘bugwira’ ne bubulumba.Antibodies zitandika okukolebwa.

Kino kiyinza obutaba na kinene kye kikwata ku lubuto olusooka. Wabula singa omwana addako okufumbirwa naye aba Rh positive, obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde omubiri gwa maama bwe gwakola emabegako busobola okulumba obutoffaali obumyufu obw’omwana.

Waliwo ebika by’omusaayi ebitali bimu?

Yee. Ng’oggyeeko enkola za ABO ne Rh ze twogeddeko, wayinza okubaawo antigen endala ezisoba mu 600 ku ngulu w’obutoffaali obumyufu. Waliwo enkola endala ezisoba mu 30 ez’okugabanya omusaayi nga zeesigamiziddwa ku zino.

Rh-null kye kimu ku bika by’omusaayi ebisinga obutatera kulabika mu nsi yonna. Ekika ky’omusaayi kino tekirina antigens ezikwatagana n’enkola ya Rh. Tekitera kubaawo nnyo ne kiba nti abantu abatakka wansi wa 50 mu nsi yonna be bategeezeddwa nti balina omusaayi guno. Eno y’ensonga lwaki oluusi kiyitibwa ‘omusaayi gwa zaabu’.

Omanya otya ekika ky’omusaayi gwo?

Kikulu nnyo okumanya ekika ky’omusaayi gwo. Waliwo engeri eziwerako ez’okukizuula.

• Buuza omusawo wo: Ekika ky’omusaayi gwo kiyinza okuba nga kyawandiikibwa mu lipoota z’okukeberebwa okwasooka.
• Okuwaayo omusaayi: Eno y’engeri esinga obulungi era ey’omuwendo. Bw’owaayo omusaayi, bbanka y’omusaayi ejja kukebera ekika ky’omusaayi gwo era ekuwe kaadi. Bw’okozesa osobola okumanya ekika ky’omusaayi gwo n’otaasa obulamu bw’omuntu.
• Funa okwekebeza omusawo: Osobola okusaba omusawo akuwe omusaayi n’okukeberebwa ekika ky’omusaayi.