Omanyi ku siriimu ne mukenenya? Ka twogere ku mbeera zino ez'akabi (HIV & AIDS)!

Bw’owulira ebigambo siriimu ne mukenenya, osanga owulira ng’otya katono, nedda? Wadde nga waliwo emboozi nnyingi ezikwata ku bino mu bantu, kikulu nnyo okumanya ddala kiki kye biri, engeri gye bireetebwamu, n’engeri y’okwekuumamu. Kale leero, tugenda kwogera ku bino mu bujjuvu, mu ngeri gy’osobola okutegeera.

Siriimu kye ki? (Siriimu kye ki?)

Mu ngeri ennyangu, siriimu kitegeeza Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Akawuka kano bwe kayingira mu mibiri gyaffe, kalumba abaserikale b’omubiri gwaffe. Okusingira ddala, akawuka kano akasinga okutunuulirwa bwe butoffaali bwa CD4, ekika ky’obutoffaali obweru obukuuma emibiri gyaffe okuva ku ndwadde. Akawuka ka siriimu bwe kasaanyaawo obutoffaali buno, obusobozi bw’omubiri gwaffe okuziyiza endwadde bukendeera mpolampola.

Akawuka kano aka siriimu kakola mu ngeri ey’obukuusa ennyo. Kiyingiza ebiragiro byakyo mu DNA y’obutoffaali bwaffe. Akawuka akakola emabega nga kano tumuyita retrovirus .

Kale mukenenya kye ki? (Mukenenya kye ki?)

Mukenenya kitegeeza Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome . Guno gwe mutendera ogusembayo era ogusinga okuba ogw’amaanyi ogw’okukwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu. Omuntu alina mukenenya kitegeeza nti abaserikale b’omubiri be banafuye nnyo olw’akawuka ka siriimu, era omuwendo gw’obutoffaali bwe obwa CD4 gukendedde nnyo. Kino kibaleetera okukwatibwa endwadde ez’enjawulo (opportunistic infections) n’okutuuka ku kookolo omuntu omulamu obulungi gwe tayinza kufuna mangu.

Mu budde obutuufu, singa obulwadde bwa siriimu tebujjanjabwa, busobola okukula n’afuna mukenenya mu myaka nga 10.

Njawulo ki eriwo wakati wa siriimu ne mukenenya?

Abantu bangi batabula ebibiri bino. Akawuka ka siriimu kawuka. Akawuka kano akanafuya abaserikale b’omubiri gwaffe. Mukenenya y’embeera ey’amaanyi ereetebwa okukwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu. Kye kikuŋŋaanyizo ky’endwadde ezibeerawo ng’abaserikale b’omubiri banafuye nnyo.

Ekisinga obukulu omuntu atalina kawuka ka siriimu tasobola kufuna mukenenya.

Olw’obujjanjabi obw’omulembe obw’ennaku zino, si buli muntu alina akawuka ka siriimu nti ajja kukwatibwa mukenenya. Kyokka singa tebajjanjabwa, abantu bangi abalina akawuka ka siriimu baba mu bulabe bw’okukwatibwa mukenenya.

Akawuka ka siriimu kakola ki omuntu?

Akawuka ka siriimu bwe kayingira mu mubiri gwaffe, kagenda butereevu okunoonya obutoffaali bwa CD4 (Helper T cells) mu baziyiza baffe. Olwo ne kisaanyaawo obutoffaali buno. Kino kikendeeza ku butoffaali obweru mu mubiri gwaffe. N’ekyavaamu, enkola y’omubiri gwaffe ey’okwekuuma, ebiseera ebisinga esobola okudda engulu amangu ne bwe tulwala, efuuka enafu. N’obulwadde obutonotono busobola okufuuka obw’amaanyi.

Bw’osooka okufuna akawuka ka siriimu, oyinza okufuna obubonero ng’omusujja oba ssennyiga. Olwo, akawuka kasobola okugalamira mu mubiri gwo okumala emyaka nga tekalina bubonero bwonna. Mu kiseera ekyo, mu bubbi kisaanyaawo obutoffaali bwo obwa CD4.Omuwendo gw’obutoffaali bwa CD4 bwe gukendeera nnyo, oba bw’otandika okufuna endwadde abantu abalamu ze batafuna, kiyinza okugambibwa nti okukwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu kweyongedde okutuuka ku mukenenya.

Bw’ofuna mukenenya, oyinza okutandika omulundi gumu okugejja, okuwulira ng’okooye nnyo, okufuna amabwa mu kamwa oba mu bitundu by’ekyama, okulwala omusujja, okutuuyana ekiro, n’okukyuka langi y’olususu. Ate era abantu abalina mukenenya basobola okufuna endwadde endala ne kookolo, n’olwekyo obubonero obukwatagana n’obwo nabwo buyinza okulabika.

Ka tuyige katono ku retrovirus kye ki.

Obutoffaali bw’omubiri gwaffe bukola okusinziira ku pulaani (ensengeka y’ebiragiro) eyitibwa DNA. DNA eno ekola obubaka obuyitibwa RNA, era okusinziira ku bubaka obwo, obutoffaali omubiri gwaffe bwe gwetaaga bukolebwa.

Kyokka, retroviruses zikola mu ngeri endala. Ebiragiro byabwe biwandiikiddwa mu RNA. Akawuka bwe kayingira mu butoffaali bwaffe, kakyusa RNA yaako okufaanana DNA eri mu butoffaali bwaffe. Oluvannyuma, esala DNA mu butoffaali bwaffe n’eyingizaamu ebiragiro byayo. Olwo, obutoffaali bwaffe bukola okusinziira ku biragiro by’akawuka. Akawuka ka siriimu y’emu ku kawuka ka retrovirus ng’ako.

Ani asinga okukosebwa akawuka ka siriimu?

Enzikiriza y'abantu nti "abantu abamu bokka be bafuna akawuka ka siriimu" nkyamu ddala. Omuntu yenna alina akawuka kano asobola okufuna akawuka ka siriimu. Okwegatta nga tolina bukuumi n’okugabana empiso okukuba empiso y’engeri enkulu akawuka ka siriimu gy’asaasaanyizaamu.

Wabula okusinziira ku bibalo, ebibinja by’abantu ebimu bye bisinga okukosebwa akawuka ka siriimu. Mu bino mulimu:

• Gay, Ebisiyaga, MSM.
• Amawanga agamu, okugeza abaddugavu n’Abasipanisi (kino tekikwatagana nnyo na Sri Lanka, naye eno y’embeera y’ensi yonna).
• Abantu abakola emirimu gy’okwegatta nga bawaanyisiganya ssente oba ebintu ebirala bali mu bulabe bwa maanyi okukwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu.

Abantu bano si be bokka abakwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu. Wabula ebibinja bino byolekagana n’ebizibu ebingi mu kuziyiza akawuka ka siriimu, okukeberebwa, n’okufuna obujjanjabi obutuufu. Okukyawa ebisiyaga, obusosoze mu mawanga, obwavu, n’okunyoomebwa okwetoolodde akawuka ka siriimu biremesa bangi okufuna empeereza y’ebyobulamu ey’omutindo ogwa waggulu.

Akawuka ka siriimu katera kwenkana wa?

Omuwendo gw’abantu abapya abakwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu mu nsi yonna kati gukendeddeko katono. Naye abantu abawerako bakyalina akawuka ka siriimu. Ekikulu, omuwendo omunene ogw’abantu abalina akawuka ka siriimu tebamanyi na nti balina akawuka ka siriimu. Eno y’ensonga lwaki kikulu okwekebeza akawuka ka siriimu buli kiseera.

Bubonero ki obulaga akawuka ka siriimu?

Osobola okukwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu ne bw’oba ​​tolina bubonero. Ky'ova olaba nga kikulu okwekebeza akawuka ka siriimu ne bw'oba towulira mulwadde.

Oluusi, bw’osooka okukwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu, oyinza okufuna obubonero obufaananako ng’omusujja oba omusujja. Kino kiyitibwa "Obulwadde bwa Acute Retroviral Syndrome" (ARS) . Obubonero buno mulimu:

• Omusujja
• Nze ngenda nnnyogoga.
• Obukoowu
• Okulumwa mu mamiro
• Obulumi mu binywa
• Entuuyo z’ekiro
• Okusiiyibwa kw’olususu
• Ennywanto z’omusaayi ezizimba
• Amabwa mu kamwa

Obubonero buno butera okukka mu wiiki emu oba bbiri, oba wadde omwezi gumu.

Mitendera ki egy’okukwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu?

Waliwo emitendera esatu emikulu egy’okukwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu:

Omutendera 1: Okukwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu

Abantu abamu bayinza okufuna obubonero ng’omusujja oba omusujja mu mwezi gumu oba ebiri nga bafunye akawuka ka siriimu. Obubonero buno butera okuggwaawo mu wiiki emu oba omwezi gumu. Mu kiseera kino , akawuka kano keyongera mangu mu mubiri, kale waliwo emikisa mingi egy’okusiiga abalala.

Omutendera 2: Obulwadde bwa siriimu obutawona/Clinical Latency

Oluvannyuma lw’omutendera ogw’amaanyi, osobola okubeera n’akawuka ka siriimu okumala emyaka nga towulira mulwadde. Kino kiyitibwa “chronic phase” oba “clinical latency.” Ekikulu ky’olina okujjukira nti ne bw’oba ​​towulira mulwadde, osobola okuyisa akawuka ka siriimu mu balala. Bw’otofuna bujjanjabi, omutendera guno guyinza okumala emyaka 10 n’okusoba. Naye eri abantu abamu, omutendera guno guyinza okuggwa amangu. Abantu abafuna obujjanjabi basobola okubeera mu mutendera guno okumala emyaka mingi.

Omutendera 3: Mukenenya

Mukenenya gwe mutendera ogusinga okuba ogw’amaanyi mu kukwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu. Ku mutendera guno, akawuka ka siriimu kanafuye nnyo abaserikale b’omubiri gwo, ne kikuleetera okukwatibwa obulwadde obw’omukisa .

Yinfekisoni z’omukisa ze yinfekisoni ezitera okufugibwa amangu omuntu alina abaserikale b’omubiri abalamu. Wabula abaserikale b’omubiri bwe banafuwa akawuka ka siriimu, yinfekisoni zino zisobola okuleeta obulabe obw’amaanyi ku mubiri.

Obulabe bw’okufuna ebika bya kookolo ebimu era bweyongera mu bantu abalina akawuka ka mukenenya. Kookolo ono n'obulwadde obuva ku mikisa byonna awamu bimanyiddwa nga "endwadde ezitegeeza mukenenya."

Omuntu okuzuulibwa nti alina mukenenya, alina okuba ng’alina akawuka ka siriimu era ng’alina waakiri emu ku mbeera zino wammanga:

• Okubeera n’obutoffaali bwa CD4 obutasukka 200 buli kiyuubi milimita y’omusaayi (obutoffaali 200/mm3).
• Okubeera n'endwadde emu oba eziwera "ezitegeeza mukenenya".

Endwadde ki ezitegeeza mukenenya?

Mu bino mulimu yinfekisoni eziva ku mikisa, kookolo omu (atera okuva ku buwuka), n’endwadde ezimu ez’obusimu. Ebimu ku byokulabirako bye bino:

• Obulwadde bwa Burkitt lymphoma
• Obulwadde bwa kandida mu nnyindo, mu nnywanto, mu nnyindo oba amawuggwe
• Obulwadde bw’ekyenda obutawona (cystoisosporiasis) obumala omwezi ogusukka mu gumu
• Coccidioidomycosis, okusaasaana/okuva ebweru w’amawuggwe
• Obulwadde bw’ekyenda obutawona (chronic intestinal cryptosporidiosis) obumala omwezi n’okusoba
• Obulwadde bwa Cytomegalovirus (nga tobaliddeemu kibumba, ennywanto oba ennywanto), obubeera mu bantu abasukka mu mwezi gumu.
• Cytomegalovirus retinitis (nga omuntu tasobola kulaba) .
• Obulwadde bw’obwongo obugambibwa nti buva ku siriimu
• Obulwadde bwa cryptococcosis obw’ebweru w’amawuggwe
• Amabwa ga Herpes simplex (agamala omwezi ogusukka mu gumu) .
• Herpes simplex bronchitis, pneumonitis oba esophagitis (obubeerawo mu bantu abasukka mu mwezi gumu) .
• Histoplasmosis, okusaasaana/okuva ebweru w’amawuggwe
• Obulwadde bwa siriimu (HIV wasting syndrome - okugejja ennyo) .
• Kookolo w’omumwa gwa nnabaana ayingirira
• Obulwadde bwa Lymphoma obuyitibwa immunoblastic Lymphoma
• Obulwadde bwa Kaposi sarcoma
• Yinfekisoni za bakitiriya eziwera oba eziddirira
• Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), esaasaanyizibwa/ebweru w’amawuggwe
• Mycobacterium kansasii, esaasaana/efuluma ebweru w’amawuggwe
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) mu kifo kyonna
• Ebika ebirala ebya mycobacterial oba ebika ebitannamanyika, ebibunye/eby’ebweru w’amawuggwe
• Obulwadde bw’ekifuba (Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia) .
• Obulwadde bwa lymphoma obusookerwako obw’obwongo
• Obulwadde bwa leukoencephalopathy obugenda mu maaso obuyitibwa multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) .
• Obulwadde bw’ekifuba obuddamu
• Obulwadde bwa Salmonella septicemia obuddamu (obutali bwa typhoid) .
• Obulwadde bwa Toxoplasmosis obw’obwongo (bubeerawo mu bantu abasukka mu mwezi gumu) .

Bubonero ki obulaga mukenenya?

Obubonero bwa mukenenya buyinza okuva ku siriimu yennyini, wamu n’endwadde endala ezikozesa omukisa gw’abaserikale b’omubiri abanafuye. Ebimu ku bino mulimu:

• Okugejja amangu
• Omusujja ogutera oba okutuuyana ekiro ekisusse
• Okuwulira ng’okooye ekisusse awatali nsonga
• Okuzimba mu nnyindo, ekisambi oba ekitundu ky’ensingo
• Ekiddukano ekimala wiiki eziwera
• Amabwa mu kamwa, mu nseke oba mu bitundu by’ekyama
• Obulwadde bw’ekifuba
• Ebitundu ebimyufu, ebya kitaka, ebya pinki oba ebya kakobe ku lususu, munda mu kamwa, mu nnyindo oba ku bikoola by’amaaso
• Okubulwa okujjukira, okwennyamira, n’obuzibu obulala mu busimu

Kiki ekivaako akawuka ka siriimu?

Akawuka ka siriimu kava ku kawuka akayitibwa Human Immunodeficiency Virus . Akawuka kano kalumba obutoffaali bwa CD4 (helper T-cells) obw’abaserikale b’omubiri gwaffe.Zizirumba ne zizisaanyaawo ekinafuya abaserikale b’omubiri.

Mukenenya abaawo nga siriimu akendeeza nnyo ku butoffaali bw’abaserikale b’omubiri, n’anafuya abaserikale b’omubiri ne batuuka n’okulemererwa okulwanyisa endwadde endala.

Akawuka ka siriimu kasaasaana katya?

Akawuka ka siriimu asobola okusiigibwa okuyita mu musaayi, ensigo, amazzi g’obukyala, amata g’amabeere, n’ebifulumizibwa mu nseke z’omuntu alina akawuka ka siriimu. Omuntu yenna ow’ekikula kyonna oba obwagazi asobola okukwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu n’akayisa mu balala.

Akawuka kano kasobola okuyingira mu mubiri gwo nga kayita mu kamwa, mu nseke, obusajja, obukyala oba olususu olumenyese. Okuggyako nga waliwo ekisala oba ekiwundu ku lususu, akawuka kano tekasobola kuyingira nga kayita mu lususu lulamu. Bw’oba ​​oli lubuto era ng’olina akawuka ka siriimu, akawuka kano kasobola n’okusiigibwa omwana wo.

Okwegatta nga tolina bukuumi n’okugabana empiso okukuba empiso y’engeri enkulu siriimu gy’asaasaanyizaamu. Ne bw’oba ​​towulira mulwadde, okyayinza okuyisa akawuka ka siriimu mu balala.

Akawuka ka siriimu kasobola okusiigibwa nga tuyita mu kunywegera?

Okuva akawuka ka siriimu bwe katasiigibwa mu ntuuyo, si kya bulijjo okusiigibwa akawuka ka siriimu nga bayita mu kunywegera. Wabula singa abaagalana bombi baba n’amabwa mu kamwa oba ennyindo ezivaamu omusaayi, emikisa mitono nnyo egy’okusiiga akawuka ka siriimu mu kiseera ky’okunywegera mu buziba, mu kamwa akaggule, kubanga amazzi amalala ag’omubiri gasobola okuwanyisiganyizibwa.

Ekirala, siriimu tasobola kusiigibwa nga tuyita mu bintu bino:

• Nga okwata oba okunywegera omuntu alina akawuka ka siriimu.
• Okuva mu kaabuyonjo z’olukale oba ebidiba ebiwugirwamu.
• Okugabana ebikopo, amasowaani, oba amasimu n’omuntu alina akawuka ka siriimu.
• Okuva ku biwuka ebiluma ng’ensiri.
• Nga ogaba omusaayi (ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu kuwaayo omusaayi mu Sri Lanka tebirina bulabe nnyo).

Ntegeera ntya oba nnina akawuka ka siriimu?

Tosobola kumanya oba alina akawuka ka siriimu ng’otunuulidde. Ekirala osobola okukwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu n’otolina bubonero bwonna. Engeri yokka gy’oyinza okumanya oba olina akawuka ka siriimu kwe kwekebeza akawuka ka siriimu.

Olw’okuba ng’omuntu omu ku buli musanvu abalina akawuka ka siriimu tamanyi nti alina akawuka ka siriimu, kirungi buli muntu ali wakati w’emyaka 13 ne 64 okwekebeza akawuka ka siriimu waakiri omulundi gumu ng’omu ku kwekebejja obulamu okwa bulijjo. Okugezesebwa kuno kwa kyeyagalire era kwa kyama.

Akawuka ka siriimu kazuulibwa atya? (Okuzuula obulwadde)

Akawuka ka siriimu kazuulibwa nga bakebera omusaayi oba amalusu go . Osobola okukeberebwa kuno awaka (nga olina ebikozesebwa mu kukebera awaka), mu ofiisi y’omusawo, oba mu kifo ekikeberebwamu mu kitundu kyo.

Singa ebyava mu kukeberebwa kwo biba "Negative" , tekyetaagisa kukeberebwa kwonna mu mbeera zino:

• Bw’oba ​​tofunye siriimu mu ngeri yonna mu myezi esatu nga tebannaba kukeberebwa.
• Bwoba tofunye kawuka mu "window period" y'okukeberebwa omusaayi (obudde obutwala akawuka okuzuulibwa). (Bw’oba ​​tokakasa kiseera kya ddirisa ly’okukeberebwa kw’okoze, buuza omusawo wo.)

Bw'oba wakwatibwa mu myezi esatu ng'omaze okukola okukeberebwa, kirungi okuddamu okukeberebwa okukakasa nti "nedda" ebyavuddemu.

Singa ebyava mu kukeberebwa kwo bikomawo "Positive," laabu ejja kukola okukebera okulala okukakasa ebyavaamu.

Bika ki eby’okukebera okuzuula akawuka ka siriimu?

Okukebera akawuka ka siriimu kuliko ebika bisatu ebikulu:

1. Okukebera Antigen/Antibody:

• Okukebera antigen kunoonya akabonero akayitibwa p24 ku ngulu w’akawuka ka siriimu. Okukebera obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde kunoonya eddagala emibiri gyaffe gye gikola ku bubonero obwo. Okugezesebwa kuno kunoonya byombi.
• Omusawo akuggyamu omusaayi omutono okuva mu musuwa oguli mu mukono gwo. Kisindikibwa mu laabu ne kikeberebwa p24 n’obutoffaali obuziyiza obulwadde buno. Okukebera kuno kusobola okuzuula akawuka ka siriimu wakati w’ennaku 18 ne 45 oluvannyuma lw’okukwatibwa.
• Okukebera amangu antigen/antibody kuyinza okukolebwa n’omusaayi gw’engalo. Okukebera kuno kusobola okuzuula akawuka ka siriimu waakiri oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 18 ng’akwatibwa. Kiyinza okutwala ennaku 90 okufuna ebivuddemu ebituufu. ("Rapid" kitegeeza obudde obutwala okufuna ebivuddemu, so si budde obutwala okuzuula akawuka).

2. Okukebera obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde:

• Okukebera kuno kunoonya obutoffaali obulwanyisa akawuka ka siriimu mu musaayi gwo oba mu ntuuyo. Kino osobola okukikola ng’oggya omusaayi mu musuwa oguli mu mukono gwo, ng’ofumita engalo oba ng’oggyamu amalusu okuva mu nnyindo zo.
• Kiyinza okutwala wakati w’ennaku 23 ne 90 oluvannyuma lw’okukwatibwa okukeberebwa obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde okuzuula akawuka ka siriimu. Okukebera antibody, okukolebwa ku musaayi oguggyiddwa mu musuwa, kusobola okuzuula amangu akawuka ka siriimu okusinga okukebera okukolebwa ku malusu oba omusaayi oguggyibwa mu fingerstick.

3. Okukebera asidi wa nyukiliya (NATs): .

• Aba NAT banoonya akawuka ka siriimu mu musaayi gwo. Omusawo akuggyamu omusaayi omutono okuva mu musuwa oguli mu mukono gwo. Gusindikibwa mu laabu okukeberebwa akawuka ka siriimu.
• NAT etera okuzuula akawuka ka siriimu wakati w’ennaku 10 ne 33 oluvannyuma lw’okukwatibwa. Wabula okukebera kuno kutera kukolebwa singa oba obadde n’obulwadde obw’akabi ennyo.

Singa ebyava mu kukeberebwa kwo biba "positive," omusawo wo ajja kukuwa amagezi okwongera okukeberebwa okwekenneenya obulamu bwo. Mu bino biyinza okuli:

• Okubala Omusaayi mu bujjuvu (CBC) .
• Okukebera obulwadde bw’ekibumba obuva ku kawuka
• X-ray y’ekifuba
• Pap smear (eri abakyala) .
• Omuwendo gw’obutoffaali bwa CD4 (omuwendo gwa CD4) .
• Okukebera akafuba

Waliwo okwekebeza siriimu kwonna okuyinza okukolebwa awaka? (Okugezesebwa mu maka)

Yee, waliwo ebikozesebwa mu kukebera akawuka ka siriimu by’osobola okukola awaka. Ebimu biba bigezo bya mangu. Mu zo, osiiga ennyindo zo n’akawoowo akagonvu era akakyukakyuka. Oluvannyuma, swab eteekebwa mu tube nga mulimu amazzi ag’enjawulo era ebivuddemu ne bisomebwa. Ebyavaamu bifunibwa mu ddakiika 15-20.

Ebirala ebikeberebwa awaka bikozesa ekyuma ekikufumita engalo n’empiso entono. Ettondo ly’omusaayi lisiigibwa ku kaadi, era ekitabo ekikebera ne kisindikibwa mu laabu okuzuula ebyavaamu.

Singa ebyava mu kukeberebwa kwo awaka biba "positive," olina okulaba omusawo wo n'ofuna okukeberebwa okulala okukakasa ebyavaamu.

Waliwo eddagala eriwonya akawuka ka siriimu?

Mu kiseera kino tewali ddagala lya siriimu. Wabula waliwo obujjanjabi bungi obukola ennyo obuyinza okufuga ennyo okukula kw’akawuka ka siriimu.

Akawuka ka siriimu ajjanjabwa atya ? (Obujjanjabi)

Akawuka ka siriimu ajjanjabwa n’eddagala eriweebwa buli lunaku eriyitibwa antiretroviral therapy (ART) .

Okumira eddagala ery’enjawulo, okusinga eddagala limu lyokka, y’engeri esinga okukola obulungi ey’okukomya akawuka ka siriimu okusaasaana n’okusaanyaawo obutoffaali. Waliwo n’empeke ezigatta ezirimu eddagala eriwerako mu ddagala erimu. Omusawo wo ajja kulonda n’obwegendereza omugatte ogutuufu ogukugwanira.

Ekigendererwa ky’obujjanjabi bwa ART kwe kukendeeza ku bungi bwa siriimu mu musaayi (viral load) okutuuka ku ddaala eritazuulibwa mu kukeberebwa akawuka ka siriimu n’okufuga okunafuwa kw’abaserikale b’omubiri okuva ku siriimu.

Eddagala erikozesebwa ku siriimu

Buli kika kya ddagala erikozesebwa mu ART kikola mu ngeri ya njawulo okukomya akawuka ka siriimu okwekola kkopi nnyingi oba okusiiga obutoffaali bwo. Ekika ky’eddagala lya ART kye kimu kiyinza okuba n’amannya ag’enjawulo.

Waliwo ebika by’eddagala lya ART ebiwerako:

• Eddagala eriziyiza okuwandiikibwa mu ngeri ya nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NRTIs) .
• Ebiziyiza ebitali bya nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NNRTIs) .
• Ebiziyiza obutoffaali obukola omubiri (PIs) .
• Ebiziyiza okuyungibwa (fusion inhibitors).
• Ebiziyiza ebikwata ku CCR5 (ebiziyiza CCR5) .
• Ebiziyiza okutambuza emiguwa gya Integrase (INSTIs) .
• Ebiziyiza okwegatta
• Ebiziyiza oluvannyuma lw’okwegatta
• Ebirungo ebinyweza enkola y’eddagala
• Okugatta eddagala lya siriimu

Nkola ntya okwerabirira nga mbeera ne siriimu?

Kikulu nnyo okumira eddagala lyo nga bwe likulagiddwa, mu kiseera ekituufu, n’obutabuuka ssaawa za musawo. Kino kye kiyitibwaKiyitibwa okunywerera ku bujjanjabi.

Bw’osubwa okumira eddagala lyo, ne bwe liba mu butanwa, akawuka ka siriimu kasobola okukyusa engeri gye kakwatamu obutoffaali (mutate). Ekyo bwe kibaawo, eddagala ly’omira liyinza obutakola. Singa enteekateeka yo ey’emirimu ekulemesa okumira eddagala lyo mu budde oba okukuuma enteekateeka, yogerako n’omusawo wo ku nsonga eno.

Kiki kye nsuubira singa mba nnina akawuka ka siriimu?

Bw’ozuulibwa ng’olina akawuka ka siriimu, ekisinga obukulu ky’olina okumanya nti abantu abalina akawuka ka siriimu abagoberera obulungi ebiragiro by’obujjanjabi basobola okuwangaala obulamu obujjuvu, obuwanvu, ng’omuntu atalina siriimu.

Okunoonyereza kulaga nti singa omuwendo gw’obutoffaali bwa CD4 buba bungi ate ng’akawuka ko tekazuulibwa mu mwaka gumu ng’otandika obujjanjabi, ojja kuba n’ebivaamu ebisinga obulungi, kasita ogenda mu maaso n’okugoberera enteekateeka y’obujjanjabi.

Osobola okulongoosa endowooza yo ng’okola ebintu bino:

• Weekebe ng’ekimu ku bitundu by’okukeberebwa obulamu obwa bulijjo, oba bw’oba ​​olowooza nti oyinza okuba nga wakwatibwa.
• Tandika obujjanjabi bwa ART amangu ddala nga omaze okuzuulibwa nti olina akawuka ka siriimu.
• Eddagala lyo limira bulungi buli lunaku.
• Kuuma appointments ne ttiimu yo ey’abasawo.

Wadde nga ART esobola okukendeeza ku bungi bw’akawuka mu musaayi gwo okutuuka ku miwendo egitazuulibwa, tesobola kumalawo ddala kawuka mu mubiri gwo (kayinza okugalamira munda mu butoffaali bwo). Bw’otomira ddagala lyo buli kiseera, akawuka kayinza okuddamu okutandika okusaasaana ne kakyuka, era eddagala lyo liyinza okulekera awo okukola.

Singa tebujjanjabwa, kiyinza okutwala emyaka nga 10 akawuka ka siriimu okukulaakulana n’afuna mukenenya. Singa ofuna obulwadde bwa mukenenya n’olekebwa nga tofunye bujjanjabi, osobola okusuubira okuwangaala emyaka emirala nga esatu.

Wabula mu abo abali ku bujjanjabi, singa omuwendo gw’obutoffaali bwa CD4 guba mungi ate nga n’akawuka tekazuulibwa mu mwaka gumu nga batandise okujjanjabwa, basobola okuwangaala ng’omuntu atalina siriimu. Singa omuwendo gw’obutoffaali bwa CD4 guba mutono mu mwaka gumu nga batandise okujjanjabwa, oba singa akawuka tekazuulibwa, boolekedde okuwangaala emyaka 10-20 wansi okusinga omuntu atalina siriimu.

Akawuka ka siriimu kagenda ku bwakyo?

Akawuka ka siriimu tekagenda ku bwalwo. Olw’okuba yeegatta mu DNA yo, obutoffaali bwo bulowooza nti kitundu ku ggwe. Newankubadde oyinza obutaba na bubonero bwonna okumala emyaka oluvannyuma lw’okusooka okukwatibwa, era oyinza obutawulira mulwadde, akawuka ka siriimu kasobola okweyongera okwonoona abaserikale b’omubiri.

Nga omira eddagala, wayinza okubaawo ebiseera ng’akawuka kano katono nnyo nga tekasobola kuzuulibwa mu kukeberebwa akawuka ka siriimu. Mu biseera bino, siriimu asobola okusigala nga yeekukumye mu mubiri gwo, nga tazuuliddwa. Kiyinza "okuzuukuka" mu biseera eby'omu maaso ne kiddamu okutandika okusaanyaawo obutoffaali bwo.

Eno y’ensonga lwaki kikulu nnyo okugenda mu maaso n’okumira eddagala lyo ery’akawuka ka siriimu, ne bw’oba ​​towulira mulwadde oba ng’olina emiwendo gy’akawuka kano egitazuulibwa. Awatali bujjanjabi, akawuka ka siriimu kunafuya abaserikale b’omubiri, okukkakkana nga tebasobola kulwanyisa ndwadde ndala ez’amaanyi.

Nnyinza ntya okukendeeza ku bulabe bw’okukwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu?

Engeri esinga okukendeeza ku bulabe bw’okufuna akawuka ka siriimu kwe kumanya engeri gye kasaasaanyizibwamu n’okwekuuma mu mirimu egimu . Okwegatta nga tolina bukuumi n’okugabana empiso okukuba empiso y’engeri enkulu siriimu gy’asaasaanyizaamu.

Wano waliwo engeri gy’oyinza okukendeeza ku bulabe bwo:

• Kozesa kondomu za latex (emipiira) ku kika kyonna eky’okwegatta (mu bukyala, mu bukyala, oba mu kamwa). Tokozesa kondomu ezikoleddwa mu biva mu bisolo (e.g., amaliba g’endiga).
• Kozesa ebizigo ebiva mu mazzi (lotion).
• Togabanangako mpiso kukuba mpiso.
• Weekebeze era ojjanjabwe obulwadde obulala obw’ekikaba (STIs). Okubeera n’endwadde endala ez’ekikaba kyongera obulabe bw’okufuna akawuka ka siriimu.
• Totamiira wadde okukozesa ebiragalalagala okwewugula. Abantu abatamiivu tebasobola nnyo kwekuuma.
• Bw’oba ​​oli mu bulabe bwa maanyi obw’okukwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu, buuza omusawo wo oba olina okumira PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) .
• Bw’oba ​​olowooza nti oyinza okuba nga wali ofunye akawuka ka siriimu, laba omusawo wo mu bwangu olabe oba weetaaga okumira PEP (Post-exposure prophylaxis) .
• Lowooza ku ky’okwekebeza olabe oba osobola okuyisa akawuka ka siriimu mu balala.

Okukozesa obulungi kondomu kikulu nnyo okukuuma akawuka ka siriimu. Kozesa kondomu y’omusajja ng’okola akaboozi konna akazingiramu obusajja bwo.

Osobola okukuuma obukyala oba obukyala bwo ng’okozesa ddaamu z’amannyo oba kondomu ez’omunda (kondomu z’abakyala) . Ddam z’amannyo bitundu bya polyurethane oba latex ebipapajjo ebiyinza okuteekebwa waggulu w’obukyala oba mu nseke ng’ogenda okwegatta mu kamwa. Kondomu ey’omunda osobola okugiyingiza mu bukyala oba mu nseke n’ogikozesa.

Kozesa ekika kya kondomu kimu kyokka omulundi gumu. Tokozesa kondomu ya musajja ne kondomu ey’omunda mu kiseera kye kimu.

Eddagala liyinza okuziyiza akawuka ka siriimu?

Waliwo eddagala eriyinza okuyamba okuziyiza akawuka ka siriimu eri abo ababadde bakwatibwa oba abali mu bulabe obw’amaanyi obw’okukwatibwa. Bino biyitibwa PrEP (Pre-exposure prophylaxis) ne PEP (Okuziyiza oluvannyuma lw’okukwatibwa) .

Okuziyiza nga tebannaba kukwatibwa (PrEP) .

PrEP ddagala ly’omira buli lunaku bw’oba ​​tolina siriimu naye ng’oli mu bulabe bwa maanyi okukwatibwa.

Okusingira ddala, bw’oba ​​tolina siriimu, nga weegatta mu bukyala oba mu bukyala mu myezi mukaaga egiyise, era ng’embeera yonna ku zino wammanga eba ntuufu, kirungi okumira PrEP:

• Munno mu kaboozi alina akawuka ka siriimu.
• Bulijjo tokozesezza kondomu.
• Obadde ofunye obulwadde bw’ekikaba (STI) mu myezi mukaaga egiyise.

PrEP esengekeddwa bw’oba ​​tolina siriimu, ng’ofuyira eddagala, era singa wabaawo ku mbeera zino wammanga ezituufu:

• Okuba empiso eddagala ne munno alina akawuka ka siriimu.
• Mugabana empiso oba ebyuma ebirala okukuba eddagala.

PrEP si kifo kya ngeri ndala ez’obukuumi. Ne bw’oba ​​omira PrEP, olina okukozesa kondomu n’okwewala okugabana empiso okukuba empiso.

Okuziyiza oluvannyuma lw’okukwatibwa (PEP) .

PEP ekozesa eddagala lya siriimu okugezaako okutangira okukwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu amangu ddala nga omaze okukwatibwa. PEP ya bantu abatalina siriimu, oba abatamanyi oba balina akawuka ka siriimu naye nga balowooza nti bayinza okuba nga baakwatibwa nga bayita mu kwegatta nga bakkiriziganyizza, okusobya ku bakazi, okugabana empiso (oba ebyuma ebirala), oba okukwatibwa ebikwatagana n’emirimu.

Olina okutandika PEP mu ssaawa 72 ng’ogifunye era ogimira buli lunaku okumala ennaku 28. PEP ya mbeera za mangu zokka, era si kifo kya ngeri ndala ez’obukuumi, gamba ng’okukozesa kondomu.

Bwemba nnina akawuka ka siriimu, nnyinza ntya okumutangira okusaasaana mu balala?

Engeri ezisinga obulungi ez’okuziyiza okusiigibwa akawuka ka siriimu mu balala okusinga ze zimu n’engeri z’okwekuuma:

• Bagambe beegatta nabo n’abo abakukuba empiso n’ebiragalalagala nti olina akawuka ka siriimu.
• Goberera enteekateeka yo ey’obujjanjabi era tobuuka ddagala lyo. Singa akawuka ko tekazuulibwa, obulabe bwo obw’okusiiga akawuka ka siriimu ng’oyita mu kwegatta bukendeera nnyo (U=U: Undetectable = Untransmittable).
• Yogerako ne munno ku by’okumira PrEP.
• Ne bwe kiba nti akawuka ko tekamanyiddwa, yambala kondomu ng’ogenda okwegatta mu bukyala, mu nnywanto n’omu kamwa.
• Togabana mpiso oba ebyuma ebirala ebikozesebwa okukuba eddagala.
• Ekkomo ku muwendo gw’abo be weegatta.
• Bw’oba ​​oli lubuto era ng’olina akawuka ka siriimu, okugoberera enteekateeka yo ey’obujjanjabi, omuli n’eddagala lya ART, kiyinza okukendeeza ku bulabe bw’okuyisa akawuka ku mwana wo.

Nsobola okufuna olubuto singa mba nnina akawuka ka siriimu?

Abantu abamu balowooza nti akawuka ka siriimu kazibuwalira okufuna embuto, naye ekyo si kituufu. Bw’oba ​​olina akawuka ka siriimu era ng’oyagala okufuna olubuto, yogerako n’omusawo wo. Nga muli wamu musobola okukola enteekateeka okukuuma ggwe, munno n’abaana bo ab’omu maaso nga balamu bulungi.

Osobola okuyisa akawuka ka siriimu eri munno ng’oyita mu kwegatta nga tolina bukuumi, n’okutuusa omwana wo ng’oli lubuto, ng’azaala, n’okuyonsa. Okumira eddagala lya ART kiyinza okukendeeza ennyo ku bulabe bw’okuyisa akawuka ka siriimu mu mwana wo naddala ng’akawuka ko tekazuulibwa. Omusawo ayinza okukuwa amagezi okuwa omwana wo formula mu kifo ky’okumuwa amata g’amabeere.

Ddi lwe nnina okulaba omusawo wange?

Bw’oba ​​olowooza nti oyinza okuba nga wakwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu, kuba essimu y’omusawo mu bwangu. Bw’oba ​​olina akawuka ka siriimu, kikulu nnyo okutandika okujjanjabibwa amangu ddala nga bwe kisoboka .

Bw’oba ​​omanyi dda nti olina akawuka ka siriimu, goberera ebiragiro by’omusawo ku ddi lw’olina okwogera. Kikulu okujjanjaba ekika kyonna eky’obulwadde, kale yogera nabo bw’oba ​​olina obubonero obupya ng’omusujja, entuuyo ekiro, ekiddukano oba ekintu ekirala kyonna ekikweraliikiriza.

Bibuuzo ki bye nnina okubuuza omusawo wange?

• Ndi mu bulabe obw’okwongera okukwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu?
• Kiki kye nnyinza okukola okukendeeza ku bulabe bw’okukwatibwa akawuka ka siriimu?
• Nnyinza ntya okukakasa nti eddagala lyange ndimira bulungi?
• Kiki kye nnyinza okukola okwekuuma endwadde endala?
• Okwetangira otya okusaasaana kwa siriimu?
• Ebyava mu kukeberebwa kwange bitegeeza ki?
• Okubala omusaayi gwange kitegeeza ki?
• Ngema ki?

N’ekisembayo, ebintu by’olina okujjukira (Obubaka bw’okutwala awaka) .

Enkola z’obujjanjabi zisingako nnyo leero okusinga bwe zaali ku ntikko y’ekirwadde kya mukenenya. Singa ozuulibwa nga bukyali, n’oteeka ku ddagala lya ART, n’onywerera ku yo, olina omukisa ogusinga okuwangaala. Leero, abantu abalina akawuka ka siriimu basobola okukola, okuba n‟obulamu obw‟omukwano, okukuza amaka, n‟okuba n‟enkolagana ematiza. Mu butuufu, ebintu bino bisobola okukosa obulungi obulamu bwo obw’omutwe.

Ne bwe tutuuse tutya mu by’obujjanjabi, ebyembi, okuvumwavumwa okwetoolodde akawuka ka siriimu kukyaliwo. Ng’oggyeeko okutya n’obutali bukakafu ebijja n’okuzuula obulwadde obupya, oyinza n’okweraliikirira engeri abantu abakwetoolodde gye banaakwatamu. Bw’oba ​​olonzalonza okwekebeza oba okujjanjabibwa, oba bw’oba ​​tokakasa mitendera gyo egiddako, yogerako n’ekibiina ky’omukitundu ekikuguse mu siriimu. Jjukira nti olina eddembe okuwagira, okusaasira, n’okulabirira ebyobulamu eby’omutindo ogwa waggulu.

` Akawuka ka siriimu, mukenenya, abaserikale b’omubiri, retrovirus, obutoffaali bwa CD4, obujjanjabi bwa ART, obulamu bw’okwegatta