Bacteria infection i nei em? Gram Stain test chungchang hi i zir chiang ang u.

He "Gram Stain" hi eng nge a nih i ngaihtuah mai thei. Doctor-in he test hi tihsak tura a tih che hian i hlauthawng deuh mai thei. Mahse, lungngai suh. Hei hi test awlsam tak a ni a, test pawimawh tak a ni a, tih fo thin a ni. Vawiin hian chipchiar takin, awlsam takin kan sawi dawn a ni.

Gram Stain test tih hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin Gram stain hi lab test a ni a, i taksa hmun dangah natna hrik a awm leh awm loh enfiah a ni a, a awm a nih chuan bacteria vang a ni em tih hriat a ni. I rilru na emaw, hliam emaw, a hring ang maia lang emaw i nei tih han ngaihtuah teh. Tichuan doctor chuan bacteria nena inzawm niin a ringhlel mai thei. Chutih lai chuan he test hian rang takin a chungchang ngaihtuahna a pe thei a ni.

Hei hian i zun, hliam atanga zun, a nih loh leh chutiang chi sample lak a, microscope hmanga en a huam a ni. Hei hian bacteria a awm leh awm loh leh a awm a nih chuan eng ang nge an nih tih ngaihtuahna rough tak a pe a ni. Hei hian doctor chu eng damdawi nge a pek ang che tih leh eng test dang nge tih tur tih a rel thei a ni.

Bacteria chungchang tawi te te

Bacteria hi thil nung te tak te, cell pakhat nei a ni. Kan taksaah te, kan vunah te, kan chhehvel hmun tinah te an awm a. Bacteria chi thenkhat chuan harsatna min thlen lo va, thenkhat phei chuan min pui bawk. Mahse bacteria chi hrang hrang, infection leh natna chi hrang hrang thlentu a awm a. Gram stain test hian chutiang bacteria tha lo hriatchhuahna kawngah a pui hle.

He test-ah hian bacteria te hian an cell wall-a chemical leh physical property a zirin rawng hrang hrang an thlak thin. Chutiang chuan "gram-positive" emaw "gram-negative" emaw tiin an thliar hrang a ni. Mahse thil pakhat hriat reng tur chu he Gram stain method hian bacteria zawng zawng hi a nghawng vek lo tih hi a ni. Tin, he test ringawt pawh hian natna chu eng nge a nih chiang taka hriat theih loh hun a awm bawk. Mahse, bacteria chi hrang hrang chungchangah clue lian tak a pe a, hei hi enkawlna tanna kawngah a pui hle.

Gram stain hi staining method pawimawh tak a ni a, kum za tam tak chhung chu microbiology-ah an lo hmang tawh a ni. Kum 1882 khan Danish bacteriologist Hans Christian Gram chuan a rawn hmang tan a ni. Pneumonia thlentu thil nungte hriatchhuah nan a hmang hmasa ber a ni.

Gram-positive leh Gram-negative bacteria te hi eng nge ni?

Tunah chuan he Gram-positive leh Gram-negative thil zawng zawng hi eng nge a nih i en ang u. He classification hi Gram stain test neih chhunga sample-a dye dah nen bacteria an inrem dan atanga siam a ni. Bacteria thenkhat chu purple-blue rawng an chang a, thenkhat erawh chu pink-red rawng an chang thung.

Hetah hian , "positive" tih hian "tha" tihna a ni lo va, "negative" tihna pawh a ni lo.Negative tih hian "tha lo" emaw "bacteria awm lo" emaw a kawk lo. Bacteria ten dye an dawn dan atanga classification mai a ni. A châng chuan bacteria hi "gram-variable" an ti bawk. Chumi awmzia chu an stain inang lo tihna a ni a, pink leh purple mixed angin an lang thei bawk.

Gram-positive bacteria te an ni

Gram-positive bacteria cell wall hi peptidoglycan tih hming pu thil layer thuk tak tak atanga siam a ni. Peptidoglycan hi bacteria tam zawk cell wall-a thil awm ber a ni. Gram-positive bacteria cell wall 90% vel a siam a ni. Chuvangin Gram stain-ah hian blue atanga purple thlengin an lang thin.

Gram-positive bacteria chi thenkhat chu:

• `Staphylococcus chi hrang hrang`
• `Streptococcus chi hrang hrang`
• `Corynebacterium chi hrang hrang`
• `Clostridium chi hrang hrang`
• `Listeria chi hrang hrang`

Gram-negative bacteria te an ni

Gram-negative bacteria hian an cell wall-ah peptidoglycan (cell wall 10% vel) layer te tak te an nei a. Tin, an cell wall-ah hian lipids (i.e. fatty acids) percentage sang tak an nei bawk. Hei vang hian Gram stain-ah hian sen atanga pink thlengin an lang thin.

Gram-negative bacteria chi thenkhat chu:

• `Neisseria gonorrhoeae leh Neisseria meningitides te hi a awm a ni`
• `Moraxella chi hrang hrang`
• `Escherichia coli (E. coli)` tih a ni
• `Pseudomonas chi hrang hrang`
• `Proteus chi hrang hrang`
• `Klebsiella chi hrang hrang`

Gram stain leh bacterial culture hi eng nge a danglamna?

I doctor chuan bacteria infection i nei nia a rinhlelh chuan Gram stain test leh bacterial culture test pahnih an order fo thin. Mahse, heng test pahnih atanga information kan hmuh hi a danglam hle.

Hetiang hian han ngaihtuah teh, gram stain chu police officer-in thil sual tihna hmuna kal a, rang taka rinhlelhte sawifiahna rough tak (a san zawng, rawng leh thawmhnaw ang chi) a ziak chhuak ang mai a ni. Hei hian tute nge awm tih hriatna rang tak a pe che a ni.

Bacterial culture chu sample pakhata bacteria awmte chu laboratory-a special nutrient medium-a tihpun a, a hminga hriatchhuahna a ni. Hei hian ni engemaw zat a daih thei a, bacteria thenkhat chu an thang zawi zawi a. Mahse bacteria dik tak leh an enkawlna tur dik tak hriatchhuahna kawngah pawh a pui bawk.

Chuvangin, Gram stain atanga result rang tak a niA hmuh pawh nise, bacteria chi hrang hrang chauh a hrilh thei fo. Mahse chu thu chu doctor tan chuan enkawlna a tan thuai theih nan a pawimawh hle. Bacterial culture hi a dik taka hriat theihna awmchhun a ni.

Gram stain test hian eng natna nge a hriat theih?

Doctor-te chuan bacteria infection thenkhat hriatchhuah leh enkawlna atana pui turin Gram stain test an ti a. Entirnan, urinary tract infection (UTIs) leh bacterial pneumonia ang chi natna hriat nan hman a ni. Mahse, bacteria infection zawng zawngah order a ni lo. Entirnan, Gram stain hi food poisoning ang chi thil atan tih a ni tlangpui lo va, mahse a tul chuan stool sample-ah tih theih a ni.

Gram-negative bacteria tlanglawn tak tak leh an natna thlentu te

Gram-negative bacteria thenkhat leh an natna thlen thei te chu hetiang hi a ni:

• ` Escherichia coli : Zun kawng natna (UTIs), ei leh in lama rimchhia.`
• ` Legionella pneumoniae : Legionnaires te natna.`
• ` Salmonella : Ei leh in lama rimchhia, Typhoid natna.`
• ` Klebsiella : Pneumonia, thisen kai, hliam emaw surgery hmuna natna, bacterial meningitis.`
• ` Neisseria gonorrhoeae : Kal natna.`
• ` Proteus : Zun kawng natna (UTIs).`
• ` Morganella morganii : Urinary tract infection (UTIs), sepsis, pneumonia, hliam natna, taksa ruh natna, central nervous system infection, leh pericarditis (thinlung vel membrane inflammation) te.`
• ` Aeromonas : mit natna, osteomyelitis (ruh natna), bacterial meningitis, "near-drowning" thawkna lama natna, ruh natna.`

Gram-positive bacteria tlanglawn tak tak leh an natna thlentu te

Gram-positive bacteria thenkhat leh an natna thlen thei te chu hetiang hi a ni:

• ` Streptococcus pneumoniae : Bacteria atanga lo chhuak a ni.`
• ` Staphylococcus aureus : Bacterial pneumonia, methicillin laka invenna Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), leh toxic shock syndrome te.`
• ` Group A Streptococcus chi hrang hrang : Strep throat natna.`
• ` Listeria : Ei tur rimchhia.`
• ` Clostridium : Chaw ei tur rimchhia.`
• `A rilru a hah lutuk chuan a rilru a buai em em a, a rilru a hah lutuk chuan a rilru a buai em em bawk a

Engtikah nge Gram test hi tih thin?

I doctor-in bacteria infection i neih a rinhlelh chuan, a chang chuan fungal infection i nei a nih chuan Gram stain leh bacteria culture an order tlangpui ang. Hei hi i taksaa bacteria infection awm chu rang taka hriat theihna kawng tlangpui a ni.

Gram Stain test hi tuin nge ti thin?

Infection i neih theih dan azirin healthcare provider chi hrang hrangin Gram stain test atan sample an la thei a ni. Entirnan, gynecologist chuan Gram stain test atan swab a la thei a, gonorrhea a awm leh awm loh a enfiah thei bawk. Pulmonologist chuan i khuh emaw, i khuh emaw atanga phlegm sample la in bacterial pneumonia a awm leh awm loh Gram stain test turin a thawn thei a ni.

Chumi hnuah i doctor chuan sample chu sterile container-ah dahin laboratory-ah test turin a thawn ang. Medical laboratory scientist chuan microscope slide-ah sample chu a hnawih ang a, dye hrang hrang a hnawih ang a, microscope hmangin a en ang. Report an ziak ang a, i doctor hnenah an pe ang.

Gram Stain test atan engtin nge i inbuatsaih thin?

Chanchin lawmawm tak! Gram stain test atana inbuatsaih nan thil bik tih a ngai lo.

Gram Stain test hi engtin nge an tih thin?

Gram stain test-ah hian a tlangpuiin step lian pathum a awm a:

• Sample lakkhawm.
• Sample buatsaih dan tur.
• Sample testing neih a ni.

Gram stain sample lakkhawm

Hei hian i doctor-in hri kai a rinhlelhna hmun atanga sample lak a huam a ni. Chutiang sample lak dan tur thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• I taksa peng pakhat chunglam atanga tissue scraping emaw brush emaw.
• I taksa atanga tui emaw discharge emaw khawlkhawm.
• Fine-needle aspiration chu i taksa hmun khat atanga tui sample lakchhuah chu fine needle hmanga lakchhuah a ni.

A hnuaia mi hi swab lakna emaw, sample brush emaw theihna hmunte chu a ni:

• Hrawk
• Hnar kawngkhar
• Mipat hmeichhiatna lam
• Vun natna (Vin lesions) a awm

Sterile container-a direct-a i lakkhawm theih sample te chu:

• Saliva (sputum) 1.1.
• Zun chhuah
• Ek

Taksa chhunga fine-needle aspiration mamawhna hmunte chu:

• I ruh chhunga synovial fluid awm chu.
• I thinlung chhehvela tui (pericardial fluid) awm.
• Pleural fluid chu i lung chhehvela tui awm a ni.
• Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hi i ruhro vel a tui awm chu a ni.

Chumi hnuah doctor chuan sample chu sterile container-ah a dah a, lab-ah a thawn ta a ni.

Gram staining tih dan tur

Lab-ah chuan medical laboratory scientist chuan sample chu glass microscope slide-ah a theh darh a. Heng slide te hi "smears" an ti a. Tichuan, smear-ah hian dye hrang hrang an hnawih a, Gram stain an ti ta a ni.

Gram staining process hian step bulpui pali a huam a, chungte chu:

• Primary pigment (crystal violet) hmanga hnawih a ni.
• Color fixer (Gram’s iodine) dah belh a ni.
• Ethanol, acetone emaw, a pahnih inzawm emaw hmanga decolorization rang tak.
• Safranin hmanga counterstaining a ni.

Gram stain a awm leh awm loh enfiah

Tichuan, medical lab scientist chuan microscope hmanga a en chuan bacteria awm thei apiang chu an rawng leh an pianzia hmangin an thliar hrang thin :

• Color : Gram-positive bacteria hi purple atanga blue thlengin a lang tlangpui a, Gram-negative bacteria erawh pink atanga red angin a lang thung.
• Shape : A pianzia tlangpui chu spherical (cocci) emaw rod-shaped (bacilli) emaw a ni.

Tin, medical laboratory scientist chuan slide-a bacteria grouping te chu a en a, sample characteristic dangte pawh a zawng bawk. Entir nan:

• Cocci hi pakhat chauh emaw, pahnih pahnih emaw, pawl pali emaw, pawl khat emaw, chain emaw-in an awm em?
• Bacilli te hi an thau em, an sei em, an tawi em, an sei em, a nih loh leh a tawp khatah spore lian tak tak an nei em?
• Thisen var chhungah hian bacteria a awm em?

Chumi hnuah chuan medical laboratory scientist chuan report a siam ang a, i doctor hnenah a thawn ang.

Gram stain test hian eng hlauhawmna nge a neih?

Swab sample lak hian risk a awm lo va, saliva, zun, stool sample pek pawh a hlauhawm lo.

Thisen test chungchang erawh chuan a hlauhawmna a tlem hle. Thisen lakna hmunah hian natna leh hliam engemaw zat a awm thei a, mahse a dam thuai ang.

Fine-needle aspiration avanga hlauhawm awm thei te chu:

• Hrisel lohna emaw, natna emaw hriatna.
• Thisen chhuak.
• An infection a ni.
• A chhehvel tissue te tihchhiat.

Gram stain result hian eng nge a awmzia?

Gram stain test result-ah hian thil pawimawh pahnih a lang a, chungte chu "negative Gram stain" emaw "positive Gram stain" emaw a ni. Hei hi "gram-negative" emaw "gram-positive" bacteria emaw tih nen hian inthlau tur a ni lo.

Negative Gram stain a awm

I test result-ah "negative Gram stain" emaw "no organism seen" emaw a nih chuan Gram stain hmanga hmuh theih tur bacteria a tlem tihna a ni tlangpui. Mahse, sample khat culture i tih chuan bacteria i la hmu thei tho.

Positive Gram stain a awm

I test result-ah "positive Gram stain" a nih chuan i sample-ah bacteria a awm tihna a ni. I result a positive a nih chuan hetiang hian information a awm tlangpui ang:

• Bacteria chi hrang hrang : Gram-positive emaw Gram-negative emaw.
• Bacteria pianzia : spherical (cocci) emaw rod-shaped (bacilli) emaw pawh nise.
• Bacteria mizia dang : bacteria lian leh te, an tam dan (number), leh/ emaw bacteria te group khawm dan, a remchan chuan.
• Cell dang : Cell dang (intracellular), thisen sen, thisen var chhunga bacteria awm leh awm loh.
• Fungi : Gram stain test hian yeast emaw mold emaw ang chi fungi te pawh a zawng thei bawk. Mahse, eng fungus chi nge a nih tih chiang taka hriat theih nan test belh a ngai a ni.

He thu hi i natna lan chhuah dan leh damdawi lama thil hmuhchhuah dangte nen a inzawm chuan i doctor chu eng damdawi nge a hlawk ber tih a rel thei a ni. A châng chuan, hei hi bacteria culture result a hmuh hmain a ṭangkai thei a ni.

Test result hriat nan eng chen nge hun a duh?

Gram stain test hian result rang tak a pe tlangpui. Mahse, Gram stain result hi a hmasa ber anga ngaih a ni fo . Chumi awmzia chu anmahni chauh hian diagnosis an siam thei ngai lo tihna a ni. Bacteria culture leh/ emaw test dang (entir nan, bacteria chi hrang hrang antigen leh antibody test) neih a ngai mai thei.

Engtikah nge ka doctor ka biak ang?

Infection i nei tih hmuhchhuah a nih a, i enkawl mek chungchangah harsatna i nei a nih chuan, emaw, i natna a dam lo a nih chuan i doctor chu biak ngei ngei tur a ni.

Gram stain hi test hman tlanglawn tak a ni a, a tam zawkah chuan natna nei lo, bacteria emaw fungal infection emaw enfiah nan hman thin a ni. Diagnostic test result nghah hi a buaithlak deuh thei. Mahse, eng result pawh ni se, i medical team te chu tanpui turin an awm reng tih hre reng ang che. I test chungchang emaw, result chungchang emaw zawhna zawh hreh suh.

Take-Home Thuchah a ni

Okay, chuvangin kan sawiho atang khan Gram Stain test chungchangah hian ngaihdan tha tak i neih ka beisei. Hriat reng tur pawimawh tak takte chu:

• Gram stain hi bacteria awm leh awm loh leh eng chi nge an nih tih hriat theihna test a ni .
• Hei hian bacteria chu gram-positive emaw gram-negative emaw tiin a thliar hrang a ni. Doctor chu damdawi thlan kawngah a pui thin.
• A rah chhuah chu rang hle mah se, a châng chuan a hmasa ber a ni . Bacteria dik tak hriat theih nan bacteria culture a ngai mai thei.
• He test hi risk lian tham a awm lo.
• Zawhna i neih chuan i doctor zawh pawh hlau ngai suh .

Chuvangin, doctor-in hetiang test nei tura a tih che chuan a pawimawh ber chu i hlauthawng lo va, hei hi i hriselna atana thil pawimawh tak a ni tih hriatthiam hi a ni.

` Gram stain, Gram stain, bacteria, hri kai, Gram positive, Gram negative, laboratory-a test te