Kan thluak boss te tak te: Thalamus chungchang zawng zawng!

Kan thluak chhungah hian thil mak engzat nge thleng tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? Kan thluak hi a takah chuan a buaithlak hle a, taksa peng pawimawh tak a ni. Vawiin hian thluak peng pawimawh tak, kan hriat vak loh pawh a ni mai thei, kan sawi dawn a ni. Chu chu thalamus a ni . A hna chu office-a head secretary ang mai a ni a, rel station lian takah station master ang mai a ni. He thalamus hi eng nge a nih, eng nge a tih, eng thil nge a chunga thil thleng a nih chuan eng nge thleng tih i lo en ang u.

Thalamus chu eng nge ni? A awlsam zawngin i hrethiam ang u!

A awlsam zawngin, i thalamus hi i thluak lai takah chuan egg ang maia awm, a te tak te a ni. A dik tak chuan i thluak chhung thuk takah a awm a ni. Amah chauh a ni lo, a takah chuan thalamuse pahnih a awm a, i thluak hemisphere tinah pakhat a awm.

Khawpui lian takah rel station lian tak pakhat han mitthla teh. Rel zawng zawng chu chutah chuan an thleng a, chutah chuan an kalna tur an thlak leh thin. Chutiang bawkin kan taksa atanga motor leh sensory information zawng zawng – chu chu kan thil hriat te, kan ei leh in te, kan hmuh te, kan khawih (mahse rim ni lo) te hi he thalamus-ah hian a lo thleng hmasa ber a ni. Tichuan thalamus chuan he thu hi hmun dik takah a thawn a, "Okay, hei hi hetah hian a kal tur a ni, chu chu chutah chuan kal tur a ni," tiin cerebral cortex (hei hi kan thluak pawn lam layer a ni a, chutah chuan ngaihtuahna tam tak a thleng thin) ah a thawn a. Chutah chuan chu thu chu kan zirchiang lehzual a, awmzia kan nei ta a ni.

A dik tak chuan thalamus hi kan thluaka information inthlengna tur relay station ang mai a ni.

Thalamus kaltlangin kan taksaah eng nge thleng? A hnathawhte chu engte nge ni?

Thalamasa hna thawh tur hi a tlem lo. A hnathawh tur pawimawh thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Sensory Information Transmission: Kan sawi tawh ang khan kan hriatna panga (rim hriat loh) – hmuh, hriat, ei, khawih – atanga kan dawn zawng zawng hi thalamus kaltlangin nerve impulse angin thluaka thawn chhuah vek a ni. Thalamus chhungah hian heng hriatna tinte tan hian hmun bik a awm a, chu chu nuclei . Heng nuclei te hian information chu an dawng a, an process a, cerebral cortex hmun remchang takah an thawn thin.
• Motor Information: Sensory information ang bawkin kan kut leh ke tihchet leh kal ang chi chetna nena inzawm thuchah te pawh thalamus kaltlangin thluak ah a thawn chhuak thin.
• Ngaihtuahna dah pawimawh ber: Kawngpuiah i kal laiin, lirthei thawm, mipui inbiak, leh a dangte ang chi thil engzat nge vawi khatah i hriat leh hmuh i neih tih han ngaihtuah teh? Heng zawng zawng hi vawi khatah i thluaka lut ta se a buaithlak hle dawn lo em ni? Chutih lai tak chuan thluak chuan, "Tunah hian eng nge pawimawh ber? Eng nge ka ngaihven tur?"
• Consciousness vawn reng: 1.1.Mut hian kan harh leh fimkhur theihna kawngah hmun pawimawh tak a chang a ni.
• Cognition leh memory nena inzawm hnathawh: Thalamus hi kan limbic system nen a inzawm a ni . He limbic system hi kan thluaka thil pawimawh tak a ni a, kan rilru put hmang a thunun a, hriatrengna a siam a, a khawlkhawm a, mipat hmeichhiatna lama tiharhnaah a inrawlh a, zirlai a inrawlh bawk. Chuvangin thalamus pawh hian heng hnathawhnaah hian a thawhhlawk hle.
• Mut leh Harhchhuahna Control: Thalamus hian kan mutna cycle, min mut tir a, min tiharh ang chi thilah pawh a inrawlh bawk.

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, he thluak te tak te hian a rukin kan thil hmuh, kan hriat, kan hriat, kan ngaihtuah leh kan hriatrengna tam takah min pui thin.

Engtin nge thalamus hian hna a thawh?

A awlsam khawp mai. Kan taksa hmun hrang hrang atanga sensory message (i.e. information) te chu nerve fibers -ah a kal a, thluak hmun hrang hrangah a kal a, a tawpah chuan thalamus-ah a thleng ta a ni.

Thalamus chhungah hian specialized areas nuclei an tih te a awm a, chu chu kan sawi tawh ang khan. Heng nuclei tin hian taksa atanga sensory emaw motor message chi hrang hrang processing hna an thawk vek a ni. Chu chu mit atanga thuchah lo chhuak tur nucleus pakhat, beng atanga thuchah lo chhuak tur nucleus dang tihna a ni. Heng nuclei te hian an information dawn chu an thlang a , chu chu nerve fiber dik tak kaltlangin cerebral cortex hmun remchang takah an thawn thin Chutah chuan thu hriatte dik taka kan hriatthiam a, kan chhanna chu a ni.

Entîr nân, pangpar mawi tak i hmuh angin han mitthla teh. Chu êng chu i mitah a lut a, chuta tang chuan chu information chu optic nerve kaltlangin thalamus-a visual nucleus (``Lateral Geniculate Nucleus'')-ah a kal a ni. Chutah chuan information chu process a ni a, thluak visual cortex-ah thawn a ni. Chutah chuan, "Wow, hei hi pangpar mawi tak a ni," tih i hrechhuak ta a ni.

Thalamus hi khawiah nge a awm?

Kan sawi tawh ang khan thalamus hi thluak lairil thuk takah a awm a. A dik tak chuan brainstem (thluak leh spinal cord inzawmkhawmna hmun) chunglam chiah a ni. Thilsiam pakhat ang maia lang mah se, a takah chuan thalamuse pahnih a awm a, pakhat chu thluak dinglamah leh pakhat chu veilam a ni.

Chutiang hmun lai takah a awm avângin, bicycle wheel spoke-te chu center hub aṭanga wheel hmun zawng zawng thlenga a inzar pharh ang bawkin, thalamus aṭanga nerve fiber-te chu thluak cerebral cortex hmun tinah te chuan an inzawm a ni.

Damdawi lam hawi chuan thalamus hi diencephalon -a tel a ni a, chutah chuan hypothalamus , subthalamus, leh epithalamus te pawh a tel a ni.

Thalamus a chhiat chuan eng nge thleng ang?

Tunah chuan thalamus hi a pawimawh zia leh hna a thawh tam zia i hrethiam ta. Chuvângin, chutiang hmunpui lian takah thil engemaw a thleng a nih chuan eng ang harsatna nge lo awm theih ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. Dik tak chuan thalamus chhiatna hian hnathawh tam tak a nghawng thei a ni.

Thalamus a chhiat huna a lan chhuah theih dan:

• Hriatrengna hloh (Amnesia): Thil thar hriat reng harsa i ti thei a, thil hlui i theihnghilh thei bawk.
• Apathy: Tûn hmaa i hlim ṭhin thilte chu i ngaihven tawh lo mai thei.
• Ṭawng hriatthiam harsa (Aphasia): Thusawi hriatthiam harsa, sentence inzawmkhawm siam theih lohna, leh a chang chuan thumal slurring.
• Ngaihtuahna vawn harsat, harh theih lohna: Thil pakhat chauh ngaihtuah a harsa a, mutthilh reng reng i nei thei bawk.
• Sensory information process harsa: Thil khawih, natna, leh temperature te hi a dik lo thei a, thil mak tak a ni thei bawk.
• Movement disorders: I balance hloh a, i khur a, i kal harsa thei bawk.
• Mutthilh fo: I mutthilh lutuk thei a, nitin pawh.
• Chronic pain: Taksa sir khatah kangmei chhuak nen natna nasa tak a awm a, a bik takin Thalamic Pain Syndrome an tih dinhmunah chuan.

Thalamus chhiatna avanga natna khirh tak tak lo awm thei:

• Hriat lohna leh coma.
• Mut lama harsatna: Mut theih lohna ang chi dinhmun . A tlem berah chuan Fatal Familial Insomnia tih hming pu genetic condition hian mut a tichhe vek thei a, thihna thlengin a thlen thei bawk.
• Thalamic aphasia: Thumal a slurred a, thusawi awmzia a nei lo.
• Movement disorders: Thinrimna ang chi thil.
• Natna natna (pain syndromes) a awm.
• Mit lama harsatna: thil hmuh theih loh, êng laka sensitivity tihpun ang chi.

Thallus chhiatna thlentu ber berte chu:

• Stroke to the thalamus: Thalamus hi thluaka thisen petu thisen kalna kawng a block emaw, a rupture emaw vangin a chhe thei a ni.
• Thluaka tumor: Thluak hnaihah thluaka tumor a lo awm chuan thluak a nawr a, chhiatna a thlen thei a ni.

Thalamus tichhe thei dinhmun bikte chu engte nge ni?

Damdawi lam thil thenkhat chu direct-in spleen a nghawng a, a tichhe thei bawk. Chung zinga ṭhenkhat chu:

• Fatal Familial Insomnia: Hei hi genetic disease hmuh tur awm lo tak a ni a, kan sawi tawh ang khan. Protein chi khat Prion tih a chhiatna avanga lo awm a ni. He natna vei te hian zawi zawiin an mut a hloh thin. Chutih rual chuan lungkhamna, lungngaihna, hlauhna, leh thil hmuh theih loh (hallucination) te an nei tan bawk. A tâwpah chuan ei duhna hloh te, taksa rihna tlahniam te, dementia te, tawng thiam lohna te an nei a, chu chuan thihna a thlen a ni. Hei hi dinhmun lungchhiatthlak tak a ni.
• Creutzfeldt-Jacob natna leh Fabry natna: Heng natna pahnihah hian MRI scan-ah chuan thalamus hnunglam density a inthlak danglam tih hmuhchhuah a ni. Hei hi ``Pulvinar sign'' an ti a, hei hi heng natnate hriat theihna tura puitu chhinchhiahna a ni.
• Korsakoff syndrome: Hei hi zu in nasa tak takte a nghawng ber a ni. Thluaka thil awm, thalamus nena inzawm , mammillothalamic fasciculus , tih chu a tichhia a ni. Hei hian hriatrengnaah nghawng lian tak a nei thei a ni.

Thalamus target-a enkawlna a awm em?

Ni e, a then phei chuan enkawlna chu thalamus lam hawi a ni. Entirnan, Parkinson natna vei, damdawi hmanga control tha tawk lo tan chuan Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) tih damdawi hmangin thalamus Ventral Intermediate Nucleus chu target turin an hmang thin. Hei hian Parkinson natna lanchhuahna, khur ang chi te chu a thunun thei a ni.

Kan hriat reng tur pawimawh ber berte

Chuvangin, he thalamus kan sawi tak hi kan thluaka hnathawktu ngawi reng, mahse chak tak a ni.

Kan taksa atanga thluak dang zawng zawnga sensory (smell) leh motor message thehdarhtu main center a ni. Post office lian tak ang mai a ni!

• Kan hmuhna, hriatna, thlum leh khawih hriatnate hmanga hnathawh \ha turin min pui \hin.
• Kan insawn hian thuchah kaihhnawih a keng tel thin.
• Kan ngaihtuahna, hriatna, mut, hriatrengna, leh rilru natna ang chi thilte nen pawh inzawmna a nei bawk.

Chuvangin thalamus-ah hian chhiatna eng emaw a awm chuan kan nunah thil tam tak a nghawng thei a ni. He thuziaka tarlan ang chi natna lan chhuahna i neih nia i hriat chuan damdawi lam thurawn la rawh . A chhan chu a chhan zawng chhuakin a rang thei ang bera enkawl a pawimawh em avangin.

Thalamus hi taksa peng mak tak a ni tak zet a ni lawm ni? Kan taksa peng tenau tin hian hna pawimawh engzat nge an thawh tih ngaihtuah chuan mak a ti hle!

` Thalamus, thluak, nervous system, hriatna, chetna, hriatrengna, mut, thluak natna