Tuberculosis (TB) chungchangah pawh i buai em? Lo kal rawh, TB Test chungchang hi han sawi teh ang!

Tuberculosis, a nih loh leh kan hriat vek angin TB hi mi tam takin an lo hriat tawh a ni a, a hlauhawm deuh bawk. Chuvangin, he TB test hi he natna hi i vei em tih hriat nan test a ni. A dik zawka sawi chuan TB thlentu bacteria, chu chu hrik `(Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex)` chu i taksaah a lut em tih a enfiah thin. Hemi chungchang hi tlem han sawi ila, a tha em?

TB test chi eng chi nge awm?

Tunah en teh, TB test hi chi hnih lian tak a awm. Hengte pawh hi i hre tawh ngei ang.

1. Skin Test: Hei hi ``Mantoux test'' emaw ``tuberculin skin test (TST)'' emaw an ti bawk. Hei hi test hman tlanglawn ber a ni a, a bik takin naupang kum 5 hnuai lam tan a ni.

2. Thisen Test: Hei hi ``Interferon-Gamma Release Assay - IGRA'' an ti a. He thisen test hi hman a ni nasa hle a, a bik takin healthcare worker te, immune system chak lo (i.e. taksain natna do theihna tlem zawk nei te), emaw damdawi thenkhat avanga immune system chak lo te tan te hman a ni.

Mahse hetah hian thil pawimawh tak i hriat reng a ngai a ni. Heng test pahnih zinga pakhat emaw hian i taksaah TB hrik i nei tawh em tih chauh a hrilh che a ni. Chu chu, heng test-te hian i taksaah hrik chu a muhil (latent) em tih leh active (active) a nih leh nih loh leh natna thlentu a nih leh nih loh chu direct-in a hre thei lo tihna a ni. Active TB i neih leh neih loh hriat chian nan test dang, chest X-ray leh sputum test te i tih a ngai dawn a ni.

He TB test hi tute nge tih ngai?

Tunah chuan, "Kei pawhin hetiang hi ka tih a ngai em?" Doctor-te chuan a hnuaia thil awm danah hian TB test neih an rawt tlangpui:

• Active TB disease symptoms i neih chuan (e.g. khuh chhunzawm zel, rilru na, tlai lama khawsik lo thleng, taksa rihna tlahniam, hahna).
• TB vei theihna hlauhawm tak i nih chuan , hei hian a awmzia chu:
• Healthcare worker (damlo nena inpawh fo thin, doctor emaw nurse emaw ang chi) i nih chuan.
• TB vei tamna hmun, dormitory, nursing home, emaw, lung inah emaw i awm emaw, hnathawh emaw i nih chuan.
• Tun hnaia TB vei active tak nen in inzawmna nghet tak i neih chuan .
• I taksa chak lohna i neih chuan, natna dang emaw, damdawi i ei vang emaw a ni thei.
• Tun hnaia TB vei tamna ram (e.g., Asia ram thenkhat, Africa ram thenkhat) i tlawh tawh a nih chuan chutiang ram i tlawh tawh chuan i doctor hnenah i hrilh ngei tur a ni.
• A chang chuan hna thar i thawh dawnin (a bik takin naupang enkawlna hmun leh damdawi in ang hmunah te), he TB test hi tih tir i ngai thin.

TB test vawi engzat nge ka tih ang?

Hei hi mi tin tan a inang lo. Tuberculosis vei theihna risk i neih zat ah a innghat.

• Risk sang tak i nih chuan (a chunga kan sawi tawh ang khan) i doctor chuan kum khatah vawi khat tal he test hi neih tir che a rawt mai thei.
• If your risk is low , kum engemaw zat chhungin vawi khat chauh hetiang hi i tih a ngai mai thei.

Mahse, hemi chungchanga thurawn tha ber chu i chhungkaw doctor hnen atangin a ni a, chuvangin amah zawh hi a finthlak hle ang .

Heng TB test te hian engtin nge hna an thawh? A awlsam hle mai!

He vun test, a nih loh leh thisen test hian i immune system hian tuberculosis thlentu bacteria (``Mycobacterium tuberculosis'') atanga hmun bik (hengte hi ``antigens'' kan ti a - ``antigens'' kan tih hi kan taksain a hriat loh thil eng pawh a ni a, chuvangin a do let tum) atanga a chhan dan a en mai a ni. Hmelma a rawn hnaih chuan kan taksa invennain vaukhânna a ri ang mai a ni.

TB Skin Test Hnathawh Dan

Hei hi a ni:

Doctor emaw trained nurse emaw chuan Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria atanga siam special protein solution (PPD - purified protein derivative an tih) tlemte chauh, i kut hmalam vun hnuaiah a inject ang.

Hetah hian hlauh tur a awm lo! He `(PPD)` hi bacteria nung a ni lo. Chuvangin TB vei a thlen lovang.

Chuvangin, TB hrik hi i lo tawk tawh a nih chuan i vun hian he ``(PPD)'' hi a chhang ang. Ni hnih atanga ni thum chhungin damdawi an injectna hmun chu a sen ang a, a khauh deuh ang a, hnah tlem a lo lang ang.

TB Thisen Test Hnathawh Dan

Hei hi a ni:

Thisen sample lak a ni a, lab-ah thawn a ni. Lab-ah chuan i thisen a thisen var (white hi kan taksaa natna dotu an ni) thenkhat chu a chunga kan sawi tak `(antigens)` te nen hian bacteria `Mycobacterium tuberculosis` atanga lo chhuak te nen an inhmeh a.

TB i vei tawh a nih chuan i thisen var (white blood cells) hian protein bik interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) an tih chu a chhuah chhuak thin.

Lab staff te chuan he reaction hi ``immunoassay'' an tih dan bik hmangin an teh thin a, chutah chuan result chu ``negative'' (infection a awm lo tihna), ``positive'' (infection a awm thei tihna), emaw ``indeterminate'' (result chu chiang lo leh chiang lo tihna) tiin report a ni.

Test neih chhung hian eng nge beisei tur?

Heng test pahnih tih dan hi a danglam deuh hlek a. Engtin nge a kal zel dawn tih i lo en ang u.

TB vun test tih dan tur

He vun test atan hian doctor emaw nurse emaw vawi hnih, vawi thum pawh i pan a ngai dawn a ni.

Tlawh hmasak ber:

• Doctor emaw nurse emaw chuan i kut hmalam (elbow hnuai lam, chhung lam) vun chu uluk takin a tifai ang.
• Tichuan, ``(tuberculin)`` emaw ``(PPD)`` liquid emaw chu vun hnuaiah needle te tak te hmangin an inject a.
• A châng chuan doctor chuan injection an siamna hmunah chuan pen hmangin circle a siam ang. Hei hian ni hnih khat hnuah a hmun chu i en chuan hmuh a awlsam phah ang.
• Damdawi injectna hmunah hian blister te tak te a lo lang ang. Darkar tlemte hnuah a mah chauhin a bo tawh ang. Thil ngaihtuah tur a awm lo.

Tichuan darkar 48 atanga 72 chhung chiah (chu chu ni hnih atanga ni thum chhungin) lo kal leh turin an hrilh ang che. Hei hi damdawi inject na hmuna vun hian eng ang reaction nge a neih tih hriat nan a ni. Chutah chuan a hring, a sen emaw, a hring emaw a awm chuan TB natna a ni tih a tilang thei.

Tun vawi hnihnaah hian a hun taka kal a pawimawh hle mai! A chhan chu darkar 72 chiah chhunga i kal loh chuan test pumpui i tih leh a ngai mai thei. Chuvangin a hun taka kal chu hre reng ang che.

Thil dang chu, taksa hriselna chak lo tak tak nei, emaw, vun natna thenkhat nei tan chuan he vun test result hi a dik vak lo thei a, a rintlak vak lo thei bawk.

TB thisen test tih dan tur

Hei hi thisen pek dan pangngai a ni.

• Chair-a i thut lai hian phlebotomist (phlebotomist an ti bawk) chuan i kut ah thisen lak awlsamna vein a zawng ang. Hei hi elbow chunglam chiah, i kut chhungah tih thin a ni tlangpui.
• Vein hmuh a nih chuan a hmun chu uluk takin a tifai thin.
• Tichuan, zungbun te tak te chu vein pakhatah thun a, thisen tlem te te chu lakchhuah a ni. Hetih lai hian, rulhut-in a seh ang maiin, hliam na tak i nei ang.
• Neidu an dah hnuah test tube-ah thisen tlem an la khawm a.
• Test nana thisen mamawh zat an lak hnuah a zung (needle) chu la chhuakin, a hmun chu cotton emaw gauze emaw hmangin rei vak lo an press a, plaster an hnawih a ni. Chu chu a ni ta!
• Heng zawng zawng hi minute 5 aia rei lo a ni tlangpui.

Thisen sample lak a nih hnuah lab-ah test turin an thawn leh thin. Results a luh veleh i doctor chuan a hrilhfiah ang che.

TB test hian a ti na em?

Hei hi mi tam takin an hlauh em em a ni.

• Skin test leh thisen test lai hian needle-in vun a rawn deng chuan sting (ant stinging ang mai) i nei thei. Mahse second tlemte chauh a daih.
• Skin test neih chhung hian vun hnuaia tui inject avang hian kang leh harsatna dang a awm lo.

Heng TB test te hian side effect a nei em?

Hei pawh hi mi tam takin an zawh thin a ni. Vanneihthlak takin heng TB test atanga side effect na tak tak a awm hi a tlem hle.

• Skin test atan: Mi thenkhat chuan needle an dah laiin a stinging sensation tlem an neih bakah hian injection na hmunah hian a rawng a danglam deuh a, a hring deuh a, a hring deuh bawk. Chungte chu ni engemaw zat chhungin a reh tlangpui.
• Thisen test atan chuan:Thisen lakna hmun chu a na deuh thei a, a sen deuh pawh a ni thei. Hei hi ni khat emaw ni hnih emaw hnuah a pangngaiin a kir leh ang.

TB test result chu eng nge ni?

Okay, tunah chuan heng test result hi eng nge ni a, eng nge an sawi tih i en ang u.

A rah chhuah chu `negative` ("ni lo" tihna) emaw `positive` ("ni" tihna) emaw pawh a ni thei.

Hriat reng tur pawimawh tak chu hei hi a ni: Heng test-ah hian TB hrik i kai tawh em tih chauh a lang a, chu chu i taksaah a lut tihna a ni. Active disease nge latent disease tih an hre thei lo.

Thil dang pakhat chu, naupan laia BCG vaccine (tuberculosis laka invenna vaccine) i lo ei tawh a nih chuan, a chang chuan vun test result chu dik lo takin a positive thei a ni. Hei hi false-positive result an ti a. Chuvangin BCG vaccine i lo ei tawh a nih chuan i doctor hnenah hrilh rawh .

TB test a positive a nih chuan engtin nge ni ang?

I TB test result `positive` a lo lang leh a nih chuan TB thlentu bacteria i kai a nih a rinawm ber tihna a ni .

Hetih lai hian i doctor chuan TB infection active emaw dormant emaw i neih leh neih loh hriat nan test engemaw zat a ti leh ang. Heng test dang te hi chest X-ray leh sputum sample te pawh a ni thei. Heta sputum hi rilru atanga chhuak mucus pangngai ni lovin, lung atanga chhuak mucus thick tak a ni.

A pawimawh ber chu, latent TB emaw active TB emaw i nei emaw, a enkawlna i lak a ngai tak zet a ni.

TB test a negative a nih chuan engtin nge ni ang?

I TB test result `negative` a nih chuan TB bacteria i la kai lo tihna a ni ber . Skin test-ah chuan `negative` tih hian damdawi injectna hmunah vun reaction (redness, swelling) a awm lo tihna a ni.

Mahse, a chang chuan a result `negative` pawh ni se, TB natna lanchhuahna (khuh, khawsik ang chi) i neih chuan i doctor chuan a chhui belh thei a ni.

Engtikah nge TB test report ka hriat ang?

• Skin test hi darkar 48 leh 72 inkar vel a ni. Chuvangin, a vawi hnihna atana doctor i kal hunah chuan doctor chuan i vunah i vunah a reaction enin TB natna i neih leh neih loh chu a hrilh nghal thei ang che.
• Thisen test nana report hi ni khat atanga ni hnih chhungin a awm tlangpui. Mahse, a chang chuan lab hnathawh dan azirin rei vak lo a la ngai thei.

TB test positive chu eng ang nge a nih (vun test-ah)?

Skin test-a result ``positive`` a nih chuan damdawi injectna hmun chu a khauh a, red bump ang mai a ni tihna a ni. Doctor chuan bump induration chu millimeter-in a teh thin.

Hetah hian doctor chuan i risk factor dangte (e.g., healthcare worker i nih leh nih loh emaw, immune system chak lo i neih leh neih loh emaw) a ngaihtuah ang a, a result chu a hre thei ang. A tlangpuiin, test hi heng range chhunga a awm chuan `positive` anga ngaih a ni:

• 5 millimeter (`mm`) aia tam a nih chuan taksa hriselna a chak lo (e.g., HIV vei, taksa peng dang thlak tawh, damdawi thenkhat ei thin).
• 10 millimeter (`mm`) aia tlem a nih chuan healthcare worker i ni emaw, TB vei tamna ram atanga tun hnaia lo haw emaw, injectable drugs dawng emaw, naupang kum 4 hnuai lam emaw i ni.
• 15 millimeter (`mm`) aia tlem lo a nih chuan TB vei theihna tur risk factor dang bik i nei lo.

Darkar 48-72 hnuah i kut ah a hring leh a sen tih i hmu a, i rilruin, "Aw, hei hi positive/negative a ni ngei ang," tih i ngaihtuah a nih pawhin , doctor pan a, entir chu a la pawimawh hle. Doctor chu a en chiang ang a, a teh ang a, a result dik tak chu eng nge ni tih a rel ang a, a document ang.

Engtikah nge ka doctor nen TB chungchang hi ka sawipui ang?

Heng thilte hi tlem tal i fimkhur a ngai a ni:

• Tuberculosis symptoms i neih chuan (e.g., khuh kar hnih aia rei, a chang chuan phlegm-ah thisen awm, rilru na, thawk harsa, tlai lama khawsik lo thleng, zan lama thawk hah, taksa rihna tlahniam, ei duh lohna, hah lutuk ),
• A nih loh leh TB vei active tak nen in inzawm tlat nia i ngaih chuan , .

Doctor hmuh a, a rang thei ang bera, tihkhawtlai loha thurawn lak a pawimawh hle.

Tuberculosis hi a enkawl that loh chuan thihna thlen thei natna a ni. Mahse, a tha ber chu, antibiotics hi a tih ang chiah chiah, hun dik taka i ei chuan TB vei tam zawk hi a dam vek thei a ni.

Active TB emaw latent TB emaw i nei emaw, an pahnih hian enkawl a ngai a ni. Amaherawhchu, damdawi chi hrang hrang pek dan leh damdawi pek hun chhung hi heng pahnihah hian a inang lo.

Take-Home Thuchah hnuhnung ber

Okay, kan sawi tak atang hian hengte hi kan ngaihtuah reng tur pawimawh ber berte chu an ni:

• TB test hi kan ramah leh khawvel hmun hrang hrangah mipui hriselna atan a pawimawh hle a, natna hi a hmaa hriatchhuah a, a darh dan tur thunun theihna a nih avangin.
• Tuberculosis hi thihna thlen thei a ni a, boruak kaltlangin mi pakhat atanga mi dangah awlsam takin a darh thei a ni. Chuvangin, symptoms i neih chuan, emaw, high-risk group-ah i awm a nih chuan, test neih hi a finthlak hle.
• Test result a lo luh veleh i doctor chuan i tih tur leh test tam zawk neih a ngai leh mamawh loh a hrilh ang che.
• Engmah hlau suh. Zawhna emaw rinhlelhna emaw i neih chuan doctor hnenah zawt rawh. Doctor leh nurse te chu tanpui turin an awm reng a ni. Engkim an hrilhfiah ang che.

Hrisel taka awm a pawimawh!

` Tuberculosis, TB test, TB test, Mantoux test, TST, IGRA, TB symptoms, TB enkawl dan, PPD, Interferon-Gamma Release Assay