Thluak black matter (Substantia Nigra) chungchanga hriat tur thilte!

I taksa chetna te, i kal dan te, i kut leh ke i chet dan te hi engtin nge a thunun theih tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? Heng zawng zawng hi kan thluak hmun tenau tak, mahse pawimawh tak nen a inzawm tlat a ni. Chu hmun chu Substantia Nigra tih mai a ni. Vawiin hian he part mak tak hi kan sawi dawn a ni.

Chuti a nih chuan, Substantia Nigra hi engtin nge a awm?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, he substantia nigra an tih hi i thluaka ‘Basal Ganglia’ system-a tel a ni. A dik tak chuan hei hian i chetna leh i taksa ruh (muscle tone) control-na a puitu a ni. A chhan ber chu substantia nigra hian chemical pawimawh tak dopamine tih a siam chhuak a ni . He dopamine hi kan thluaka palai ang mai a ni. He substantia nigra hi a bulpui ber pahnih a awm a. An hnathawh dan pawh a inang lo deuh a.

1. SN pars reticulata tih a ni

He part hi i mit che vel control-naah a inrawlh ber a, thil thar zir leh ngaihtuahna i neih theihnaah pawh a inrawlh ber bawk. Hemi hmuna thluak cell-ah hian chemical pakhat gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) tih a awm a. GABA hian thluak cell-te thil tul lo taka hnathawh tihtlem hmangin hna a thawk a ni. Chu chu thluak hian taksa peng hrang hranga signal tul lo a thawn chhuah loh nan a pui tihna a ni. Hei hi traffic police-in a tul lova lirthei a titawp ang mai a ni.

2. SN pars compacta a ni

Hemi hmuna neurons, a nih loh leh nerve cells te hi a hmaa kan sawi tawh ang khan chemical dopamine tamna hmun a ni. Chuvangin, he part hi thil tam takah a inrawlh a, chu chu i rilru put hmang te, i zir theihna te, risk leh lawmman i rel dan te, leh i chêttîrtute hi a ni. Dopamine tlahniam hi Parkinson natna ang chi natna thlentu ber a ni .

Chuti a nih chuan, khawiah nge Substantia Nigra hi a awm?

He substantia nigra (SN) an tih hi i thluak lai takah a awm a, chu chu midbrain an ti a ni. A hming ang ngeiin i thluak lai takah a awm a. A dik zawka sawi chuan, thluak zung (brainstem) chunglam deuhah a awm a, lu leh kawr inzawmna leh ruhro (spinal cord) intanna hmun bulah a awm a ni. ‘Substantia nigra’ kan ti a, mahse a takah chuan i thluak hmun hnih a awm a. Midbrain sir lehlamah an awm a. Part tin hian a hmaa kan sawi tawh, pars reticulata (SN pars reticulata) leh pars compacta (SN pars compacta) tih te a keng tel a ni. Heng pahnih hi an inzawm khawm chuan ‘substantia nigra’ (substantiae nigrae) an ti a.

Hei hi eng ang nge a nih? Eng rawng nge ni? A lian em?

I hmu em, Substantia Nigra tih hming hi Latin tawng atanga lo chhuak a ni. A awmzia chu ‘black substance’ tihna a ni. A chhan chu i thluak dang zawng zawng chu pinkish gray hring a nih tlangpui laiin, he Substantia Nigra an tih hi a dum zawk hle. A dik zawka sawi chuan, black band ang mai a ni a, tissue rawng hring hring in a hual vel a ni. A chhan chu he hmuna thluak cell te hian chemical pakhat Melanin an tih vang a ni . I hria em, Melanin hi kan vun cell ah pawh a awm a. Ni chhuahnaah hian he Melanin avang hian kan vun a rawn sen (tan) thin. Engtiang chiahin nge a lian tih i zawt a nih chuan a takah chuan a tlem hle. Chutiang substantia nigras 25 vel chu golf ball pangngai chhungah i dah thei ang tih han ngaihtuah teh! Chutiang khawpa te chu a ni. Thil dang pakhat chu, basal ganglia-a tel ni mahse, substantia nigra (SN) hi ganglion a ni lo. It’s a nucleus , chu chu nervous system-a thil awm, thil inang ti thei, emaw, inzawmna chi khat nei cell pawl khat awmna a ni.

Substantia Nigra hi eng atanga siam nge ni?

I basal ganglia, substantia nigra te pawh hi cell chi hnih lian tak atanga siam a ni. An chanchin chipchiar takin sawi ila.

• Neurons : Hengte hi i thluak leh nervous system-a cell awmte an ni. Signal thawn chhuaktu leh thawn chhuaktu an ni. Chemical emaw electric emaw hmangin signal an transfer thei a ni.
• Glial cells: Hengte hi nervous system-a helper cells ang an ni. Nerve signal direct-a thawn chhuak lo mah se, chutiang hna thawktu neurons te chu an pui a ni.

Neurons chungchang tlem a ni

Neurons hi cell chi khat, electrical leh chemical signal hmanga i nervous system kaltlangin thuchah thawn leh dawngtu a ni. Neuron hian hengte hi a nei a:

• Cell taksa: Hei hi cell peng ber a ni.
• Axon: Hei hi cell taksa atanga inzar pharh, kut ang maia sei tak a ni. Axon tawp lamah chuan kut zungtang ang maia sei tak tak engemaw zat a awm a. Hei hi neuron atanga electrical signal lo chhuak chu chemical signal ah a inthlakna hmun a ni. Heng kut zungtang ang chite hi synapse an ti bawk. Hengte hi neuron chu a bul hnaia nerve cell dangte nena inzawmna hmun a ni .
• Dendrites: Hengte hi cell taksaa thinghnah ang chi te tak te te an ni (a hming hi Latin tawng atanga lo chhuak a ni a, a awmzia chu ‘thing ang’ tihna a ni). Dendrites hian neuron dang a synapse atang hian chemical signal an dawng thin.
• Myelin ( .Myelin : Hei hi neuron axon vel, thau hring, thau tak a ni. Venghimtu khuhna angin a thawk a ni.

Neuronal connection hi a buaithlak hle. Neuron pakhata dendrite te hian synapse dang sang tam tak nen an inzawm thei a ni. Neuron thenkhat chu a sei a, thenkhat chu a tawi bawk. Hei hi taksaa an awmna hmun leh eng hna nge an thawh tih a innghat a ni.

Glial cells hi eng nge ni?

Glial cell hian thil chi hrang hrang a ti nasa hle. I naupan laiin neurons te chu an lo thang lian a, an lo thang lian a, i dam chhung zawnga neurons hnathawh dan tur an enkawl bawk. Tin, i nervous system chu natna laka an venghim a, i nervous system chemical balance an tidanglam a, i axons vel myelin sheath an siam bawk. I hria em? I nervous system-ah hian neuron aiin glial cell a let sawm velin a tam zawk!

Substantia Nigra natna tlanglawn tak takte chu engte nge ni?

Substantia Nigra hi natna leh dinhmun eng emaw zat a awm a. Chung zinga ṭhenkhat chu:

• Alzheimer natna a ni
• Thluak natna (brain tumor) a awm
• Lu hliam , a bik takin thluak hliam na tak tak, concussion ang chi
• Thil tha lo emaw, Trichlorethylene (TCE) ang chi toxin emaw nena inzawmna .
• Infection (a bik takin thluak inflammation thlentu infection, encephalitis ang chi ) .
• Inflammatory emaw autoimmune emaw, lupus ang chi te
• Huntington -a natna ang chi inherited conditions
• Lewy taksa lam natna (dementia) a awm
• System tam tak atrophy a awm
• Parkinson natna - Hei hi Substantia Nigra nena inzawm natna sawi hlawh ber a ni a, a chhan chu he natnaah hian dopamine siamtu cell te chu a chhe vek a ni.
• Supranuclear palsy a lo awm chho zel
• Thai
• Wilson natna a ni

Substantia Nigra nena inzawm natna lan chhuah dan tlangpui chu engte nge ni?

Basal ganglia system, a nih loh leh substantia nigra tichhe thei natna lan chhuah dan hi natna chi hrang hrangah a innghat nasa hle. Mahse, a lan chhuah dan tlangpui thenkhat chu:

• Balance leh coordination lama harsatna awm thei
• Muscle chak lohna leh spasm te
• Shakiness leh tremors te
• Thil ngaihtuah, ngaihtuahna emaw buaina chinfel danah harsatna
• Mit che vel control harsat, mit lama harsatna thlentu

Chutiang dinhmun hriat theih nan eng test nge tih thin?

I thluak nghawng thei dinhmun, substantia nigra emaw hriat theihna tur test engemaw zat a awm. Test hman tlanglawn ber berte chu:

• Thisen test: Hengte hian thil chi hrang hrang, immune system lama harsatna atanga toxin leh poison, a bik takin metals copper, mercury leh lead te taksaah a lut em tih thlengin a hriat theih.
• Computer hmanga tomography (CT) hmanga tihchhuah a ni
• Evoked potentials (sensory test) hmanga thil tih theihna (sensory tests) te .
• Genetic testing neih a ni
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hmanga enfiah a ni
• Positron emission tomography (PET) hmanga tihchhuah a ni
• Single-photon emission hmanga computed tomography (SPECT scan) hmanga tihchhuah a ni.

Substantia Nigra nena inzawm natna enkawlna tur engte nge ni?

Substantia nigra tichhe thei dinhmun tam tak a awm avangin enkawl dan pawh a inang lo hle. I enkawlna chi hrang hrang chu i dinhmun a innghat vek a ni. A chang chuan heng natna te hi damdawi hmangin enkawl theih a ni . Thil dang dangah chuan operation a ngai thei bawk . Thil engemaw chu tihdam vek theih a nih laiin, ṭhenkhat erawh chuan enkawlna an dawng lo thei. Thil awmdan pakhat chu tihdam kim theih lohna hmunah chuan a natna lan chhuah dan control hi a tha ber tlangpui .

Ka Substantia Nigra humhim turin eng nge ka tih theih ang?

I thluak nghawng thei dinhmun tam tak, a nih loh leh substantia nigra hi ven theih emaw, a tlem berah chuan tihkhawtlai theih emaw a ni. Mahse, Parkinson natna a niNatna \henkhat, zunthlum ang chite hi beisei loh taka lo awm a nih avangin ven a harsa hle. Mahse, i tih theih pawimawh tak tak thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Ei leh in inthlau tak ei rawh. I ei tur hian i thisen kalna hriselna leh i rihna a nghawng a ni. Heng pahnih hi i thluak hriselna nen a inzawm tlat a ni.
• Taksa tihchak fo la, taksa rihna hrisel tak vawng reng rawh. I rihna leh i activity level hian thluak tibuaitu natna, a bik takin thisen sang emaw stroke emaw a veng thei a, a tikhawtlai thei bawk.
• A tul hunah invenna hmanrua bun thin ang che. Lu hliam, a bik takin concussion leh traumatic brain injuries dangte hian thluak a tichhia thei a ni. A chhiatna chu a chang chuan a awm reng thei bawk. Chuvangin thluak hliam laka invenna hmanrua bun a pawimawh a, hnathawhna hmunah leh chawlh hahdam lai pawhin a pawimawh hle.
• I natna khirh tak takte chu enkawl rawh. Thluak leh nervous system tichhe thei dinhmun tam tak chu hun kal zelah a na zual zel a ni. Heng natna khirh tak takte hi uluk taka enkawl hian an kal zelna a tikhawlo thei a, natna lanchhuahnain nghawng a neih pawh a ti tlem thei bawk.

Take-Home Thuchah hnuhnung ber

Kan hmuh angin substantia nigra hi kan thluak peng te tak te tak a ni a, mahse hna pawimawh tak a thawk a ni. Mithiamten an la zir nasa viau nachungin, kan hre tawh hle. Kan thluak electrical leh chemical signaling system-a thil pawimawh tak a ni. Kan chetna, kan mit hmuhna leh thil dang tam tak inrem taka siam turin a pui bawk.

I thluak hriselna hi i hriselna zawng zawng atan a pawimawh hle tih hre reng ang che. Chuvangin, i thluak enkawl a, nun hrisel zawm hi theihnghilh ngai suh.

Technology a lo thang chho zel a, damdawi lam zirchianna a lo thang chho zel a, Substantia Nigra chhungril hnathawh dan leh a nghawng thei natna enkawl dan tur kan zir belh dawn a ni. Chuvangin, beiseina neih a pawimawh!

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Substantia Nigra, Thluak, Dopamine, Parkinson natna, Incheina, Nervous System