I naute kawr hnung lama tui entu scan: Nuchal Translucency chungchang zawng zawng!

Nu ni tur i nih chuan i doctor chuan he scan `Nuchal Translucency` an tih hi a hrilh che a ni mai thei. I thianpa hnen atangin pawh i hre tawh mai thei. He scan hi eng nge ni tak tak? Eng nge a zawn? Tih tir a ngai em? Hetiang zawhna hi i nei tam ngei ang. Ngaihtuah buai suh, i hriatthiam theih turin awlsam takin engkim kan sawifiah ang.

Nuchal Translucency hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, nuchal translucency chu i naupai kum thum chhunga ultrasound scan bik tih a ni. A bul berah chuan i naute kawr hnung lama vun hnuaia amniotic fluid thickness , emaw fluid awm zat emaw a en thin. Naute tin hian an kawr hnung lamah amniotic fluid tlemte an nei a, chu chu a pangngai vek tih i hria em ?

Mahse, he tui awm zat tehna hmang hian doctor-te chuan naute hian chromosomal condition engemaw zat emaw, genetic change emaw a neih theihna tur ngaihtuahna an nei thei a ni .

A pawimawh ber chu he ``NT`` scan hi screening test chauh a ni . Chu chu naute chu engmah natna nei lovin a hmuchhuak lo tihna a ni. Naute chu a hlauhawm em tih leh a hlauhawm a nih chuan test dang neih belh a ngai em tih chu i doctor-in a rel thei chauh a ni. Hrethiam e?

He scan hi eng ang nge a nih?

Okay, tunah chuan he `nuchal translucency' scan hian eng chiah nge a en tih kan en ang. He scan hmang hian doctor chuan naute kawr hnung lama `nuchal fold' an tih hmun chu a en a. Ka sawi tawh ang khan naute tin hian an kawr hnung lamah tui an nei vek a. Doctor-te chuan naute chromosomal emaw genetic condition engemaw zat nei te chu an kawr chhungah hian tui a tam zawk thei tih an hmuchhuak a.

Eng ang dinhmun nge risk a awm leh awm loh en turin i en?

A kawr hnung lama tui awm zat chu a tlangpui aia tam a nih chuan naute chu hetiang dinhmun nei thei tura hlauhawm a nihzia a tilang thei a ni:

• Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) : Hei hi i hre tawh mai thei. Hei hi `NT` scan-in a ngaih pawimawh ber condition chu a ni.
• Patau natna (Trisomy 13) natna hrik (Trisomy 13) .
• Edwards natna (Edwards natna - Trisomy 18) 19. A rilru a hah lutuk chuan a rilru a buai em em a.

Hengte hi chromosomal abnormalities zawng zawng berte an ni. Tin, `NT` value sang hi congenital heart condition thenkhat nen pawh a inzawm thei bawk., chu chu pianpui thinlung lama harsatna engemaw zat neih theihna a tipung thei bawk tihna a ni. Chuvangin, `NT` scan result hian naute hian heng natna hi a nei tam zawk nge a neih tlem zawk tih ngaihtuahna rough tak a pe thei a ni.

Thil dang chu he ``NT`` scan chhung hian doctor-te chuan naute taksa lo piang chhuak tur taksa peng hrang hrang (basic anatomical parts) engemaw zat an enfiah bawk. Entîr nân, naute lu ruh, thluak, ke leh ke leh rilte chu a ṭhat dân pangngaiin a ṭhang chho em tih an enfiah a. ``NT`` scan-naah hian thil danglam dang hmuhchhuah a nih chuan genetic emaw structural condition emaw a awm theihna a tipung thei bawk.

Engtikah nge NT scan hi tih a nih?

Hei hi nu tam tak tan pawh harsatna a ni. `NT` scan hi naupai atanga kar 11 atanga kar 13 leh ni 6 inkarah tih thin a ni. Phên dangin sawi ila, naute lu atanga a hnuai lam thlenga sei zawng (hei hi `Crown-Rump Length - CRL` an ti a) chu millimeter 45 leh 84 inkar a nih chuan tih a ni.

Engvangin nge he hun bituk takah hian tih a nih? A chhan chu kar 14 hnuah naute a lo seilian chhoh zel chuan a kawr hnung lama tui awm chu naute taksaah a lut leh tan thin a ni. Chuti a nih chuan a dik taka teh a har thin. Chuvangin doctor-te chuan he hun bituk chhung hian ``NT`` scan hi tihsak an rawt a ni. He ``NT`` scan hi first-trimester screening test-a tel angin tih a ni tlangpui .

He first-trimester screening kit hi eng nge ni?

He term hi i lo hre tawh mai thei. ``First Trimester Screening Kit'' (a then chuan ``Combined Sequential Screening'' tia koh) hi nautein pianpui natna thenkhat a neih theihna tur test set a ni , chu chu a pian tirh laia awm thin conditions te hi a ni.

NT scan bakah hian thisen sample pawh lak a ni bawk . Heng thisen test te hian i naute hian pianpui natna a neih theih dan tur a zirchiang thei a ni. Dik tak chuan, heng thisen test result hi NT scan chauh nena inzawm chuan a dik zawk hle .

Tu nge NT scan mamawh?

`NT` scan hi hmeichhe naupai tu pawhin an ti thei a , mahse a hmaa kan sawi tawh kar 11 leh 13 inkarah tih tur a ni. Hei hi test tih ngei ngei tur a ni lo va, optional a ni .

Mahse, doctor tam tak chuan hei hi an rawt a, a chhan chu a hlauhawmna eng pawh a hmain i hriat theih nan a pui thei che a ni. I doctor nen inbiakna neih a tha ber a, test tin hian eng nge an zawn dawn tih leh a thatna leh that lohna a zirin thutlukna siam a tha ber.

Engtin nge NT scan hi an tih thin?

Hei pawh hi a awlsam hle. NT scan hi ultrasound scan pangngai ang bawkin tih a ni. A tam zawkah chuan abdominal ultrasound a ni.Pakhat chu tihfel a ni. Mahse, a chang chuan, entirnan, i nausen awmna hmun emaw, naute awmna avanga thlalak chiang tak hmuh a harsat chuan, vagina kaltlangin scan (vaginal ultrasound) pawh tih theih a ni.

Scan hma hian doctor emaw scanning technician emaw chuan i pum chhungah ultrasound gel a hnawih ang. Tichuan, kut zungtang te tak te transducer an tih chu i pum chungah a kal ang. I naute thlalak chu monitor-ah a lang ang. Chumi hnuah chuan i naute kawr hnung lama tui awm chu millimeter-a teh a ni ang . Hetiang tih chhung hian natna engmah i nei lovang.

Engtin nge NT scan result hi chhut a nih?

Risk hi NT scan atanga value chauh atanga chhut a ni lo fo thin. I doctor chuan i first trimester screening zawng zawng result chu a add up tlangpui ang a, chu chuan i naute hian congenital condition a neih theihna tur risk zawng zawng a chhut ang.

Ka sawi tawh ang khan NT scan ruala thisen test tih hian result dikna a tipung a ni. Chuvangin, a tam zawkah chuan, a pahnih result, i kum , leh naute hnar ruh hmuh theih a nih leh nih loh (hei hi Down syndrome hlauhawmna hmuhna atan pawh hman a ni) te pawh hi risk score hnuhnung ber pek hunah ngaihtuah a ni.

Engvangin nge a result chu "risk" an tih?

I result chu mathematical risk anga sawi a ni tlangpui . Entirnan, i result-ah chuan "Chance 300 zinga 1" tih a ni thei. Chumi awmzia chu nangmah ang bawka `NT` score leh test result dang nei naute 300 zingah hian 300 zinga 1 chauhvin pianpui natna hi an nei dawn tihna a ni.

• Fluid level a normal a nih chuan : Hei hian pianpui natna a thlen theihna a hniam tihna a ni .
• Fluid a tam chuan : Congenital emaw genetic condition emaw a awm theihna a sang zawk tihna a ni.

Hetiang hian han ngaihtuah teh, kawngpuiah i kal laiin car-in a rawn nuai theihna chu mi 1000-ah 1 a ni tih an hrilh che a nih chuan, chu chuan i rawn nuai ngei ang tihna a ni lo. Hei pawh hi chutiang bawk chu a ni. Risk a sang viau nachungin naute hian harsatna a nei ngei ang tihna erawh a ni lo.

Pawimawh tak chu Doctor in `NT` scan result a zirin diagnosis a siam ngai lovang . Hengte hi test hmasa ber chauh a ni. `NT` value a san chuan i doctor emaw, genetic counselor emaw chuan test dang neih belh dan tur a hrilhfiah ang che. Thil tam takah chuan `NT` value sang tak pawh ni se, chromosomal emaw genetic condition emaw nen a inzawm lo thei. Chuvangin test dang neih belh a tha fo thin.

Engtiang chiahin nge NT scan hi a dik?

`NT` scan chauh i tih chuan 70% velin `Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)` ang chi condition a hmuchhuak ang.A detect thei a ni. Mahse, doctor tam tak chuan ``NT`` scan hi a chunga kan sawi tak thisen test nen hian an hmang dun a ni. Tichuan, heng dinhmunte hriatchhuahna dikna chu 95% velin a pung ta a ni . Chu chu percentage sang tak a ni lawm ni?

He scan hmang hian risk a awm em?

No. Nuchal translucency hi a low-risk test a ni. Ultrasound scan pangngai ang mai a ni. Nangmah emaw, i naute emaw a tichhe lovang.

NT scan result a dik lo a nih chuan eng nge thleng ang?

Hei hi nu tam tak hlauhthawnna hmun a ni. Ka hriat nawn tir leh duh chu `NT` scan hian naute hian natna engemaw tak a neih theihna tur a tarlang chauh a ni. Chuvangin, i scan result chu a pangngai lo a nih chuan, `NT` value a sang tihna a nih chuan, hlau suh .

Chumi hnuah i doctor chuan diagnostic test engemaw zat a hrilh ang che . Heng test hrang hrangte hi:

• Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) : Hei hian i nausen atanga tissue te tak te lak a, a genetic condition test a huam a ni. Hei hi naupai kar 10 leh kar 13 inkarah tih a ni tlangpui.
• Amniocentesis : Hei hi naupai hnu deuh deuhah tih thin a ni a, a tlangpuiin kar 15 hnuah tih thin a ni. Hei hian i nausen pum atanga amniotic fluid tlemte lakchhuah nan needle hman a huam a ni. He tuiah hian naute cell a awm a, heng cell te hi genetic abnormalities emaw infection emaw hriat theih nan test theih a ni.

Heng test result atang hian naute hian natna engemaw tak a nei em tih dik takin kan hre thei a ni .

Tin, `NT` value a san chuan doctor chuan naute thinlung chiang taka en turin fetal echocardiogram an tih scan pawh a ti thei bawk a, a chhan chu `NT` value pangngai lo chu nausen thinlung chhiatna thenkhat nen a inzawm thei a ni.

Hlau suh! A pawimawh ber chu...

I NT scan result a dik lo vang mai mai chuan i naute hian harsatna a nei tihna a ni lo. Lungngai suh, hlauthawng suh . I doctor chuan test tam zawk a ti ang a, a nih loh leh i ultrasound emaw thisen test emaw-ah harsatna dang a awm tih chhinchhiahna a zawng ang. Genetic counselor hnenah an refer thei che a ni . Chutiang chuan heng dinhmun te, an hlauhawmna te, leh test dang eng nge awm tih te chu i hre belh thei ang.

NT value pangngai chu eng nge ni?

Naupai lai hian naute kawr hnung lama tui awm zat hi a pung deuh deuh a. Hei hian a awmzia chu kar 13-a average value chu kar 11-a average value aiin a sang deuh thei tihna a ni.

Medical institution hrang hrangte chuan test dang neih belh nan NT threshold hrang hrang tlem an rawn present a. Chungte chu NT value bakah gestational age atanga chhut a ni.

Mahse, naupai tam zawkah chuan NT value chu 3 mm emaw 3.5 mm aia sang a nih chuan genetic counseling leh test dang neih belh chungchang sawiho a tha. Mahse, hei hi hlutna mai a ni a, i doctor chuan i dinhmun a zirin thurawn tha ber ber a pe ang che.

NT scan pangngai lo a nih chuan naute hian Down syndrome a nei tihna em ni?

Ni lo, a ni lo tak zet . Nuchal translucency scan result pangngai lo chuan naute hian Down syndrome emaw, pianpui natna dang emaw a nei ngei ang tihna a ni lo . Naute chu a hlauhawmna a sang zawk emaw, chutiang dinhmun a neih theihna a sang zawk emaw tihna chauh a ni.

NT value hi a pangngai a nih pawhin doctor-te chuan NT scan bakah hian thisen test pawh an ti duh mai thei a, a chhan chu hei hian i risk dik zawk a teh thei a ni. A then phei chuan i naute chu genetic condition neia piang a nih leh nih loh hriat nan prenatal testing neih belh a ngai thin.

A result hriat nan eng chen nge hun a duh?

A tam zawkah chuan doctor chuan NT ultrasound scan result chu ni khatah a hrilh thei che a ni . Chumi awmzia chu kawr hnung lama tui awm zat chu teh theih a ni a, a hlutna chu ni khatah hriat theih a ni tihna a ni.

Mahse, ``first-trimester screening'' hmanga thisen test result chu a lo kir leh theih nan ni engemaw zat emaw kar khat emaw kar hnih emaw a la ngai thei a ni . Doctor tam tak chuan naute chu a hlauhawm leh hlauhawm loh an chhut hmain heng result zawng zawng hi a luh hma chu an nghak thin . Chumi hnuah chauh chuan a thlalak kimchang chu an hrilhfiah ang che.

A tawp berah chuan take-home message

``Nuchal Translucency (NT)'' scan hi initial test pawimawh tak a ni a, naute hian congenital emaw genetic condition a neih theihna tur a hriat theih nan a pui a ni.

• Hei hi screening test chauh a ni , diagnostic test a ni lo.
• Results a mumal lo a nih chuan lungngai suh . Test tam zawk neih a ngai tihna chauh a ni.
• Naute hrisel tak i neih theihna chance a la awm .
• I test result awmzia leh a hnua i tih tur chungchang chu i doctor nen uluk takin sawipui rawh .
• Genetic counselor nena inbiakna leh nakin lawka test neihna tur ṭhatna leh ṭhat lohna sawiho chu a ṭangkai hle thei a ni.

He thu hian NT scan chungchang hriatthiamna tha zawk i neih theih ka beisei. Zawhna emaw, ngaihtuahna emaw i neih chuan i doctor zawh pawh hlau ngai suh.

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