I thluak hmalam (frontal lobe) chungchang zawng zawng hi a awlsam zawngin i zir vek ang u.

Kan thluak hi taksa peng mak tak a ni a ni lawm ni? Kan ngaihtuahna, kan hriat leh thiltih zawng zawngah te hian mawhphurtu a ni. Chuvangin, vawiinah hian thluak peng hrang hranga thil pawimawh tak pakhat, a pawimawh em em pakhat kan sawi dawn a ni. Chu chu thluak hmalam, a nih loh leh doctor-te sawi dan chuan ``Frontal Lobe`` a ni.

Thluak hmalam (frontal lobe) chu eng nge ni? Khawiah nge a awm?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, ``Frontal Lobe`` hi i thluak peng lian panga zinga pakhat a ni. A hming ang bawkin i lu hmalam ber ah a awm a ni. A dik tak chuan he hmun pawimawh tak hi i hmai hnung lamah a awm a ni. I lu chhunga "control room" ang maiin ngaihtuah rawh.

He `(Frontal Lobe)` hian thluak peng dangte nen thawhhona tha tak neiin hna a thawk a. Kan thil tih apiang, chu chu ngaihtuah leh chhut, thutlukna siam, he part hian heng zawng zawngah hian a pui thin. Size lam hawi chuan mithiamte chuan kan thluak chunga corrugated surface `(Cerebral Cortex)` 25% leh 40% inkar hi he `(Frontal Lobe) atanga siam a ni an ti.` Chu chu a lian deuh a ni lawm ni?

Chuti a nih chuan, he (Frontal Lobe) hi eng nge thleng? Kan taksa hi eng thilah nge a puih?

Dik tak chuan he ``Frontal Lobe'' hian hna a thawk tam hle. A bulpui ber thenkhat han thlir ila:

• Reasoning: Hei hian thil engemaw ngaihtuah mai a\anga thu hriatte chu a buaithlak em em a, a chhui chian thlengin a huam vek a ni. Thil awmze nei taka ngaihtuah te, rorelna siam te, thutlukna siam te, thil thar siam (creativity) te hi he category-ah hian an tel vek a ni.
• Khawtlang nun hriatthiamna: He ``(Frontal Lobe)`` hian khawtlang nunah hian dan pawm tawhte chu eng nge ni, engtin nge kan awm ang, eng nge sawi tur tha, eng nge sawi tur tha lo tih te hriatthiamna min pe a ni. Kan "social compass" ang mai a ni.
• Executive functions: Hei hi a buaithlak deuhin a lang thei a, mahse a awlsam zawngin sawi ila, mahni inthununna, inhibition, attention span, leh working memory te a huam a, chu chu thil tih laiin thil nena inzawm thu hriat reng theihna a ni.
• Voluntary muscle movement: I voluntary muscle movement zawng zawng, i kut chawi sang, thil lak chhuah, tho leh kal te hi hetah hian control vek a ni. Tin, kan thusawi atana kan hman thin ruh (muscles) control tu thluak hmun pawh hi he ``Frontal Lobe`` ah hian a awm bawk.
• Thu hriat zir leh hriatrengna: He section hian thil thar zir turin a pui che a, a hnua i hman theih nan i hriat reng theih nan leh thil hlui hriatrengna atan pawh a pui bawk.

Ngaihtuah teh, he ``Frontal Lobe'' hian zing i thawh a, i ni i ruahman atang khan, hnathawhna hmuna kal a, harsatna i chinfel thlengin, i thianpa i biak thlengin a pui che a ni.

Hei (Frontal Lobe) hi eng atanga siam nge ni?

Kan thluak dang ang bawkin ``Frontal Lobe`` hi cell chi hrang hrang bik atanga siam a ni. Cell chi hnih a awm a, chungte chu:

1. Neurons: Hengte hi thluak leh nervous system-a inbiakpawhna cell lian ber berte an ni. Nerve cell dangte hnenah signal an thawn thei a ni. Heng signal te hi nerve cell chhungah electrical message (impulses) angin an kal thin. Tichuan, heng electrical signal te hi chemical-ah an chantir a, nerve cell atang hian an chhuak ta a ni. A dawta nerve cell chuan chu chemicals chu a hre chiang a, electrical signal dang a siam leh a ni. Chutiang chuan message te chu thluak chhungah a kal chak hle a ni.

2. Glial cells: Hengte hi nervous system-a "helper cells" an ni. Signal an thawn chhuak lo a, mahse hna pawimawh tak tak an thawk a, chungte chu nerve cell enkawl te, bawlhhlawh paih te, ei leh in pek te, leh structure nghet taka vawn te hi a ni.

Frontal lobe tibuaitu natna leh harsatna tlanglawn tak takte chu engte nge ni?

Natna eng pawh thluak tissue tichhe thei hian frontal lobe a nghawng thei vek mai. Tin, thluak hmasawnna tichhe thei neurodevelopmental condition thenkhat a awm a, chu chuan frontal lobe nena inzawm bik symptoms a thlen thei bawk. A nghawng thei dinhmun thenkhat han thlir ila:

• Alzheimer natna a ni
• Thusawi harsatna, a bik takin `(Expressive aphasia)` emaw `(Broca's aphasia)` (chutah chuan i sawi duh chu i hria a, mahse thumal dahkhawm harsa i ti) .
• Ngaihtuahna tlakchhamna lama harsatna (ADHD) .
• Autism spectrum natna a ni
• Thluak hliam emaw chhiatna (Brain lesions) (hengte hi natna emaw, surgery ang chi thil emaw avanga lo awm thei) .
• Brain tumor (cancer nei leh cancer nei lo tumor) .
• Carbon monoxide avanga rimchhia a awm
• Lu hliam, a bik takin concussion leh thluak hliam na tak tak dangte
• Corticobasal tihchhiatna (corticobasal degeneration) a ni
• Frontotemporal dementia (entir nan, Pick natna) 1.1.
• Genetic conditions (e.g. Huntington natna, Wilson natna) .
• Lu na leh Migraine te
• Heavy metal poisoning emaw, thil tha lo dang ei emaw
• Infection (a bik takin thluak khawsik thlentu natna, encephalitis ang chi) .
• Rilru hriselna dinhmun, entirnan, mood disorder, lungkhamna, leh personality disorder te
• Lewy taksa lam natna (dementia) a ni
• Seizures (a bik takin frontal lobe seizures) leh seizure kaihhnawih natna, epilepsy ang chi te
• Stroke leh Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) te hi a awm thei lo.

Frontal Lobe-a harsatna awm hian engte nge a lan chhuah dan tlangpui?

Dik tak chuan ``Frontal Lobe''-a harsatna awm avanga lo awm thei symptom tam tak a awm. Heng symptoms te hi a danglamna chhan pahnih a awm a:

1. I ``Frontal Lobe'' hian hna hrang hrang a thawh avangin.

2. A chhan chu damdawi lam dinhmun hrang hrang tam takin he ``Frontal Lobe'' hi a nghawng thei a ni.

Mahse, ``Frontal Lobe''-a harsatna awmte nen hian symptoms engemaw zat hmuh tur a awm a:

• Mihring nun inthlak danglamna: A hma aia rilru na zawk, thinrim thuai, leh khawtlang nun kalh zawnga nungchang ang chi thilte.
• A chhan leh a rah chhuah hmuh harsa, ngaihtuahna seng, thil buatsaih, ruahmanna siam, emaw hna pakhat a\anga ngaihtuahna thlak danglam.
• Executive dysfunction: A hmaa kan sawi tawh ang khan thutlukna siam harsa, ruahmanna siam leh mahni inthununna vawn that.
• Mahni rilru put hmang leh thiltih thunun harsa, a bik takin a thusawi leh thiltih thunun theih loh.
• Hriatrengna hloh chi thenkhat (Amnesia).
• Thusawi nana hman tur ruh te pawh tiamin taksa ruh thenkhat tihchet harsa .

Frontal lobe hriselna enfiahna atana test tih tlanglawn tak takte chu engte nge ni?

Doctor te hian i hmalam (frontal lobe) hriselna enfiah dan hrang hrang an nei a. Chung zingah chuan diagnostic test, lab test, leh imaging scan te pawh a tel. Entirna thenkhat chu:

• Thisen test: Hengte hian thil chi hrang hrang, immune system lama harsatna atanga taksaa toxins (a bik takin metals copper, mercury, leh lead) thlengin a hmuchhuak thei a ni.
• CT scan (Computed Tomography - CT scan) hmanga tihchhuah a ni.
• EEG (Electroencephalogram - EEG) test (thluak electric hnathawh en rawh)
• EMG test (Electromyogram - nerve conduction test) (nerve kal tlanga message kal chak dan a en)
• Evoked potentials - sensory tests (sensation te thluak lama kal dan en rawh) .
• MRI Scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI) hmanga tihchhuah a ni.
• Neuropsychological testing (ngaihtuahna, hriatrengna, ngaihvenna, etc. ang chi thil test) .
• PET scan (Positron Emission Tomography - PET scan) hmanga enfiah a ni.

Frontal lobe tichhe thei dinhmunte enkawlna hman tlanglawn tak takte chu engte nge ni?

Frontal Lobe nena inzawm natna enkawlna chu a natna ang bawkin a inang lo thei a ni. I doctor chuan i dinhmun enkawlna tha ber ber leh i doctor-in a rawtnate chu a fuih thei ber ang che. Chuvang chuan natna lanchhuahna i neih chuan damdawi lam thurawn lak a pawimawh.

Ka (Frontal Lobe) hrisel nan eng nge ka tih theih ang?

I thluak zawng zawng, i hmalam (frontal lobe) te pawh a hrisel theih nan thil tam tak i tih theih a ni. Thluak natna thenkhat chu ven theih a ni. Ṭhenkhat chu ven theih a nih loh laiin, i vei theihna chu i tihtlem thei a ni. I thluak hriselna atana i tih theih thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Eat a balanced diet: I ei leh in hian i thisen kalna hriselna a nghawng a ni. Thisen kal dan hrisel hi thluak hnathawh that nan a pawimawh hle (entir nan, stroke chu circulatory system lama harsatnain thluak a nghawng hian a ni). Tin, vitamin thenkhat tam lutuk emaw, tlem lutuk emaw hian thluak a nghawng thei bawk.
• I taksa rihna hrisel tak neih theih dan tur leh taksa chak taka awm dan tur zawng rawh: I taksa rihna leh i thawhrimna level hian thluak tichhe thei dinhmun, a bik takin thisen sang ang chi rilru lam harsatna te chu a veng thei a, a tikhawtlai thei bawk. I tan chuan i taksa rihna hrisel chu eng nge ni tih leh chu chu vawng reng tura i tih theih dan tur chungchangah i chhungkaw doctor hnenah thurawn i dil thei ang. Taksa tihchak hian thluak hriselna a nghawng nghal vek a ni. Thisen kal tha turin a pui a, thluak hian chemical messenger ``neurotransmitters'' an tih siamchhuah nan a pui bawk.
• A tul hunah protective gear ha rawh: I frontal lobe hi i lu hma lamah a awm avangin concussion leh traumatic brain injuries i nei awlsam zawk. Chuvang chuan lirtheia kan chuang dawnin helmet leh seat belt ang chi invenna hmanrua hman a pawimawh hle.
• I natna khirh tak takte enkawl rawh: Thluak tibuaitu natna tam tak chu hun kal zelah a na zual zel a. Mahse, uluk taka enkawl chuan a chang chuan i titawp thei a, a zual zel pawh i tikhawtlai thei bawk. Entirnan, Type 2 Diabetes leh Epilepsy ang chi natna te.

Frontal Lobe chungchang thawnthu ngaihnawm tak!

I ``Frontal Lobe`` chu i thluak peng hrang hrang, i nihna thununtu, a bik takin i mizia leh i awm dan tur te awmna hmun a ni. I ngaihtuahna te, harsatna i chinfel dan te, khawtlang inlaichinna i siam theihna te, i nungchang te, dik leh dik lo i hriatthiam theihna te hi i ``Frontal Lobe`` peng hrang hrangah a innghat vek a ni.

Hei hi mithiamte chuan rel kawng foreman pakhat Phineas Gage-a vangin an hre ta a ni. Kum 1848 khan rel kawng siamna hmuna bomb puak laiin Gage-a lu chhungah thir rod a lut a, a hmalam (frontal lobe) veilam sir a tichhia a ni. Accident a thlen hma hian Gage hi a thawhpui zingah hruaitu rilru muang tak, zah tak a ni. Mak tak maiin Gage chu accident atang hian a damchhuak ta a ni. Mahse a chetsual hnu chuan a mizia chu a danglam ta vek a ni. A thinrim a, zah lohna a nei a, tawngkam mawi lo tak tak a hmang fo bawk.

Mahse, Gage-a mize inthlak danglamna chu a awm reng lo. Accident atanga kum li a liam hnuah Gage hi Chile, South America-ah a kal a, sakawr khalh tawlailir khalhtu hna a thawk a. Kum 1858 tawp lam emaw, 1859 tir lam emawa Gage enfiahtu doctor chuan a taksa a hrisel a, "rilru lama harsatna a nei lo" tiin a sawi.

Gage hi accident aṭang hian a tam zawk chu dam leh mah se, kum 1860 khan San Francisco-ah seizures vangin a thi a ni. Heng seizures te hi accident-a a chhiatna a tawh vang a nih a rinawm. Mahse, a thubuai hian tunlai damdawiin hmalam lobe-a thil thleng, a bik takin mize a nghawng dan hriatthiamna kawngah nasa takin a pui a ni.

A tawp berah chuan thil hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message) .

I ``Frontal Lobe`` i ngaihtuah hian i thluak hmun thenkhat chu ngaihtuah turin i hrilh tak tak a ni. I ``Frontal Lobe`` hi i thluak thil pawimawh ber pakhat a ni. Nitin nunah i hman thiamna tam tak a control a, a enkawl bawk. I mizia, rilru put hmang leh rorelna ang chi thil i thununna hmun a ni bawk.

Chuvangin, i ``Frontal Lobe'' enkawl tha a, a nghawng thei dinhmun enkawlna i lak hian i nunah a thawhhlawk danah danglamna nasa tak a thlen thei a ni. Thluak hi thil hlu tak a ni a, a humhalh hi kan mawhphurhna a ni.

` Frontal lobe, thluak hnathawh, mize, thutlukna siam, thluak hriselna, neuroscience