Kan taksa ‘guardian’ genes (Tumor Suppressor Genes) cancer natna brake dahtu te hi i zir dawn teh ang!

Kan taksa chhungah hian cancer lo awm tur venna atana puitu vengtu te te a awm tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? Ni e, a dik a ni. Vawiin hian kan taksaa cancer cells control tu gene chi pawimawh tak kan sawi dawn a ni. Hengte hi kan taksaah ‘vengtu’ ang mai an ni.

Heng ‘tumor suppressor genes’ te hi engte nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, heng ``Tumor Suppressor Genes`` te hi kan taksa cancer laka humhimtu gene pawl lian tak an ni. Heng genes te hian car brake ang maiin hna an thawk a. Heng genes te hian protein chi khat bik an siam a. Heng protein te hian cell te chu an than chak lutuk loh nan a titawp a, chu chuan cancer a thlen thei a, "brake" a dah bawk.

He cancer titawptu gene hian mutation chi khat , chu chu inthlâk danglamna a neih chuan eng nge thleng ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. Tichuan car atanga brake lakchhuah a, accelerator-a ke pen ang mai a ni. Cell thanna chu thunun theih lohvin a chak nghal zung zung a. Chutih lai chuan cancer vei theihna a sang chho zel a ni.

Engtin chiah nge heng genes te hian kan taksaah hna an thawh?

Heng ``Tumor Suppressor Genes'' te hnathawh dan hrethiam tur chuan ``DNA'', genes leh cells te inzawmna tlem kan hriat hmasak a ngai a ni.

Kan taksa chhunga cell trillion tam tak zinga pakhatah hian ``DNA'' a awm vek a. He ``DNA'' chhungah hian genes a awm a. Heng genes te hian cell te chu an tih tur te, engtikah nge an inthen tur tih te, engtikah nge an inthen tawh loh tur tih te a hrilh a ni.

Tûnah chuan cell pakhata gene pakhat emaw, a aia tam emaw chu a inthlâk danglam , chu chu a danglam a nih chuan, chu gene inthlâk danglamte chuan protein an siam tawh lo va, a nih loh leh protein pangngai lo an siam ṭan ta tih han ngaihtuah teh. Chutiang a nih chuan, chu protein pangngai lote chuan cell-te hnêna thupêk pêk chu an titawp thei a, a nih loh leh thupêk dik lo an pe thei bawk. Cancer-ah chuan heng thupêk tharte hian cell-te chu thunun theih lohvin a inṭhen darh a, a tipung a, a tâwpah chuan tumor a siam ta a ni .

Chuvangin, heng cancer titawptu gene-te hian an tih chu cell cycle an tih, thil kalphung buaithlak tak chu chiang takin an thunun a ni. Chu chu:

• Cell te inthen darh leh pung chak lo turin a veng a, tumor siamna a thlen thin. Hei hi a pawimawh hle.
• Cell te hi a tlangpuiin hun engemaw chen an dam a, chutah chuan an thi thin. Hei hi "programmed cell thihna / apoptosis" kan ti a ni. Chu chu, cell hlui, chhe tawhte chu a pianphung anga thi turin a pui tihna a ni.
• Cell te chu a tlangpui aia rang zawka an inthen darh avanga DNA chhiatna thleng thei chu a siam tha thin.
• Cancer natna hrik taksa pum puia darh loh nan a pui a, chu chu ``metastatic'' a nih loh nan a pui a ni.

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, heng genes te hi kan taksa chhunga cell te hi mumal tak leh thunun theih dan tur siamtu an ni. Traffic police officer ang maiin.

Engvangin nge heng genes te hi an inthlak danglam? A chhan engte nge ni?

Heng cancer titawptu genes te hi an inthlak danglam chhan lian tak pahnih a awm.

1. Rochun mutations: 1.1.

Mi thenkhat chuan heng genetic mutations te hi an nu leh pate hnen atangin an rochun thin. Chumi awmzia chu, i piangtu egg emaw sperm cell emaw-ah chuan mutated gene chu a awm tihna a ni. Entirnan, Li-Fraumeni syndrome an tih hi nu leh pa hnen atanga cancer titawp thei gene mutated a rochun avanga lo awm a ni.

A châng chuan, mi pakhat, mutated gene pakhat neia piang chuan a hnu lamah mutated gene dang a nei thei a ni. Chutiang mutated gene pahnih neih chuan cancer chi hrang hrang, hnute cancer ang chi, vei theihna a tipung a ni. Mahse, heng genes te hi rochun hian cancer i vei tihna a ni hauh lo tih hriat reng a pawimawh .

2. Mutations (acquired mutations) te: 1.1 .

Vawi tam tak chu kan tar chhoh zel chuan heng cancer dotu genes te hi an inthlak danglam thin. Kan taksa hi production line chak tak ang mai a ni. Gene thar siam a nih hian a chang chuan tihsual a awm thei. Hun a kal zel a, he process hi siamthat a nih loh chuan heng tihsual te hi a pungkhawm thei a ni. Hetiang tihsual vang hian cancer dotu genes te hian hna an thawk tawh lo.

Mutated tumor suppressor genes chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni? Entirna thenkhat han en ila.

Tunah hian medical researcher-te chuan cancer thlen thei, mutated cancer-suppressing genes 1,000 chuang an hmuchhuak tawh a ni. Entirna kan hriat tam berte chu hetiang hi a ni:

• (p53) Gene: He gene-a inthlak danglamna, a nih loh leh mutations hi cancer zawng zawng zinga 50% aia tam nen a inzawm tih hmuhchhuah a ni . Hei hian gene pawimawh tak a ni tihna a ni.
• (RB1) gene: Hei hi cancer suppressor gene-a mutation awmin cancer thlentu entir hmasa ber a ni. Research atanga a lan dan chuan he ``(RB1)`` gene hi cancer tlanglawn tak tak, hnute cancer leh prostate cancer nei te zingah a inthlak danglam thin a ni.
• (CDKN2a) gene: He gene hi hereditary melanoma (vun cancer chi khat) leh pancreatic carcinoma vei te zingah a inthlak danglam thin. Tin, miten an dam chhunga cancer an neih zawng zawng zinga 25% atanga 30% velah hmuh tur a awm bawk. Entirnan, hnute cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, leh pancreatic cancer-ah te a awm thei.
• (BRCA1) leh (BRCA2) genes: Heng genes te hi i hre tawh mai thei. Hereditary breast cancer leh ovarian cancer vei te bakah naupan laia ovarian cancer vei te pawhin gene ``BRCA1'' ah mutations an nei a ni. Hereditary breast cancer vei te hian gene ``BRCA2'' ah mutations an nei thei bawk. Heng mutations te hian hnute, ovarian leh cancer dang vei theihna a tipung a ni. A châng chuan, doctor-te chuan i chhûngkaw zînga mi pakhatin hnute emaw, ovarian emaw cancer a neih chuan genetic test neihpui tûrin an rawt a ni.
• (APC) gene: 1.1.Gardner syndrome emaw Turcot syndrome ang chi hereditary condition neia piangte hian he ``(APC)`` gene hi mutated version an nei a. Researcher te chuan he mutated ``(APC)`` gene hi colorectal cancer leh liver cancer nen an inzawm tir a ni.
• (PTEN) gene: He (PTEN) gene hi cancer chi hrang hrang, hnute cancer, prostate cancer, lu leh kawng squamous carcinoma, leh follicular thyroid cancer nei te tan a inthlak danglam thin.

Hengte hi entirnan tlemte chauh a ni. Hetiang gene hi a tam zawk a ni.

Heng genes te hi a inthlak danglam em tih hriat nan genetic testing a awm em?

Ni e, genetic test thenkhat, genetic mutations thenkhat, chu chu heng cancer titawptu genes-a mutations thenkhat hmuhchhuah theihna tur genetic test a awm a ni. Mahse, mi zawng zawng hian heng test te hi neih a ngai lo.

Genetic testing atan hian tu nge tling?

National Cancer Institute-in a sawi dan chuan, cancer a nih leh nih loh genetic test neih i ngaihtuah theih chhan hrang hrang a awm a:

• Kum 50 i tlin hmaa cancer i vei a nih chuan.
• Cancer chi hrang hrang engemaw zat i vei tawh a nih chuan.
• I taksa peng pahniha cancer i neih chuan (entir nan, kal pahnih cancer, emaw, hnute pahnih cancer emaw).
• I chhungte zingah first-degree chhungte engemaw zatin cancer chi khat an vei tawh a nih chuan. First-degree chhungte chu i nu leh pa, unaute leh i fate an ni. Zirchiangtu thenkhat chuan second- leh third-degree chhungte pawh test vek turin an rawt a ni.
• I chhungkaw member engemaw zatin cancer an vei tawh emaw, tunah hian an vei tawh emaw a nih chuan.
• I kum leh i mipa leh hmeichhiaah a awm ngai lo cancer chi khat bik i neih chuan. Entirnan, mipa hnute cancer.
• Inherited cancer syndrome thenkhat nena inzawm taksa lama inthlak danglamna i neih chuan. Entirnan, Neurofibromatosis Type 1 hi cancer inherited a ni a, a natna lan chhuah dan dang, cancer ni lo tumor neurofibromas an tih ang chi te nen a inzawm a ni.
• Hnam emaw, hnam emaw i nih chuan hereditary cancer syndrome thenkhat an vei theihna chance a sang zawk tih i hria a, a chunga kan sawi tak thil pakhat emaw, a aia tam emaw i nei bawk. Entirnan, zirchianna hrang hrangah chuan `(BRCA1/2)` gene mutation hi `(Ashkenazi Jewish)` (Central leh Eastern European Jewish hnam chhuak mi)-ah a tam zawk tih hmuhchhuah a ni.

Heng test atang hian engkim dik takin kan hre thei ang em?

Hei pawh hi a pawimawh hle. Cancer a awm leh awm loh genetic test i neih pawhin chhanna chiang tak i hmu lo mai thei.Tin, genetic mutation neih hian cancer i vei dawn tihna a ni lo. Cancer vei theihna a sang zawk mai thei tihna chauh a ni.

Cancer vei theihna tur i ngaihtuah a nih chuan i doctor hmu a, i hriselna zawng zawng, nunphung leh chhungkaw damdawi lam chanchin sawipui a tha ber . Chumi hnuah chuan i doctor chuan i tana tha tur cancer screening test neih a rawt thei ang. Heng test te hi genetic test a ni ngai lo.

Chuti a nih chuan, kan hriat reng tur pawimawh berte chu engte nge ni? (In lama hruai tur thuchah)

Okay, chuvangin kan sawi tawh ``Tumor Suppressor Genes'' chungchanga hriat reng tur pawimawh tak takte chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Heng genes te hi cancer laka vengtu main shield angin an thawk a ni .
• I cell-te inthen darh chakna chu an control a, cell hlui emaw, chhia emaw an that a, DNA chhiatna chu an siam ṭha bawk.
• If these genes mutate , cells te chu thunun theih lohvin an inthen darh thei a, an pung thei a, chu chuan cancer tumor a siam thei a ni.
• Medical researcher-te chuan hetiang cancer titawp thei gene 1,000 chuang an hmuchhuak tawh a ni.
• Heng genetic mutations te hi hriat theih nan genetic test a awm a, mahse mi zawng zawng tan a tha lo.
• Cancer vei theihna tur chungchangah i lungkham emaw, ngaihtuahna i neih emaw chuan doctor pan a, thurawn lak a tha ber. Chumi hnuah chuan i doctor chuan cancer vei theihna tihtlem nan eng nge i tih theih tih leh eng test nge i mamawh theih tih a hrilh ang che.

Chuvangin, he thu hi i hlawkpui ngei ka beisei. Hetiang health tip pawimawh dang nen kan inhmu leh dawn nia!

` Tumor Suppressor Genes, cancer, genetic mutations, DNA, cells, genetic testing, cancer hlauhawmna