Doctor-te’n i hnaih bertu hriatna tehna atana an hman GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) chu eng nge ni?

Damdawi in pakhatah heng lehkhabu pathum "GCS" chungchang hi doctor-in a sawi i hre tawh mai thei, a nih loh leh i hre tawh mai thei bawk. I hnaih bertu mi pakhatin accident a tawh emaw, a hriatna a hloh nghal emaw pawh nise, doctor-te chuan he GCS hlutna hi an sawi thin. Chuvangin, he GCS hi eng nge ni a, engvangin nge a pawimawh em em a, eng nge a teh tak tak tih te hi vawiin hian chipchiar tak leh awlsam takin sawi ila. Hemi chungchang hi chiang taka hriatthiamna pek che u hi ka tum ber a ni.

A awlsam zawngin GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) hi eng nge ni?

GCS hi, a dik tak chuan, mi pakhat hriatna level tehna hmanrua a ni . Scoring system ang mai a ni. I fimkhur dan te, i chhehvel i hriat chian dan te, leh thupek awlsam tak tak i chhan dan te ang chi thilte a score thin.

He system hi kum 1974 khan Scotland rama University of Glasgow-a specialist team pakhatin an lo hmang tan a ni. A hmingah hian "coma" tih thumal awm mah se, tunah chuan GCS hi damdawi lamah chuan a zau zawkin an hmang ta a ni. Coma pawh tiamin, hriatna tlahniam dinhmun tehna atana hman ber leh hman lar ber scale a ni.

Damdawi lam hawia "consciousness" tih hi eng nge ni?

Damdawi lama "consciousness" kan sawi hian thil tul pawimawh pathum a awm a. Mi pakhat chu hriatna nei nia sawi tur chuan heng thilte hi a hlen chhuah a ngai a ni:

• Harh rawh: Hei hian i thusawi emaw, i taksa khawih emaw hian mi pakhatin a kaitho thei che em tih a kawk a ni. Hei hi mut mai mai leh coma-a awm inthlauhna chu a ni.
• Alertness: Hei hian mi pakhatin a biak che huna i chhân lêt dân te, i awmna hmun te, leh i chhehvêla thil thlengte i hrethiam thei em tih te a kawk a ni.
• I hriat chian a ngai (Oriented): Hei hian i dinhmun nena inzawm chipchiar tak tak, tu nge i nih, khawiah nge i awm, eng ni nge tih te i hriat tihna a ni.

Heng thil pathumte hi a hmunah a awm vek a nih chuan mi pakhat chu "rilru fing" kan ti a ni.

Engtikah nge GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) hi hman a nih?

Doctor te chuan GCS hi neurological exam ah an hmang thei a . Miin a hriatna a hloh theihna tur dinhmun eng pawhah a tangkai hle bawk. Entirnan, lu hliam avanga awm dinhmun, concussion leh traumatic brain injuries (TBI) ang chi te .

Chu mai ni lovin, GCS scale hian hliam tih loh thil dang avanga hriatna hloh a nih pawhin a pui hle. Entirnan, thisen sugar level hniam lutuk (hypoglycemia) , poisoning, emaw, seizure hnua hman a ni.

GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) hian eng nge a teh?

Neurological exam hian kan nervous system peng lian pahnih hnathawh danah harsatna awm apiang a zawng thin. Heng a then pahnih hi:

• Central nervous system: Hei hian i thluak, thluak bul, i mit hnung lama thluak retina nena thluak inzawmtu mit nerve, leh i ruhro (spinal cord) te a huam a ni.
• Peripheral nervous system: Hei hian central nervous system-a tel lo nerve zawng zawng a kawk a ni.

He neurological examination nena inzawm GCS-ah hian thil pawimawh pathum a awm a. Chung zinga a tam zawk chu thluak nen pawh inzawm a ni a, mahse a then chuan ruhro leh taksa pum puia nerve te pawh a huam thei bawk:

• Mit chhanna: Hei hi i harh leh fimkhur dan nen a inzawm ber a ni.
• Motor response: He section hian i thluak hian muscle movement a control theih dan a en a. I thluak leh i taksa peng dang inzawmnaah harsatna eng pawh a hmu thei bawk.
• Thu hmanga chhân lêtna: Hei hian thluak hnathawh ṭhenkhat, ngaihtuahna, hriatrengna, ngaihsakna, leh i chhehvêl hriatna te chu engtiang chiahin nge a thawh ṭhat tih a test a ni.

GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) hian engtin nge hna a thawh?

I GCS score zawng tur chuan doctor-te chuan GCS section hmasa pathum atanga score te chu an add up thin. Doctor pakhat chuan heng section tinte hi kawng hrang hrangin a test ang. Entîr nân, ṭawngkam hmanga i chhânna chu an en ang a, zawhna engemaw zât an zâwt ang che. Vawiin hi kar khat chhunga eng ni nge ni a, engtik lai nge ni a, tunah hian eng khawpuiah nge i awm?

GCS hlawkna pawimawh tak pakhat chu i hriatna level inthlak danglamna a enfiah thei hi a ni. Doctor-te chuan he neurological test hi hun bituk chhungin an ti leh fo a, GCS score-a inthlak danglamna chu an record fo bawk.

Heng section hrang hrangte score dan hi hetiang hi a ni:

Mit Chhanna

Hei hian i harh chhuah dan a teh ber a ni. I hriat loh chuan i hriat lohna level chu pressure-a i reflex response test hmanga teh a ni. Hetah hian "pressure" tih hi kut zungtang hmanga pressure nem tak ang chi a ni. Hliam ni lovin, hrehawmna tenau, rei lo te chhung chauh a thlen tur a ni.

Thu hmanga Chhanna

Chu chu doctor chuan i hriatrengna, i ngaihtuahna leh i chhehvêl hriatna tehna zawhnate a zawt ang che. Tin, i hmai leh ka chhunga thau control tu thluak emaw nerve emaw a harsatna a awm leh awm loh a enfiah thei bawk.

Motor Response a ni

He section hian i nerve, spinal cord leh thluak inzawmna chungchanga harsatna awm apiang a pholang thei a ni. Tin, i thluak hian taksa peng hrang hrang a thunun theih dan leh thupek i hriatthiam theih leh i tih theih leh theih loh a test bawk.

GCS-P chu eng nge ni?

Kum 2018 khan mithiam pawl pakhat — GCS siamtu hmasa ber zinga mi pawh tel — chuan GCS siam thar, "GCS-P" tih chu an tichhuak a ni. P hi "Pupil" tihna a ni a, mit chhunga black hole awm chu a ni. Hei hi standard GCS score atanga number palina lakchhuah a ni.

Mit pupil hian light a chhan dan (Pupil reaction) hi a pawimawh hle a, a chhan chu thluak hnathawh dan tur clues a pe a ni. I mitmeng hian êng a chhân lêt loh chuan thluak nghawngtu harsatna lian tak emaw, hliam emaw a awm tih a târ lang thei a ni.

Zirlai hnena score pek hi 0 atanga 2 inkar a ni.

• 2: Cornea pahnih hian light an chhang lo.
• 1: Zirlai pakhat chuan êng a chhang lo.
• 0: Cornea pahnih hian light an chhang let ve ve.

GCS score atanga pupil response score lakchhuah a nih chuan GCS-P score chu 1 atanga 15 thleng a ni thei a, GCS-P score 8 emaw a aia tlem emaw chuan coma a awm tih a tilang.

Entirnan, GCS score 3 a nih a, iris score 2 a nih chuan GCS-P score chu 1 a ni a, hei hian coma thuk tak a awm tihna a ni a, mit pahniha iris te hian êng an chhang lo tihna a ni.

GCS test neih chhung hian natna a awm em?

GCS chungchang sawifiahna hlui zawkah chuan reflexes thenkhat test nana hman thin sensation sawina atan "pain" tih thumal an hmang thin. Mahse, kaihhruaina thar chuan chu thumal chu "pressure" tiin a thlak ta a ni. He thumal inthlak danglamna hi a dik zawk a, a chhan chu hliam a awm lo. Doctor hian i hmangaih tak chu natna thlen emaw, tihnat emaw a tum tak tak loh avangin a chiang zawk bawk.

GCS guidelines hmasa berah chuan test reflexes-a pressure pekna tur hmun chiang takin a tarlang lo. GCS tihchhuah a nih atanga kum khat hnuah kum 1975 khan a siamtu mithiamte chuan kaihhruaina bik an tichhuak a. Doctor-in pressure a pek theihna hmun thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Nail beds: I kut leh kea nail te hi pressure lakah a sensitive hle. Doctor-te chuan heng zinga pakhat emaw, a aia tam emaw chu an press fo va, chu pressure chu taksain reflex-in a chhang let em tih an en fo thin.
• Trapezius muscle: He muscle hian i kephah, i kawr lai leh i hnungzang a thlunzawm a. Pressure reflex neih theihna tur muscle thlen awlsam tak a ni.
• Supraorbital notch: Hei hi i luruh, i mit chung leh i mit hnuai lama depression te tak te a ni.

Eng nge a rah chhuah a, eng nge min hrilh?

GCS-a score sang ber chu 15 a ni a, score hniam ber chu 3 a ni.Score 15 a nih chuan i harh kim tawh a, i chhang let thei a, i ngaihtuahna leh hriatrengnaah harsatna i nei lo tihna a ni. A tlangpuiin score 8 emaw a aia tlem emaw chuan coma-ah i awm tihna a ni. Score a hniam poh leh coma a thuk zawk.

Doctor-te chuan i GCS score chu letter/number inzawmkhawm angin an ziak thei ang. Entirnan, score 15 chu "E4V5M6" tiin ziah a ni ang. Score 3 chu "E1V1M1" tiin ziah a ni ang. (E=Mit, V=Thumal, M=Motor) tih a ni.

Lu Hliam nei tan GCS Ranges a awm

Doctor-te chuan lu hliam tan GCS an hman hian hliam nasat dan sawifiah nan ranges of score an hmang thin. Heng range te hi:

• 13 atanga 15: Thluak hliam na tak (mTBI) a ni. Hei hi concussion an ti bawk .
• 9 atanga 12: TBI hniam lam.
• 3 atanga 8: Thluak hliam na tak (Severe TBI).

Ka hnaih bertu GCS score chungchangah eng nge ka hriat tur?

A tlangpuiin i chhungte emaw, i hmangaih tak takte emaw chuan i GCS score chungchang hi i doctor nen an sawiho ang. GCS chungchang leh doctor-te hman dan tur hriat tur tlemte a awm a:

• Test result hi number mai ni lovin a buaithlak zawk. GCS score hian test result kimchang a hrilh lo. Neurological exam-ah hian number chauh ni lovin thil dang tam tak a awm. Number hriatthiam a awl laiin, i hmangaih tak doctor nen inbia a, an dinhmun dik tak hriat chian a tha ber.
• GCS hian tihkhawtlai a nei bawk. A \henah chuan GCS hi a \angkai lo mai thei. Entirnan, mi pakhat chu ventilator hmanga a awm chuan , emaw, doctor nen tawng inang an hmang lo a nih chuan. Tin, GCS-in a rinchhan taksa peng emaw system (e.g., mit emaw, hriatna lama harsatna emaw) tichhe thei dinhmun emaw hliam emaw nei tan pawh a tangkai lo thei bawk.
• Doctor-te’n prognosis an sawi lawk nan GCS chauh hi a ni lo. Doctor-te chuan GCS hi a chhuah theih dan tur sawi lawk nan an hmang fo a, mahse chu chu an ngaihtuah ber a ni lo. I hmangaih tak doctor hnenah an score chungchang leh hun rei tak chhunga a awmzia tur zawt rawh.

GCS score hi hmanraw pakhat chauh a ni tih hre reng ang che. Thu pawimawh tak tak a pe a, mahse a pum pui hriatthiam nan medical team nena inbiakpawhna tha neih a pawimawh hle.

A tawp berah chuan eng nge hriat reng tur

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) hi doctor-te’n hriatna hloh leh coma level tehna atana hmanraw hman tlanglawn tak leh pawimawh tak a ni.A siam tirh atanga kum 50 dawn liam tawh mahse, mithiamte chuan he scale hi nasa takin an zirchiang a, diagnostic tool tangkai tak a ni tih an hmuchhuak. (Hun kal zelah pawh an tichangtlung tawh bawk.) He hmanrua hman hian doctor-te chu thluak hnathawh dan inthlak danglamna a enfiah thei bawk. Hei hian enkawlna kaihruai thei a, hriatna tichhe thei dinhmun nei te enkawlna a tichangtlung thei bawk.

Nangmah emaw, i hnaih ber emaw pawhin hetiang thil hi i tawk a nih chuan zawhna zawh leh i doctor-te hnen atanga thu hriat tur lak chu hlau suh. An inpeih reng a, tanpui che an inhuam bawk.

` Hriatthiamna, GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale, Thluak Hliam, Coma, Neurological Examination, Hriselna