Apoptosis chungchang hi i zir mai ang u: kan taksa cell-te ‘tumruh taka an thih’ dan mak tak mai!

Kan taksa hi machine mak tak a ni tak zet a ni lawm ni? Kan chhungah hian thil tam tak a thleng a, chu chu kan hre lo pawh a ni thei. A châng chuan, kan cell ngei pawh hi, "Awle, i hun a tawp tawh," tih signal pek kan ni a, chu chu mumal takin, an chhehvela engmah tichhe lovin an paih chhuak ṭhin. Chu chu damdawi lama apoptosis kan tih chu a ni. Ruahman lawk anga mahni intihhlum ang mai a ni a, mahse keimahni thatna tur a thleng thin.

Apoptosis hi eng nge ni tak tak?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, apoptosis hi ‘programmed cell death’ an tih mai a ni a, chu chu kan taksain cell chhia, hlui, emaw, mamawh tawh lo emaw a paih chhuah nan a hmang a ni. Hetah hian ‘programmed’ tih thumal hi a pawimawh hle. Kan taksa hian heng cell te hi thih a ngai tih a hria tihna a ni a, chu chu taksain a tir atanga a tawp thlengin a enkawl thin tihna a ni.

Cell hrisel ang maia inthen darh leh thang lian ai chuan apoptosis tawk cell chu mumal takin a chhe a, a thi ta a ni.

Cell pakhata genetic information, chu chu DNA chu a chhiat tawh angin han ngaihtuah teh. Chu cell chu a inthen chhunzawm zel chuan chu DNA chhia nen chuan cell thar a lo piang tan ang a, taksaah a pung khawm ang. Hei hi cancer ang chi dinhmun hlauhawm tak thlentu lian tak a ni . Apoptosis process hnathawh ber pakhat chu chutiang thil thleng lo tura ven hi a ni.

Hetiang kalphung hi ruahmanna anga a lo thlen chuan kan hlawkpui thin. Mahse he system-ah hian thil a dik lo a nih chuan apoptosis hi a thleng tam lutuk emaw, a thleng tawk lo emaw a ni thei. An pahnih hian min tichhe thei a ni.

Engvangin nge hei hi kan taksa tan a pawimawh em em?

Apoptosis hi kan taksaa mamawh tawh lo cells te paih chhuakin kan hriselna venhimna a ni. Hetiang kalphung hi kan pian hma pawhin a intan thin.

• Embryonic development: Ngaihtuah teh, nausen pum chhunga kut chu membrane pakhat angin a lo piang hmasa ber a. Tichuan, a hun takah chuan kut zungtang inkar cell te chu apoptosis an tih hmangin an thi ta a ni. Chutah chuan kut zungtang pangate chu mawi takin an inthen ta a ni.
• Cell hlui aiah cell thar thlak tur: Kan taksa chhunga cell leh tissue te hi an insiam thar zel a. Hetiang hian cell hlui te chu a paih chhuak thin.
• Immune system pui turin: Hei hian kan immune system hian natna hrik do turin a pui thin.
• Cell chhia te paih chhuah nan:Cell siam that theih loh khawpa chhia chu taksa atanga lakchhuah a ni.
• Cell chhia inthen darh tur venna: Hei hian cancer ang chi thil lo awm dan a thunun a ni.
• Taksa chhunga homeostasis vawng reng tur: Hei hi taksa tissue balance hrisel tak neih theih nan a pawimawh hle.

Engtin nge hetiang kalphung hi a lo awm?

Kan taksaa protein thenkhat hian he apoptosis process hi a tichhuak thin. Hei hi entirnan a tha ber chu protein p53 tih hi a ni. ‘Tumor suppressor protein’ an ti bawk a, a chhan chu control loha cell inthen darh (tumor thlen thei) a veng a ni.

A awlsam zawngin p53 hi kan cell chhunga ‘guardian’ ang mai a ni. He protein hian cell DNA a chhiat leh chhiat loh a enfiah fo thin. A chhiatna a tlem chuan siamthat dan tur thupek a pe thin. Mahse a chhiatna chu siamthat theih loh khawpa lian a nih chuan p53 protein hian cell chu a inthen darh thei lo. Chu ai chuan cell chu apoptosis tan turin signal a pe zawk a ni.

Apoptosis a tan chuan chemical inthlak danglamna hrang hrang a awm a, chu chuan cell chu a te tein a ti chhe ta a ni. Tichuan, he cell thi mek hian 'cleaning cells' phagocytes (thisen var chi khat) an tihte hnenah "lo kal la, heng chi hrang hrangte hi ei rawh" tih signal a thawn a ni. Hei hi thil felfai tak a ni. Bawlhhlawh dahkhawm a, bawlhhlawh paihna truck hnena pek ang mai a ni. Hei hian a chhehvel cell te chu an hliam lo tihna a ni a, inflammation a awm lo tihna a ni.

Apoptosis a tam lutuk emaw, a tlem lutuk emaw a nih chuan eng nge thleng ang?

Eng thil pawh ang bawkin he kalphung hi a inthlau a ngai a ni. A tam lutuk hi harsatna a ni a, tlem lutuk hi harsatna a ni. Chu chu engtin nge a kal dawn tih i en ang u.

Apoptosis leh Necrosis hi eng nge an danglamna?

Hengte hi cell thihna kawng pahnih ni mah se, an inkarah hian danglamna lian tak a awm a ni. Mi tam tak chuan an pahnih hi an ti buai hle.

Zirchiangtute chuan apoptosis hi ruahmanna fel tak, ruahmanna fel tak neia thihna niin an ngai a, necrosis chu beisei loh, buaithlak, buaina chhuak thihna a ni. Eng emaw chen chu a dik a ni. Necrosis-ah chuan cell chu a lo hring chhuak a, a puak darh bawk. Tichuan cell chhunga thil awmte chu paih chhuakin a chhehvel tissue-ah inflammation a siam a ni. Mahse apoptosis-ah chuan chutiang chu a thleng lo. Cell chu felfai takin an dah khawm a, buaina awm lovin a kal bo ta a ni.

Mahse, zirchianna thar chuan necrosis chi hrang hrang, apoptosis ang chi hi ruahmanna siam angin a thleng tih hmuhchhuah a ni. Chumi atan chuan necroptosis leh pyroptosis tih hmingte hman a ni. Chuvangin heng thil kalphung pahnih inthliarna hi chutiang chuan a chiang lo fo thin.

Natna enkawlna atana apoptosis chanvo

Zirchiangtute chuan apoptosis kalphung inthlak danglamna hian natna thenkhat a thlen thei tih an hria a, chuvangin tunah chuan apoptosis control thei tur damdawi siam chhuah an tum ta a ni.

• Cancer tan: Cancer cell-a apoptosis process a awm dik loh avangin chu cell te chu thi lovin an inthen chhunzawm zel a ni. Chuvangin, tunah hian cancer cell-a apoptosis process tichhuak thei emaw, ti chak thei emaw damdawi chungchangah zirchianna kalpui mek a ni.
• Neurological diseases tan: Alzheimer’s ang natnaah chuan thluak cell hrisel tak takte chuan apoptosis nasa lutuk an tawk thin. Hetiang ang case-ah hian zirchiangtute chuan apoptosis process block emaw, slow emaw thei damdawi siam an tum a ni.

He zirchianna hi a la kal zel a ni. He hriatna hi nakin lawkah natna tam tak enkawlnaah a pawimawh hle dawn a ni. Hemi kawngah hian damdawi lam dinhmun i neih chuan i doctor hnenah chipchiar zawk leh a chungchang thu thar ber ber i zawt thei ang.