‘High cholesterol’ leh ‘blocked blood vessels’ tih ang chi hi kan hre fo thin. Mahse, kan taksa chhungah hian engtin nge hetiang thil hi a thlen tak tak tih hi i ngaihtuah ngai em? Kan thisen kalna kawngte hi kan taksaa thisen kalna tur kawngpui ang mai a ni. Heng kawngte hian kan thinlung atanga thisen thianghlim, oxygen tamna, thianghlim tak chu kan taksa peng hrang hrangah a phur a. Ngaihtuah teh, chûng kawngpuite chu zawi zawiin thau leh chhetein a khuh a nih chuan eng nge thleng ang? Chu chu damdawi lamah chuan atherosclerosis kan tih chu a ni.
A awlsam zawngin, atherosclerosis chu eng nge ni?
Atherosclerosis chu kan thisen kalna (a bik takin thisen kalna kawng) bang chhunga thau, cholesterol, calcium leh thil dangte a lo awm zauh zauh a, ‘plaque’ a siam a ni. Hei hi damdawi lamah chuan ‘atheroma’ an ti a. He plaque hi a lo lian zauh zauh a, thisen kalna kawng chu a thim a, a khauh bawk. Hei hi "thisen kalna kawng khauh" emaw "thisen kal khauh" emaw kan ti thin.
Hemi chungchanga hlauhawm tak chu he thil hi ngawi rengin a thleng a, a tir lamah chuan engmah chhinchhiahna a awm lo. Kum tam tak chhung chu inthlak danglamna i hmu lo mai thei. Mahse hun kal zelah he plaque hi a lo thang lian a, thisen kalna kawng chhunga lumen (thisen kalna hmun) chu a ti tawi a ni.
Traffic congestion vangin lane pali nei kawngpui chu lane khatah tihhniam a nih hi han mitthla teh. Thisen kal chu nasa takin a tlahniam a ni. Chumi awmzia chu kan taksa peng hrang hrangte hian an mamawh oxygen leh nutrients an hloh tihna a ni. Chu aia hlauhawm zawk chu he thisen kalna kawng hi thisen kal chak lutuk avang hian a chhe nghal thei a ni. Chutiang a lo thlen chuan kan taksa hian thisen zam a siam a, chu chuan hliam chu a tidam a ni.
Thisen kalna kawng zim chu kawng khar ang a nih chuan, thisen zam chu chu kawng lai takah chuan daltu ang a ni. Thisen kal chu a titawp vek thei a ni.
Hetianga thisen kal dan khap a nih chuan eng nge thleng thin? Khawiah nge clot a lo awm tih ah a innghat. Entirnan, thinlunga thisen petu coronary artery-a a awm chuan thinlungin oxygen a hmu tlem ang a, chu chuan heart attack a thlen ang .
Hetiang dinhmun hi engtiang chiahin nge a awm?
Atherosclerosis hi a takah chuan natna tlanglawn tak a ni. Arteries-a thau tam lutuk avanga harsatna awm, heart attack leh stroke te hi khawvel puma thihna thlentu lian ber a ni. Survey-ah chuan kum chanve vel mi tam takin he natna hi an nei a, mahse a chanve vel chuan an hre lo pawh a ni thei.
Hei hi eng symptoms nge ni?
Kan sawi tawh ang khan a tir lamah chuan symptom a awm lo. Thisen kalna kawng 70% aia tam a block chuan symptoms a lang tan thin. Mi tam zawk chuan he natna hi an nei tih hi emergency, heart attack emaw stroke emaw a awm hnuah chauh an hrechhuak thin.
Thisen kalna kawng a block na hmun azirin taksa peng hrang hrangah symptoms a lang thei.
| Taksa peng a nghawng | Symptoms awm thei te |
|---|---|
| Thinlung (Coronary Artery natna) 1. A rilru a hah lutuk chuan a rilru a buai em em a. |
|
| Chaw ei dan (digestive system) a ni (Mesenteric Ischemia) tih a ni. |
|
| Ke leh ke (Peripheral Artery natna) 1. A rilru a hah lutuk chuan a rilru a buai em em a. |
|
| Kidney a ni (Renal Artery Stenosis) tih a ni. |
|
| Thluak (Carotid Artery natna) 1.1. |
|
Engvangin nge thisen kalna kawngte hi hetiang hian a inkharkhip thin? A chhante chu engte nge ni?
Zirchiangtute chuan atherosclerosis thlentu lian ber ber engemaw zat a awm niin an ngai.
- Cholesterol tha lo (LDL) leh triglycerides level a sang.
- Zuk leh hmuam thil hman (meizial zuk).
- Thisen sang a sang.
- Zunthlum.
Heng thilte hian kan thisen kalna (endothelium) chhunga lining nalh tak chu a tichhe thei a ni. He chhiatna hian atherosclerosis process a ti tan a ni. He chhiatna hi zan khat thil thuah a thleng lo va, hun rei tak chhung a thleng thin.
Hetiang kalphung hi chipchiar takin han thlir ila.
Hei hi kum tam tak chhunga kalpui tawh a ni. Hengte hi a bulpui ber a ni.
1. Endothelial damage: Cholesterol sang, cigarette-a toxins, leh thisen sang te ang chi thilte hian thisen kalna chhungril lam a tichhe thei a ni . Hetiang chhiatna a thlen hian thisen var (white blood cells) te chu a hmunah an hip lut thin. Heng cell te hi an pungkhawm a, thisen kalna kawng chhungah inflammation an siam thin.
2. Fatty streak formation: Hei hi atherosclerosis chhinchhiahna hmuh theih hmasa ber a ni. Thisen var, a chhiatna hmun thleng tawhte chuan cholesterol chi hrang hrangte chu an khuh vek a, chu chu paih chhuah an tum a ni. Heng cholesterol tamna cell te hi ‘foam cells’ an ti a. An thih chuan thisen kalna kawng bangah hian sen hring emaw, hmun emaw an hnutchhiah thin.
3. Plaque tihzauh dan:Cell thi leh thil chhe dangte a lo awm khawm zel chuan, chu thau hring te tak te chu zawi zawiin plaque lian zawkah a lo thang lian ta a ni. Tichuan, he plaque chhehvelah hian smooth muscle cells fibrous cap a lo awm ta a ni. Hei hian plaque chi hrang hrangte chu a inthen a, thisenah a inzawm khawm lo. He plaque hi a lian chhoh zel chuan thisen kalna tur hmun chu a zim ta hle a ni.
4. Plaque rupture: Hei hi a hlauhawm ber a ni. Plaque vel a plaque chu a puak nghal thei a ni. Chutiang a nih chuan chu hmunah chuan thisen zam (blood clot) a lo awm ta a ni. He thisen zam hian thisen kalna kawng chu a titawp vek a, thisen kal chu a titawp a ni. Hei hi heart attack emaw stroke emaw thlentu a ni.
Hei hi eng risk factors nge awm?
Atherosclerosis lo awm chhan hi risk factor tam tak a awm a. Chung zinga ṭhenkhat chu kan thlak danglam thei a, a then erawh kum ang bawkin kan thlak thei lo.
| Risk factor a ni | Hrilhfiahna |
|---|---|
| Kum leh mipa leh hmeichhia | Mipa kum 45 chunglam leh hmeichhia kum 55 chunglam te hi an hlauhawm zawk a ni. |
| Chhungkaw chanchin | I chhungte hnai ber zinga mi tu emaw chuan lung natna (mipa tan kum 45 hma, hmeichhia tan kum 55 a tlin hma) a nei tawh a nih chuan nang pawh hi i hlauhawm zawk a ni. |
| Zunthlum | Thisen sugar level sang chuan thisen kalna kawng a tichhe thin. |
| Thisen sang (Hypertension) 1.1. | Pressure a san chuan thisen kalna kawng a chhiat bakah thau a awm theihna a sang hle. |
| Cholesterol sang (Hyperlipidemia) 10. A rilru a hah lutuk chuan a rilru a buai em em a. | A chhan ber chu a bik takin bad cholesterol (LDL) level a san vang a ni. |
| Meizial zuk | Cigarette-a chemical awmte hian thisen kalna kawng a tichhe nghal vek a ni. |
| Exercise tih loh | Taksa tihchak loh hian thau lutuk, cholesterol sang leh thisen sang a thlen thin. |
| Ei leh in hrisel lo | Saturated fat, trans fat, chi, leh sugar tamna diet ei. |
Atherosclerosis avanga harsatna awm thei te chu engte nge ni?
Thisen kal chak lohna hian harsatna lian tham engemaw zat a thlen thei a ni. A bulpui berte chu:
- Coronary artery natna a ni
- Lung natna
- Lungphun dik lo (Arrhythmia) .
- Lung lam chak lohna
- Thai
- Transient ischemic attack (TIA) hi a awm thei lo.
- Peripheral artery natna a ni
- Kal natna rei tak (CKD) .
- Thisen kalna kawng chak lo, bulge (aneurysms) leh puak chhuak.
He natna hi a hmaa hriatchhuah leh enkawl hian heng harsatna hlauhawm tak takte hi a veng thei a, a tikhawtlai thei bawk.
He natna hi engtin nge kan hriat theih ang?
I doctor chuan he natna hi a hriat theih nan emaw, i risk a chhut theih nan emaw step engemaw zat a zawm ang.
1. Taksa enfiahna famkim: Hei hian i thinlung leh i thisen kalna kawnga thisen luang chhuak thawm hriat nan stethoscope hmanga ngaihthlak a huam a ni. Entirnan, i kawr chhunga carotid arteries i ngaihthlak laiin "whooshing" sound ("bruit") i hriat chuan thisen zam a awm tih hriatna a ni thei.
2. I damdawi lam chanchin leh chhungkaw chanchin zawh: He thu hian i hlauhawmna tehna atan a pui thei a ni.
3. I nunphung zawhna: Meizial i zu leh in loh leh i ei leh in eng ang nge tih te zawhna.
4. Thisen test order dan: Hengte hian i cholesterol level, sugar level, leh heart function chungchang tam tak a pe thei a ni.
Test hmangin a dinhmun finfiah a ni
A châng chuan, a natna hmuhchhuah leh enkawl dan tur ruahman nan test dang neih belh a ngai ṭhin.
- Angiography: X-ray leh dye bik hmanga thisen kalna kawng kha khawiah nge a block tih chiang taka hriat theihna test a ni.
- ECG (Electrocardiogram): Thinlung electric activity, rate leh rhythm te a teh thin.
- Echocardiogram: Thinlung valve leh chamber te thlalak a la a, thinlungin thisen a pump that dan a en thin.
- Exercise stress test: I heart rate hi exercise i tih laiin (treadmill-a i kal laiin) teh a ni.
- Ultrasound Scan: He test hi kawr (Carotid ultrasound) emaw, pum chhunga thisen kalna kawng (Abdominal ultrasound) a thickness leh thau a awm leh awm loh enfiah nan hman a ni.
- CT scan: He scan hian taksa chhung lam thlalak a la a, thisen kalna kawng lian tak tak thick leh narrowing te a hriat theih.
Engtin nge enkawl a nih?
Atherosclerosis enkawlnaah hian nunphung thlak danglam te, damdawi ei te, a tul chuan operation emaw, enkawlna dang emaw a tel a ni. I doctor chuan i tana tha ber tur treatment plan a siam ang.
1. Nunphung tihdanglam
Hengte hi a pawimawh ber a ni. Heng inthlak danglamna te hian harsatna awm thei chu nasa takin a tihziaawm thei a ni.
- Zuk leh hmuam siam zawng zawng hi pumpelh rawh. Meizial i zuk chuan bansan nghal rawh.
- Thinlung hrisel ei tur ei rawh. Mediterranean diet ei hi a tha ber a, chutah chuan thlai, thei, legumes, sangha, leh thau hrisel tak tak olive oil ang chi tam tak a tel a, sa sen leh processed foods ei tlem a tha.
- Nitin exercise la. Kea kal tawi atanga tan la, ni khatah minute 30 tal exercise tih thlengin thawk la, kar khat chhunga ni tam zawkah.
2. Damdawi (damdawi chi hrang hrang) .
Damdawi hian thau tamna tur risk factors control nan a pui thei a ni. I doctor chuan hetiang hian a rawt thei ang:
- Cholesterol tihhniamna damdawi (e.g., statins) te.
- Thisen sang tihhniamna damdawi.
- Thisen sugar level control thei damdawi.
- Thisen zam tur venna damdawi (e.g., aspirin) pek theih a ni.
3. Enkawl dan leh zai dan
Thisen kalna kawng nasa taka a inkhar emaw, harsatna a thlen theihna a sang hle emaw a nih chuan heng enkawlna chi hrang hrangte hi i hman a ngai mai thei.
- Angioplasty leh Stent dah: Thisen kalna kawngkhar khar chhungah balloon te tak te dahin, thisen kalna kawng zau zawka tihzauh nan inflated a, mesh ang chi tube (stent) te tak te dahin, a khar leh loh nan.
- Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG): Taksa peng dang atanga thisen lak chhuah hmanga thisen kalna kawngkhar block bypass a, thisen kalna thar siam dan a ni .
Engtin nge i tih ang?
Hetiang dinhmun hi i nei tih i hriat chuan hlau suh. A pawimawh ber chu Doctor nen hnaih taka thawh dun hi a ni.
- A hrilh angin a hun ruatah clinic-ah kal rawh.
- I thisen sang, cholesterol leh sugar level te enfiah fo la, control la.
- Symptom thar a lo lang emaw, symptom awmsa a danglam emaw chuan doctor hnenah hrilh nghal rawh.
- I rilru hriselna pawh uluk hle ang che. Hetiang dinhmun nena kan nun hian lungkhamna leh hlauhna neih hi thil pangngai a ni. A tul chuan i chhungte, i thiante emaw, counselor emaw hnenah sawipui rawh.
Engtikah nge Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ah i kal ang?
Nangmah emaw i bula mi emaw chuan heart attack (rilru na nasa tak, thawk harsa, kut veilam atanga natna radiating) emaw, stroke (hmai sir khatah tla, tawng harsa, taksa sir khatah hriatna hloh) emaw i neih chuan 1990 ah ambulance call nghal la emaw, damdawi in hnai ber Emergency Department (ETU) ah kal nghal rawh. Hengte hi emergency, enkawl vat ngai a ni.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- Atherosclerosis hi a ngawi reng a, mahse a hlauhawm hle a, thisen kalna kawng chhungah a lo awm thin.
- Cholesterol sang, thisen sang, zunthlum, leh meizuk hi a hlauhawmna ber a ni.
- He hlauhawmna hi ei leh in tha, exercise neih fo leh meizuk loh hian nasa takin a tihziaawm thei a ni.
- Risk i nih chuan, symptoms nei lo mah la, medical checkup neih chhunzawm zel a pawimawh hle.
- Heart attack emaw stroke emaw symptoms te hi ngaihthah suh. Emergency a ni. Damdawi lam pan nghal rawh.
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