Nausen thihna chhante kan sawi dawn em ni?

Vawiin hian thupui sensitive deuh, mahse pawimawh tak mai kan sawi dawn a ni. Chu chu naute tê tête hloh, chu chu pian kum khatna chhûnga min kalsan tihna a ni. Hei hi doctor leh zirchiangtuten `(Infant Mortality)` an tih chu a ni. He thu hi i hriat hian statistics i ngaihtuah mai thei a, mahse a nihna takah chuan hei hnuaiah hian lungngaihna tuar theih loh, chhungkaw pakhata beidawnna a awm a ni.

Nausen Thihna hi eng nge ni? Kan hrethiam chiah em?

A awlsam zawngin `Infant Mortality` tih hian nausen pian atanga thla 12 chhunga thi, chu chu kum khat a tlin hmaa thi tihna a ni. Thumal dang `(Neonatal mortality)` tih a awm bawk. Nausen pian tirh ni 28 chhunga thi tihna a ni. Heng thumalte hi statistics leh research atan hman ni mah se, nun tak takah chuan hei hi thil hrehawm tak a ni. I taksa peng khat pawh a bo tawh ang mai a ni a, hmalam pan dan tur pawh i ngaihtuah thei lo.

Mahse, engvangin nge he thu hi kan sawi? A chhan chu, hetiang thil hi a thleng tur a ni lo. Naute tin hian hrisel taka nun bul tan theihna an nei a, an piancham vawi khatna leh vawi hnihna chauh ni lovin, a dang tam tak an hmang thei bawk. Mahse, naute leh an chhungte hriselna tichhe thei thil engzat nge awm?

Kan hriselna tichhe thei, hriselna tichhe thei khawtlang nun (social determinants of health) te hi he thil nen hian a inzawm fo thin. Ngaihtuah teh, naupai laiin ei leh in leh nau neih hmaa enkawlna ang chi thil bulpui ber ber pawh i dawng lo a nih chuan naute hrisel beisei chu a harsa ta hle mai. Zirchiangtute leh doctor-te chuan hetiang harsatna hi paih bo a, mi zawng zawngin naupai hrisel tak an neih theihna tur leh naute hrisel tak tak an hrin theihna tur boruak siam an tum reng a ni.

Naupang tê tête kan laka an inṭhen chhante chu engte nge ni?

Tuna khawvela statistics atanga a lan dan chuan, a bik takin America ang ramah chuan nausen thihna thlentu lian ber ber engemaw zat a awm a:

• Congenital abnormalities (or birth defects): Hengte hi nausen pum chhunga a lo seilian laia taksa emaw, thlahtute emaw lama harsatna hrang hrang lo awm thin a ni. Ṭhenkhat chu kum tling lo an ni a, ṭhenkhat erawh chu nunna atana hlauhawm tak an ni thei thung.
• Preterm birth leh low birth weight: Nausen piang hun ruat hma, chu chu kar 37 hmaa piangte hian an taksa peng hrang hrang a lo thanglian kim loh avangin harsatna hrang hrang an tawk thei a ni. Tin, naute pian tirh atanga gram 2500 aia rit lote pawh an hlauhawm zawk bawk.
• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS): Hei hi natna lungchhiatthlak tak a ni. Nausen hrisel tak a thih thut a, a tlangpuiin a mut laiin, chhan hriat loha a thih hian a ni.
• Beisei loha chetsualna: Chung zingah chuan car accident, tlu, tuiah pil, leh thawk hah te a tel. Naute hi an hlauhawm em em a, enkawl that a pawimawh hle.
• Naupai laia harsatna: Naupai laia nu chunga thil awm, thisen sang, zunthlum, leh natna hrik kai te pawhin naute a nghawng thei bawk.

Nau piang tharte a bik taka nghawng thei chhan

Nau piang thar, chu chu ni 28 hmasa chhunga naute nghawngtu berte chu:

• Bacterial sepsis: Hei hi natna khirh tak a ni.
• Respiratory distress syndrome: Hetiang dinhmun hi a lo awm thei a, a bik takin naute piang hmaah chuan an lung a lo thang kim lo a ni.
• Congenital heart disease: Nau piang laia awm thin thinlung insiam dan emaw, hnathawh dan emaw lama harsatna awm .
• Hemorrhage: Thluak chhungah emaw hmun dangah emaw thisen chhuak tam lutuk.

Tun hmaa nausen thihna thlentu eng nge ni? Tunah hian eng dinhmun nge ni?

Tuna a chhante nena khaikhin chuan, tun hmaa, chu chu kum 1800 chho tawp lam, nausen thihna thlentu ber chu natna hrik kai theihna a ni . Ngaihtuah teh, chutih lai chuan ril\am, khuh, hnim hring, pneumonia, leh TB ang chi natnate avanga nunna tlemte engzat nge hloh ang?

Mahse, hun kal zelah he dinhmun hi a danglam nasa hle. Mipui hriselna atana hmalakna hrang hrang, tui thianghlim, bawnghnute pasteurization (bawnghnutea hrik tihhlum dan), leh vaccine pek te hian heng natna hrik laka naute venhimna a siamsak a ni.

Kum 1900 chho tir lam khan nausen thi zinga 60% aia tam chu natna hrik kai a ni. Mahse kum 1990 chho tawp lamah chuan chu chu 2%-ah a tlahniam ta a ni. Eng hmasawnna lian tak nge ni lawm ni?

He IMR (Nausen thihna Rate) hi engzat nge ni? Chuta ṭang chuan eng nge kan zir theih?

`IMR` tih thumal hi i hre tawh mai thei. `IMR` tih hi `Nausen thihpui zat` tihna a ni. A awlsam zawngin, hei hi nausen piang nung 1,000 zinga kum khat hmaa thi zat a ni. Nau piang thi emaw, nau pai emaw a huam lo.

Researcher-te chuan he `IMR` value hi population group hrang hrang (e.g., ram chhunga, bial chhunga, hnam, sum lakluh level) zinga nausen thihna thleng dan zir chianna atan an hmang a ni. Hei hian thil tam tak a hrethiam thei a ni:

• Naupai leh nau neih hrisel tak neih theihna turin eng mi nge leh khawi hmunah nge hmanraw leh puihna tam zawk mamawh tih hriatchhuah.
• Hei hian naute thihna chungchang chauh ni lovin, khawtlang emaw, mipui pawl emaw hriselna zawng zawng a pe bawk. A chhan chu naute thihna tichhe thei thil tam tak (hriselna lama service leh resources hmuh theihna ang chi) hian chu pawla mi zawng zawng a nghawng a ni.
• He data hmang hian naupai hrisel leh naute hrisel tan policy siamin a tul anga inthlak danglamna kan siam thei a ni.

Khawvel leh kan bial dinhmun tlem tal hriat chian

United States ang ram changkang takah pawh kum 2022-a `IMR` chu nau piang nung 1,000-ah 5.6 a ni. Tin, chu ram chhunga hnam thenkhat (e.g. African Americans) zingah chuan he rate hi ram pum average aiin a let hnih vel a ni. Hei hian ram chhungah pawh inthlauhna a awm zia a tilang chiang hle.

He `IMR` hlutna hi khawvel ram hrang hrangah a inang lo hle. Entir nan:

• `IMR` sang ber ram thenkhat chu: Sierra Leone, Central African Republic, Nigeria, Somalia te an ni . Heng ram thenkhatah hian nausen piang 1000 ah nausen thi 70 chuang an awm a.
• `IMR` hniam ber ram thenkhat chu: Japan, Singapore, Norway, Slovenia te an ni . Heng ramte hian nausen piang 1000 zelah nausen thi 2 an nei tlem hle.

Hei hian naute piancham hmasa ber lawmna chance chu an pianna hmun leh an resources neih (a bik takin health services) a zirin a danglam thei tih chiang takin a tarlang a ni. Sri Lanka-ah hian hemi kawngah hian ram changkang tam tak kan hmachhawn a. Hemi kawngah hian a thlawna kan hriselna enkawlna, a bik takin nu leh naupang clinic system hi chakna ropui tak a ni. Mahse he dinhmun hi siam that lehzual turin tih tur tam tak kan nei a ni.

Heng nausen thihna hi eng nge kan tih theih ang?

Vanduaithlak takin nausen thihna zawng zawng hi ven theih a ni lo. Technology tha ber ber leh doctor tha ber ber hmang pawhin thunun theih loh chhan thenkhat a awm. Mahse naupai lai leh naute pian hnua enkawlna i dawn hian danglamna nasa tak a thlen thei tih kan hria.

Khawvel pum huap harsatna pakhat chu mi zawng zawngin hriselna lama service leh resources inang an nei vek lo tih hi a ni. Researcher leh policy siamtute chuan he harsatna hi chinfel tumin an bei reng a ni. Tum ber chu mi tinin mahni leh an fate hriselna humhimna atana an mamawh resources te chu tihbuai loha an neih theih nan a ni.

Mimal level-ah chuan naupai hrisel leh naute hrisel tak neih theih nan thil engemaw zat i tih theih a awm a:

• Naupai hmaa i hriselna enkawl dan: Damdawi lam harsatna rei tak (e.g. zunthlum, thisen sang) i neih chuan naupai hmain doctor pan la, thunun hmasa phawt ang che.
• Hun ruat angin antenatal clinic-ah kal: I doctor/midwife-in a hrilh ang chiah khan clinic tinah kal rawh. Hei hian nang leh i naute hriselna chu enfiah reng a nih theih nan a pui ang.
• Doctor thurawn zawm: Naupai laia i tih tur (e.g., chaw tha, vitamin pek) leh i tih loh tur (e.g., zu in, zu) chungchangah i doctor thurawn chu uluk takin zawm rawh.
• I naute tan mutna hmun him siam: Hei hi SIDS laka invenna atan a pawimawh hle. I naute chu hmai hnuai lam mut tir suh, i naute chu a hnungzang chungah mattress nghet takah dah rawh. Mutna hmunah hian infiamna emaw, puan emaw dah suh.
• Car chhunga i naute himna atana car seat hman dan: I naute zin apianga in fit tur car seat dik taka dah hmang thin ang che.

Damdawi inah naute a pian veleh Doctor ten an enfiah nghal a. Hei hian hriselna lama harsatna an neih apiang chu rang takin an hre thei a, a tul anga enkawlna an tan thei bawk.

A tawp berah chuan hriat reng tur pawimawh ber (Take-Home Message) .

Hei hi thupui sawi leh ngaihtuah awlsam a ni lo tih kan hria. He thu i chhiar lai hian hlauhna, lungkhamna, a nih loh leh lungngaihna i nei thei a, a bîk takin chutiang thil i tawn tawh chuan. Hei hi chhan i zawng a ni mai thei. A nih loh leh, he thu hi zir belh tura lo kal i nih chuan, thil tih a ngai niin i hria mai thei.

I mimal chanchin eng pawh ni se, hei hi hriat a pawimawh: Khawvel hmun hrang hranga hriselna lama mithiamte, zirchiangtute leh sorkarte chuan heng naute thihna tihtlem nan leh naute tinte nun bul tanna hrisel tak siam turin nitin nasa takin hma an la mek a ni.

A chhan chu chhungkaw tumahin naute boralna tuar theih loh hrehawmna hi an paltlang a ngai tur a ni lo. Hemi chungchang hi kan hriat tam poh leh science lama hmasawnna nena thil thar kan hmuhchhuah tam poh leh kan chhungkua kan tanpui thei a, naupang tê apiangte hmangaihna nena he khawvela kan lo lawm theihna tur boruak kan siam thei bawk.

` Nausen thihpui, Nausen thihpui, Hriselna, Naupai enkawl dan, SIDS, Nau piangsual, Nau piang rihna hniam, Nu hriselna, Naupang hriselna