Taksa hmelma mantu secret system (opsonization) chungchang hi kan zir dawn em ni?

Kan taksa chhungah hian engzat nge indona a awm reng tih hi i ngaihtuah ngai em? Pawn lam atanga lo chhuak virus te, bacteria ang chi natna hrik te, taksa chhunga cancer cell lo piang chhuak te, emaw kan cell tar leh thi te... Heng zawng zawng laka kan taksa venhimna tur defense system lian tak kan nei vek a ni. Hei hi immune system kan ti a. Kan ram humhalhtu sipai ang mai a ni. Mahse, engtin nge he sipai hian tute nge hmelma leh tu nge thian tih a hriat? Vawiin hian chutiang lama pui thei tur process mak tak, eng emaw chen buaithlak tak, mahse pawimawh tak tak kan sawi dawn a ni.

Opsonization chu eng nge ni? A awlsam zawngin i hrethiam ang u.

He thumal hi a buaithlak deuhin a lang thei a, mahse a concept erawh a awlsam khawp mai. Opsonization hi a awlsam zawngin kan immune system hian kan tana thil tha lo, hrik emaw cell chhia emaw te "mark" a, a man theihna a ni.

Hei hi han mitthla teh. Rukru pakhat a tlanchhuak a, i in chhungah a inthup a ni. Police te an lo kal a, an zawng a, mahse hmuh a har khawp mai. Mahse, tu emaw lo kal a, rukru thawmhnaw chungah chuan sticker eng mawi tak a tar a nih chuan engtin nge ni ang? Tichuan police te chuan awlsam takin rukru chu an hre thei a, thim zingah pawh an man thei a ni. Chu chu he process opsonization an tih hian a thleng thin. Protein chi khat bik chu kan taksa venhimna cell-te’n awlsam taka an hriat theih loh natna hrik leh duh loh cell-ah a innghat a. Chu sticker eng mawi tak ang chiah chuan. Tichuan kan defense cell te chu an lo kal a, heng thil "marked" te hi an hmu a, an man a, an tichhia a ni.

He thumal hi Greek tawng atanga lo chhuak a ni a, "tui tak siam" tihna a ni. Chaw tui kan siam a, ei kan duh ang bawkin, he process hian kan immune cell te chu natna hrik "ei" duhna tur khawpin a mark a ni.

Chuti a nih chuan heng "marker" Opsonins tia koh te hi tute nge ni?

A hmaa kan sawi tawh "shiny stickers" te kha i hre reng em? Chu stickers chu damdawi lama opsonin kan tih chu a ni. Hengte hi kan thisen leh lymphatic system-a zalen taka awm protein bik an ni. Immune system a thawh chuan an thawk chhuak a, chu natna hrik emaw, duh loh cell emaw chung lamah chuan an innghat tlat thin.

Heng opsonin te hi "bridging molecule" an ti bawk a, a chhan chu he natna hrik leh a tichhe tura lo kal immune cell inkara inzawmna (bridge) an siam vang a ni. He bridge hian immune cell hian awlsam takin hrik chu a man thei a, a khuh thei bawk.

Phagocytosis tih thumal lian tak hi eng nge a awmzia?

Phagocytosis tih hi "cell-in thil a ei leh a tihchhiat" tihna atana hman a ni. A awlsam zawngin, "cellular engulfment" a ni. Kan taksa chhunga defense cell thenkhat, bawlhhlawh paihna truck ang chi te hian thil duh loh te chu an ei zo a, an ei a, an ei zo a, an tichhia a ni. Hengte hi "swallowing" cell kan ti aPhagocytes tia koh a ni.

Heng phagocytic cells te hian eng nge an ei?

• Germ: Pawn lam atanga rawn lut reng reng, virus, bacteria, fungi te.
• Infected cells: Kan cell ngei, hrik in a tihchhiat tawh.
• Dead or senescent cells: An dam chhung tawp thlenga hmantlak tawh lo cell.
• Cancer cells: Cell thang dan pangngai lo leh taksa tichhe thei.
• Cell fragments: Cell thih huna a la awm te te.

Hetiang chaw ei dan dik tak a awm theih nan opsonization an tih "marking" tih hi a pawimawh hle.

Engtin nge heng phagocyte te hian hna an thawh?

Heng phagocytic cell te hi robot te tak te ang mai an ni. Kan taksaah hian signaling system hrang hrang an nei a, chu chuan an ei duh leh ei loh tur a hrilh a ni. Hetiang table-a heng signal chi hrang hrangte hi han hrethiam mai ila.

Eng ang opsonin nge awm?

Kan taksa hian hmêlma chi hrang hrang hriat theih nan opsonin chi hrang hrang a hmang a. Entirna lian ber ber thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Antibodies: Hengte hi kan immune system-a special forces sipai te an ni. Tun hmaa hriat tawh hrik (antigen) a lo lang leh chuan, chabiin lock a fit ang maiin, hrik chu an inzawm leh ta a ni. Vawikhat a inzawm chuan antibody hian opsonin angin hna a thawk bawk. A bik takin Immunoglobulin G (IgG) leh Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies te hian he hna hi an thawk tha hle.
• Complement factors: Hei hi kan taksa hriselna (immune system) thawk ho theitu protein awmkhawm a ni. He system hi a activate chuan a siam protein thenkhat (entir nan, C3b leh C4b ) te chu an kal a, germs chung lamah an innghat ta a ni. Hengte hian opsonin chak tak angin hna an thawk a ni.
• Phosphatidylserine-binding opsonins: He hming hi a buaithlak deuh a. A awlsam zawngin hetiang hi a ni. Cell a thih dawn (apoptosis) chuan a cell membrane chhunga molecule pakhat a chhuak a. Hei hi a hmaa kan sawi tawh "eat-me" signal kha a ni. Hei hi opsonin chi khat bik a ni a, chu signal chu a binding a ni.
• Opsonin dang: Heng bakah hian opsonin anga thawk protein dang engemaw zat a awm bawk. Entirnan, fibronectin leh mannose-binding lectin te hi a ni.

Engvangin nge opsonization hi a pawimawh?

Hetiang kalphung hi kan dam khawchhuahna atan a pawimawh hle. Chumi chhan lian tak pahnih a awm.

1. Catch tricky germs: Bacteria thenkhat chuan anmahni vel chu capsule ang maia khuh thuk tak an siam thin. Hei hian kan phagocyte te tan chuan man leh ei harsa a ti hle. Savun bar ang maiin an tlan chhuak ta a ni. Mahse opsonins (a bik takin C3b leh antibodies) te an lo kal a, he capsule chung lamah hian an inzawm tlat chuan phagocytes te hian "handle" an nei a, chu chu an man thei a ni. Chumi hnuah chuan awlsam takin an ei zo vek a, an boral vek bawk.

2. I taksa vawng fai rawh: Nitin kan taksaah hian cell maktaduai tam tak a thi a, a thar a lo piang chhuak thin. Heng cell thi te hi chutianga an awm reng chuan an ro thei a, taksa tana toxic an ni thei a, natna chi hrang hrang a thlen thei a ni. Opsonization kalphung avang hian heng cell thi mek te hi "marked" an ni a, phagocytic cell te chu an lo kal a, an paih chhuak nghal vat thin. Chuvang chuan hei hi kan taksa hrisel leh thianghlimna atana puitu lian tak a ni.

Hetiang kawngah hian thil dik lo a awm a nih chuan eng nge thleng ang?

System dang ang bawkin he opsonization process hi a kal sual thei a ni. Genetic diseases, damdawi thenkhat nghawng emaw, chhan dang emaw hian he system hnathawh hi a tibuai thei a ni. Tichuan harsatna chi hnih lian tak a lo chhuak thei a ni.

• Thil tha lo tihchhiat theih lohna: Opsonin siam that loh chuan emaw, phagocyte ten an hriat theih loh chuan natna hrik, cell chhia leh cancer cell te chu taksaah an pungkhawm tan thin. Hei hian natna kai fo, na tak leh cancer vei theihna a tipung thei a ni .

• Thil tihchhiat loh tur tihchhiat: A chang chuan he system-a tihsual vang hian opsonins te hi kan cell hrisel tak takte chung lamah a innghat tan thin. Tichuan, phagocytic cells te chu an lo kal a, chu cell hrisel tak takte chu "hmêlma" anga ngaihin an tichhia a ni. Hetiang dinhmun hi autoimmune disorders kan ti a . Entîr nân, natna chi hrang hrang, lupus . Research atanga a lan dan chuan he thil tihsual hian Alzheimer’s ang chi thluak lam natna a thlen thei bawk.

Hetiang dinhmunah hian rinhlelhna i neih chuan doctor hmu ngei ngei tur a ni a, thurawn lak a tha ber.

Opsonization hian natna a tidam thei em?

Hei hi tunah hian damdawi lam thil ngaihnawm tak a ni. Scientist te chuan he opsonization process hi control theih a nih leh nih loh leh natna tihdam theih a nih leh nih loh an zirchiang mek a ni.

• Cancer tan: Cancer cells hi cell chi fing tak a ni a, immune system a tlanchhiatsan thei a ni. Cancer cell chunglam chauh a innghat a, immune system tichhe thei tura pui thei artificial opsonin kan siam thei em tih kan chhui mek a ni.
• Infection tan: Bacteria, a bik takin antibiotics laka inven theihna tur "target" leh tihhlum dan tur zirchianna neih mek a ni.
• Autoimmune natna tan: Cell hrisel tak takte opsonization tikhawlo thei damdawi siam chhuah tum a ni.

Tin, opsonophagocytic killing assays (OPKA) hi vaccine hman tangkai dan tehna atana hman thin test a ni bawk. Vaccine siam antibodies te hian natna hrik pakhat "tag" a siam theih dan an teh a, phagocytes ten an tihchhiat theih dan an teh a ni.

Chuvangin, opsonization hi thil chak tak a ni a, ngawi rengin, hmuh theih lohvin, kan taksa chhungah a thleng a, mahse kan nunna a humhim thung. Kan defence force te hnena target dik tak lantir thin intelligence department ang mai a ni.