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I ha a chhe tawh em? An bo em ni? Prosthodontics chungchang hi i zir vek ang u!

I ha a chhe tawh em? An bo em ni? Prosthodontics chungchang hi i zir vek ang u!

A châng chuan kan beisei loh taka chetsualna emaw, hun rei tak chhunga ha chhiat vang emaw hian kan ha pakhat chu a chhe thei a, a bo thei bawk. Chutiang thil a lo thlen chuan nuih ringawt emaw, chaw tui tak ei emaw chu a harsa thin, a ni lawm ni? Hei hian i nunah nghawng lian tak a nei tak zet a ni. Nang pawhin chutiang harsatna chu i nei ve mai thei. Vawiin hian dentistry lama specialty pawimawh tak, ha chhe emaw, bo emaw aiah ha thar, mawi leh chak tak hmanga thlak thin kan sawi dawn a ni.

Prosthodontics chu eng nge ni mai?

He hming hi a mak deuhin a lang thei a, mahse a awmzia erawh a awlsam khawp mai. Prosthodontics tih thumal hi "prostho" tih awmzia chu "replacement" tihna leh "dentist" tih awmzia chu "tooth" tihna a ni. A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, Prosthodontics chu ha chhia emaw, bo emaw chu ha siam chhuah (dental prosthetics) hmanga thlak theihna art a ni.

Hemi lama tui doctor chu "Prosthodontist" an ti a. Ha lem siam, lallukhum, leh kawngpui siam turin a bik takin a zirtir a ni. Chu mai pawh ni lovin, heng specialist te hian TMJ natna ang chi harsatna khirh tak tak te pawh an enkawl thei bawk.

Prosthodontist leh regular dentist te hi eng nge an danglamna?

Hei hi mi tam takin zawhna an neih a ni. "Kan dentist hnena kal chu a pawi lo em ni? Engvangin nge he special doctor hi kan mamawh?" I ngaihtuah mai thei. Heng pahnih inthlauhna hi chiang takin i hrethiam ang u.

Doctor chi hrang hrang Hrilhfiahna
General Dentist a ni Ha enfiahna, tihfai leh filling-na atan a hnenah i kal tlangpui. Ha lakchhuah leh simple crown emaw bridge emaw ang chi enkawlna bulpui te pawh a ti thei bawk. I ha hriselna enkawltu ber a ni.
Prosthodontist (ha lam thiam bik) . Hei hi specialist field a ni. Dentistry-a degree kan neih hnuah pawh a tam zawkProsthodontist chu specialist a ni a, kum thum dang training a zo leh a ni. Ha thlakna tur siam (crown, bridge, denture, implants) siam dan te, ha lama harsatna khirh tak tak enkawl dan te, leh jaw joint natna te enkawl danah hriatna thuk tak a nei a ni. Damlo chu dentist pangngai tan pawha chinfel harsa tak tak, thil buaithlak tak tak a awm avangin Prosthodontist hnenah refer a ni.

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, general dentist chu i general practitioner (GP) ang a ni. Prosthodontist chu consultant ang mai a ni.

He enkawlna hi tute nge mamawh?

Okay, tunah chuan, "He enkawlna hi ka mamawh em?" Prosthodontist hmuh duhna chhan tlangpui thenkhat han thlir ila. Heng zinga pakhat tal i neih chuan i ha enkawltu nen inbia ang che.

  • Ha pakhat emaw, a aia tam emaw i tlakchham chuan: Accident emaw, a chhe emaw avanga ha a bo chuan ei leh in leh thusawi mai ni lovin, i hmai pianzia a nghawng a ni.
  • Ha a chhiat nasat chuan: Ha a chhe nasa hle a, a chhe nasa hle a, filling pangngai hmanga siamthat theih loh.
  • Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder: He natna hi i hmui i hawn leh khar huna activate thin i beng bula joint-a natna, "click" ri, emaw i hmui hawn harsatna i neih chuan a awm thei.
  • Kawng emaw hmai emaw a na: A chang chuan, ha a inrem tawk loh avangin hmai ruhte hian natna an nei thin.
  • Cosmetic ngaihtuahna: I ha pianzia, a rawng, a awm danah i lungawi loh chuan nuihza siamna tur ngaihtuah rawh.
  • Obstructive sleep apnea: Hei hi bengchheng mai mai a ni lo. Mut laiin thawk a tawp rei vak lo, natna khirh tak a ni. Hemi atan hian prosthodontist pawhin special oral appliances a siam thei bawk.

Prosthodontics leh Orthodontics hi thil hrang hrang pahnih a ni em?

Ni e, hetah hian mi tam tak an buai thin. Heng field pahnih hi dentistry ta ni mah se, hna hrang hrang pahnih an thawk a ni.

Damdawi lam field-ah a awm Eng nge tih tur
Orthodontics lam hawi Hei hi ha hrual tihdik nan an hmang thin. Orthodontist chuan i ha chungah braces, retainers, leh clear aligners dah ang chi thil a ti thin. I ha awmna tur a siamrem thin.
Prosthodontics tih a ni Hei hian ha bo emaw, ha chhe tawh emaw chu ha thar hmanga thlak a huam a ni. Prosthodontist chuan ha siam chhuah, ha lem, lallukhum, leh bridge ang chi a siam thin. Ha a thlak thin.

Prosthodontics-a enkawlna an tih berte chu engte nge ni?

Hemi kawngah hian enkawlna chi hrang hrang a awm a. Chûng zînga ṭhenkhat chu i hre tawh mai thei. A pakhat zel hi tawi te tein han thlir ila.

Ha lam lallukhum

Hei hi "capping a tooth" tia sawi a ni tlangpui. Bang chhe tawh chu tihchak nâna cement-a siam ang bawkin, lallukhum chu ha chhe tawh, chhe tawh, a nih loh leh a vênhim nâna zung zung nei tawh chunga dah, custom-made cap a ni. Ha chakna, a pianzia leh a lan dan a siam tha leh thin.

Ha lam Bridges te pawh a awm

I ha pahnih inkarah ha bo i nei ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. Chu chu a zawna ha pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw i hloh hun a ni. Hei hi ``bridge'' i neih hian a thleng dik tak a ni. Gap sir lehlama ha tha pahnih chu pillar atan an hmang a, chu ha pahnih chu an chungah ``crown'' dahin an inzawm a, a laiah ha bo chu a siam a ni. Hei hi fix nghet tak a ni.

Ha lem siamna

Hengte hi "dentures" kan tih tlangpui te hi an ni. An lak chhuah leh dah leh theih tura siam an ni a, ha lem hi chi hnih a awm a.

  • Full dentures: Hengte hi mi, an ha zawng zawng, an hmui chunglam emaw, hnuai lam emaw a bo vek tan hman a ni.
  • Partial dentures: Hengte hi hmun thenkhata ha bo tawhte ha la awmte nena inmil tura siam a ni.

Inlays leh Onlays te pawh a awm

Hei hi a special treatment deuh a ni. Ha chhe tawh i nei a, mahse a khur chu a lian lutuk a, mahse a ha chu a chhiat tawk loh avangin lallukhum a ngai lo ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. Chutah chuan heng ``(Inlays)`` leh ``(Onlays)`` te hi hman a ni. Puzzle piece ang maiin laboratory-ah ha awm lohna hmun nena inmil taka siam an ni a, chu piece chu ha-ah an inbuntir a ni. Hei hi filling pangngai aiin a chak zawk hle.

Ha dahna tur

Hei hi tunlai ha bo thlak dan tha ber leh tunlai ber a ni. Dental implants hi titanium atanga siam screw te tak te, ha bo zung thlak nan jawbone-a dah a ni.

1. A hmasa berin doctor chuan he ``implant'' hi i jawbone-ah surgery hmangin a dah ang.

2. Tichuan thla engemaw zat chu jawbone-ah nghet taka a inzawm theih nan a ngai a ni.

3. A insiam that chuan a chungah chuan lallukhum, kawngpui emaw, ha lem emaw siam a ni.

Hetiang hmanrua hi hmanraw dang aiin a man to deuh hlek nachungin, ha natural ang maia solution chak leh nghet tak a pe a ni.

Heng enkawlnate hian eng hlawkna nge a neih?

Prosthodontic treatment hlawkna hi pakhat emaw pahnih emaw a ni lo.

  • I ei \ha leh thei: I ha bo tawh i neih leh chuan i chaw duh ber chu hlau lovin i ei thei tawh ang.
  • Mawi takin i nui thei: Ha tliak emaw, ha bo emaw avanga i inrintawkna hloh kha i nei leh thei a ni.
  • Thusawi a chiang lehzual: Ha a bo chuan thumal thenkhat lam chu a harsa thei hle. Ha thar hmanga thlak chuan chu harsatna chu a chinfel sak a ni.
  • Hmai pianzia a vawng reng: Ha a bo chuan hmui a tla a, a upa hmel hle. Ha thlak a nih chuan hei hi a bo a, hmai a lang tha zawk.
  • Ha la awmte chu venhim a ni: Ha pakhat a bo chuan ha dangte chu hmun zau takah an kal tan ta a ni. Hei hi ha thar dah a nih chuan a tawp thin.
  • I seh kha i siam tha thei: Hei hian ei a ti awlsam ang a, jaw joint problem a tiziaawm bawk ang.

Risk a awm em? Kan hriat tur thilte

A tam zawkah chuan heng enkawlnate hi a hlauhawm vak lo. An him em em a ni. Mahse, damdawi lam enkawlna dang ang bawkin, hlauhawmna tlemte chauh a awm. Entirnan, natna kai emaw, nerve tihchhiat emaw theihna chance a tlem hle.

A pawimawh ber chu inenkawl zawha mahni inenkawl hi a ni. Doctor thupek dik takin i zawm tur a ni.

Inenkawl hnua khawsik i neih chuan, enkawlna hmun a\anga pus lo chhuak a awm a nih chuan, emaw, damdawi ei chung pawha natna nasa tak emaw, a hring emaw, a reh lo a nih chuan, tihkhawtlai lohvin i doctor hnenah hriattir nghal tur a ni.

Eng chen nge tihdam a ngaih?

He zawhna hi chhanna pakhat chauh a awm lo a, a dam hun chhung hi thil engemaw zatah a innghat a, chu chu i enkawlna chi leh ha enkawl zat te hi a ni.

Entirnan, mi pakhatin lallukhum pakhat chauh a neih chuan nitin hna a thawk nghal thei a ni. Amaherawhchu, mi pakhatin lallukhum pahnih, a chung lamah pakhat leh a hnuai lamah pakhat a nei a, ni hmasa berah chuan tawng leh ei a harsat phah thei a, chuvangin ni engemaw zat chawlh hahdam a ngai mai thei. Ha dahna ang chi surgical procedure hi thla engemaw zat a la ngai thei a, vawi tam tak tlawh a ngai a ni.

Chuvangin, a tha ber chu enkawl tan hmain doctor nen inbia a, eng chen nge a daih dawn tih te, engzat nge a sen dawn tih te, enkawl zawh hnua tih tur te chiang taka hriatthiam hi a ni.

Take-Home Thuchah a ni

  • Prosthodontics hi dentistry lama specialized field a ni a, ha chhia emaw, bo emaw chu ha siam chhuah hmanga thlak a ni.
  • Prosthodontist chu ha enkawltu a ni a, hemi atan hian training bik, additional training a dawng tawh a ni.
  • I ha a chhe emaw, a chhe emaw, a bo emaw a nih chuan ngaihthah suh. I ei leh in, i thusawi leh i hmelthatna a nghawng thei a ni.
  • Crown, bridge, denture, leh implant ang chi enkawlna hian i nunphung nasa takin a tichangtlung thei a ni.
  • Chutiang harsatna i neih chuan i general dentist rawn hmasa phawt ang che. A tul chuan specialist hnenah a refer ang che.
  • Ha enkawlna eng pawh hnua khawsik, natna nasa tak, hring, emaw, hnim hring emaw ang chi thil i hmuh chuan doctor hnenah hriattir nghal rawh.

Prosthodontics, dentistry, ha siam, ha siam, ha lallukhum, ha bridge, ha lem siam, ha dahna
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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Khawngaihin chhut la: 3 + 2 =
I ha a chhe tawh em? An bo em ni? Prosthodontics chungchang hi i zir vek ang u!

I ha a chhe tawh em? An bo em ni? Prosthodontics chungchang hi i zir vek ang u!

A châng chuan kan beisei loh taka chetsualna emaw, hun rei tak chhunga ha chhiat vang emaw hian kan ha pakhat chu a chhe thei a, a bo thei bawk. Chutiang thil a lo thlen chuan nuih ringawt emaw, chaw tui tak ei emaw chu a harsa thin, a ni lawm ni? Hei hian i nunah nghawng lian tak a nei tak zet a ni. Nang pawhin chutiang harsatna chu i nei ve mai thei. Vawiin hian dentistry lama specialty pawimawh tak, ha chhe emaw, bo emaw aiah ha thar, mawi leh chak tak hmanga thlak thin kan sawi dawn a ni.

Prosthodontics chu eng nge ni mai?

He hming hi a mak deuhin a lang thei a, mahse a awmzia erawh a awlsam khawp mai. Prosthodontics tih thumal hi "prostho" tih awmzia chu "replacement" tihna leh "dentist" tih awmzia chu "tooth" tihna a ni. A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, Prosthodontics chu ha chhia emaw, bo emaw chu ha siam chhuah (dental prosthetics) hmanga thlak theihna art a ni.

Hemi lama tui doctor chu "Prosthodontist" an ti a. Ha lem siam, lallukhum, leh kawngpui siam turin a bik takin a zirtir a ni. Chu mai pawh ni lovin, heng specialist te hian TMJ natna ang chi harsatna khirh tak tak te pawh an enkawl thei bawk.

Prosthodontist leh regular dentist te hi eng nge an danglamna?

Hei hi mi tam takin zawhna an neih a ni. "Kan dentist hnena kal chu a pawi lo em ni? Engvangin nge he special doctor hi kan mamawh?" I ngaihtuah mai thei. Heng pahnih inthlauhna hi chiang takin i hrethiam ang u.

Doctor chi hrang hrang Hrilhfiahna
General Dentist a ni Ha enfiahna, tihfai leh filling-na atan a hnenah i kal tlangpui. Ha lakchhuah leh simple crown emaw bridge emaw ang chi enkawlna bulpui te pawh a ti thei bawk. I ha hriselna enkawltu ber a ni.
Prosthodontist (ha lam thiam bik) . Hei hi specialist field a ni. Dentistry-a degree kan neih hnuah pawh a tam zawkProsthodontist chu specialist a ni a, kum thum dang training a zo leh a ni. Ha thlakna tur siam (crown, bridge, denture, implants) siam dan te, ha lama harsatna khirh tak tak enkawl dan te, leh jaw joint natna te enkawl danah hriatna thuk tak a nei a ni. Damlo chu dentist pangngai tan pawha chinfel harsa tak tak, thil buaithlak tak tak a awm avangin Prosthodontist hnenah refer a ni.

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, general dentist chu i general practitioner (GP) ang a ni. Prosthodontist chu consultant ang mai a ni.

He enkawlna hi tute nge mamawh?

Okay, tunah chuan, "He enkawlna hi ka mamawh em?" Prosthodontist hmuh duhna chhan tlangpui thenkhat han thlir ila. Heng zinga pakhat tal i neih chuan i ha enkawltu nen inbia ang che.

  • Ha pakhat emaw, a aia tam emaw i tlakchham chuan: Accident emaw, a chhe emaw avanga ha a bo chuan ei leh in leh thusawi mai ni lovin, i hmai pianzia a nghawng a ni.
  • Ha a chhiat nasat chuan: Ha a chhe nasa hle a, a chhe nasa hle a, filling pangngai hmanga siamthat theih loh.
  • Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder: He natna hi i hmui i hawn leh khar huna activate thin i beng bula joint-a natna, "click" ri, emaw i hmui hawn harsatna i neih chuan a awm thei.
  • Kawng emaw hmai emaw a na: A chang chuan, ha a inrem tawk loh avangin hmai ruhte hian natna an nei thin.
  • Cosmetic ngaihtuahna: I ha pianzia, a rawng, a awm danah i lungawi loh chuan nuihza siamna tur ngaihtuah rawh.
  • Obstructive sleep apnea: Hei hi bengchheng mai mai a ni lo. Mut laiin thawk a tawp rei vak lo, natna khirh tak a ni. Hemi atan hian prosthodontist pawhin special oral appliances a siam thei bawk.

Prosthodontics leh Orthodontics hi thil hrang hrang pahnih a ni em?

Ni e, hetah hian mi tam tak an buai thin. Heng field pahnih hi dentistry ta ni mah se, hna hrang hrang pahnih an thawk a ni.

Damdawi lam field-ah a awm Eng nge tih tur
Orthodontics lam hawi Hei hi ha hrual tihdik nan an hmang thin. Orthodontist chuan i ha chungah braces, retainers, leh clear aligners dah ang chi thil a ti thin. I ha awmna tur a siamrem thin.
Prosthodontics tih a ni Hei hian ha bo emaw, ha chhe tawh emaw chu ha thar hmanga thlak a huam a ni. Prosthodontist chuan ha siam chhuah, ha lem, lallukhum, leh bridge ang chi a siam thin. Ha a thlak thin.

Prosthodontics-a enkawlna an tih berte chu engte nge ni?

Hemi kawngah hian enkawlna chi hrang hrang a awm a. Chûng zînga ṭhenkhat chu i hre tawh mai thei. A pakhat zel hi tawi te tein han thlir ila.

Ha lam lallukhum

Hei hi "capping a tooth" tia sawi a ni tlangpui. Bang chhe tawh chu tihchak nâna cement-a siam ang bawkin, lallukhum chu ha chhe tawh, chhe tawh, a nih loh leh a vênhim nâna zung zung nei tawh chunga dah, custom-made cap a ni. Ha chakna, a pianzia leh a lan dan a siam tha leh thin.

Ha lam Bridges te pawh a awm

I ha pahnih inkarah ha bo i nei ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. Chu chu a zawna ha pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw i hloh hun a ni. Hei hi ``bridge'' i neih hian a thleng dik tak a ni. Gap sir lehlama ha tha pahnih chu pillar atan an hmang a, chu ha pahnih chu an chungah ``crown'' dahin an inzawm a, a laiah ha bo chu a siam a ni. Hei hi fix nghet tak a ni.

Ha lem siamna

Hengte hi "dentures" kan tih tlangpui te hi an ni. An lak chhuah leh dah leh theih tura siam an ni a, ha lem hi chi hnih a awm a.

  • Full dentures: Hengte hi mi, an ha zawng zawng, an hmui chunglam emaw, hnuai lam emaw a bo vek tan hman a ni.
  • Partial dentures: Hengte hi hmun thenkhata ha bo tawhte ha la awmte nena inmil tura siam a ni.

Inlays leh Onlays te pawh a awm

Hei hi a special treatment deuh a ni. Ha chhe tawh i nei a, mahse a khur chu a lian lutuk a, mahse a ha chu a chhiat tawk loh avangin lallukhum a ngai lo ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. Chutah chuan heng ``(Inlays)`` leh ``(Onlays)`` te hi hman a ni. Puzzle piece ang maiin laboratory-ah ha awm lohna hmun nena inmil taka siam an ni a, chu piece chu ha-ah an inbuntir a ni. Hei hi filling pangngai aiin a chak zawk hle.

Ha dahna tur

Hei hi tunlai ha bo thlak dan tha ber leh tunlai ber a ni. Dental implants hi titanium atanga siam screw te tak te, ha bo zung thlak nan jawbone-a dah a ni.

1. A hmasa berin doctor chuan he ``implant'' hi i jawbone-ah surgery hmangin a dah ang.

2. Tichuan thla engemaw zat chu jawbone-ah nghet taka a inzawm theih nan a ngai a ni.

3. A insiam that chuan a chungah chuan lallukhum, kawngpui emaw, ha lem emaw siam a ni.

Hetiang hmanrua hi hmanraw dang aiin a man to deuh hlek nachungin, ha natural ang maia solution chak leh nghet tak a pe a ni.

Heng enkawlnate hian eng hlawkna nge a neih?

Prosthodontic treatment hlawkna hi pakhat emaw pahnih emaw a ni lo.

  • I ei \ha leh thei: I ha bo tawh i neih leh chuan i chaw duh ber chu hlau lovin i ei thei tawh ang.
  • Mawi takin i nui thei: Ha tliak emaw, ha bo emaw avanga i inrintawkna hloh kha i nei leh thei a ni.
  • Thusawi a chiang lehzual: Ha a bo chuan thumal thenkhat lam chu a harsa thei hle. Ha thar hmanga thlak chuan chu harsatna chu a chinfel sak a ni.
  • Hmai pianzia a vawng reng: Ha a bo chuan hmui a tla a, a upa hmel hle. Ha thlak a nih chuan hei hi a bo a, hmai a lang tha zawk.
  • Ha la awmte chu venhim a ni: Ha pakhat a bo chuan ha dangte chu hmun zau takah an kal tan ta a ni. Hei hi ha thar dah a nih chuan a tawp thin.
  • I seh kha i siam tha thei: Hei hian ei a ti awlsam ang a, jaw joint problem a tiziaawm bawk ang.

Risk a awm em? Kan hriat tur thilte

A tam zawkah chuan heng enkawlnate hi a hlauhawm vak lo. An him em em a ni. Mahse, damdawi lam enkawlna dang ang bawkin, hlauhawmna tlemte chauh a awm. Entirnan, natna kai emaw, nerve tihchhiat emaw theihna chance a tlem hle.

A pawimawh ber chu inenkawl zawha mahni inenkawl hi a ni. Doctor thupek dik takin i zawm tur a ni.

Inenkawl hnua khawsik i neih chuan, enkawlna hmun a\anga pus lo chhuak a awm a nih chuan, emaw, damdawi ei chung pawha natna nasa tak emaw, a hring emaw, a reh lo a nih chuan, tihkhawtlai lohvin i doctor hnenah hriattir nghal tur a ni.

Eng chen nge tihdam a ngaih?

He zawhna hi chhanna pakhat chauh a awm lo a, a dam hun chhung hi thil engemaw zatah a innghat a, chu chu i enkawlna chi leh ha enkawl zat te hi a ni.

Entirnan, mi pakhatin lallukhum pakhat chauh a neih chuan nitin hna a thawk nghal thei a ni. Amaherawhchu, mi pakhatin lallukhum pahnih, a chung lamah pakhat leh a hnuai lamah pakhat a nei a, ni hmasa berah chuan tawng leh ei a harsat phah thei a, chuvangin ni engemaw zat chawlh hahdam a ngai mai thei. Ha dahna ang chi surgical procedure hi thla engemaw zat a la ngai thei a, vawi tam tak tlawh a ngai a ni.

Chuvangin, a tha ber chu enkawl tan hmain doctor nen inbia a, eng chen nge a daih dawn tih te, engzat nge a sen dawn tih te, enkawl zawh hnua tih tur te chiang taka hriatthiam hi a ni.

Take-Home Thuchah a ni

  • Prosthodontics hi dentistry lama specialized field a ni a, ha chhia emaw, bo emaw chu ha siam chhuah hmanga thlak a ni.
  • Prosthodontist chu ha enkawltu a ni a, hemi atan hian training bik, additional training a dawng tawh a ni.
  • I ha a chhe emaw, a chhe emaw, a bo emaw a nih chuan ngaihthah suh. I ei leh in, i thusawi leh i hmelthatna a nghawng thei a ni.
  • Crown, bridge, denture, leh implant ang chi enkawlna hian i nunphung nasa takin a tichangtlung thei a ni.
  • Chutiang harsatna i neih chuan i general dentist rawn hmasa phawt ang che. A tul chuan specialist hnenah a refer ang che.
  • Ha enkawlna eng pawh hnua khawsik, natna nasa tak, hring, emaw, hnim hring emaw ang chi thil i hmuh chuan doctor hnenah hriattir nghal rawh.

Prosthodontics, dentistry, ha siam, ha siam, ha lallukhum, ha bridge, ha lem siam, ha dahna
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Comment a la awm lo. Hetah hian i comment hi a vawikhatna atan add rawh.

I comment kha add rawh

Khawngaihin chhut la: 3 + 2 =