Ki te pātai atu tētahi ki a koe mō tō momo toto, ka taea e koe te whakautu? Tērā pea e mōhio ana koe, kāore pea. He tokomaha e whakaaro ana he reta noa iho te momo toto pērā i te A, B, O. Engari he tino uaua ake i tērā, ā, he mea nui hoki mō tō tātou hauora. Nō reira, i tēnei rā, me kōrero tātou mō ēnei momo toto, he mea ngāwari noa iho, pērā i te kōrero ki tētahi hoa.
He aha te tikanga o ēnei momo toto?
He rite tonu ngā wāhanga taketake o roto i ō tātou toto katoa. Engari kāore e rite te toto o te katoa. E waru ngā momo toto matua. Ko te momo toto ka riro i a koe ka whakatauhia e ngā ira ka riro i a koe i tō whaea me tō pāpā.
He māmā noa iho, he rerekē tō toto i tō tētahi atu nā te mea he pūmua motuhake kei te mata o ō toto whero. I roto i te rongoā, ka kiia ēnei he antigens . Tērā anō tētahi atu momo pūmua motuhake i roto i te toto toto, te wāhanga wai o ō tātou toto, e kiia ana ko ngā antibodies . Ka whakatauhia tō momo toto e te āhua o te whakakotahitanga o aua antigens me ngā antibodies.
Whakaarohia ō toto whero he whare iti. Mēnā he antigen (A) kei runga i tētahi o ēnei whare, ko te momo A koe. Mēnā he antigen (B), ko te momo B koe. Mēnā kei a koe ngā antigen e rua, ko te AB koe. Mēnā kāore he antigen, ko te O koe. He tino māmā noa iho, tika?
Ehara te toto i te wai whero noa iho. He maha ngā wāhanga o roto:
- Ngā toto whero: ka kawe i te hāora puta noa i te tinana.
- Ngā toto mā: Ka whawhai ki ngā iroriki e puta ai te mate.
- Ngā pereti toto: Ka āwhina i te aukati i te toto mā te hanga i ngā totoka toto ina whara.
Ngā momo toto matua me ō rātou hototahitanga
Kia tirohia tātou he aha ēnei momo toto matua e waru, me pēhea hoki te hototahitanga o tētahi ki tētahi. He mea tino nui tēnei hototahitanga ina koha toto ana, ina whiwhi toto ana hoki.
Kia mahara ki taku kōrero mō ngā antigens A me B i runga i te mata o ngā toto toto whero? Koinei te mea e kiia nei e tātou ko te pūnaha ABO . Hei tāpiri, tera anō tētahi atu antigen nui, e kiia nei ko te Rh factor .
- Mena kei roto i ō toto whero te Rh factor, ko tō momo toto he 'pai' (+) . (Tauira: A+, B+)
- Mena kāore i roto i ō toto whero te Rh factor, he 'kino' tō momo toto (-) . (Tauira: A-, O-)
E waru ngā momo toto matua ka hangaia mā te whakakotahitanga o te ABO me te Rh.
| Momo Toto | Ka taea e ēnei tāngata te tuku toto (Ka taea te tuku toto ki) | Ka taea te whiwhi mai i ēnei tāngata |
|---|---|---|
| A+ | A+, AB+ | A+, A-, Ō+, Ō- |
| A- | A+, A-, AB+, AB- | A-, O- |
| B+ | B+, AB+ | B+, B-, O+, O- |
| B- | B+, B-, AB+, AB- | B-, O- |
| AB+ | AB+ | Ngā momo toto katoa (Kaiwhiwhi Ao Whānui) |
| AB- | AB+, AB- | AB-, A-, B-, Ō- |
| O+ | O+, A+, B+, AB+ | O+, O- |
| O- | Ahakoa te tangata (Kaihoko Ao Whānui) | O- |
"Kaituku Ao Whānui" me te "Kaiwhiwhi Hua Ao Whānui"
Ki te titiro koe ki te ripanga, ka kite koe ka taea e te tangata he toto momo O kino (O-) te koha toto ki tētahi tangata he momo toto ahakoa pēhea. Koia te take i kiia ai te toto momo O ko te "Kaihoko Ao Whānui". Mēnā kāore he wā hei whakatau wawe i te momo toto o te tūroro, pērā i te wā ohorere, ka hoatu te toto O-.
Waihoki, ka taea e te tangata he momo toto AB pai (AB+) te whiwhi toto mai i tētahi momo toto. Nō reira, ka kiia te momo toto AB+ ko te "Kaiwhiwhi Ao Whānui".
He aha te mea nui ai te mōhio ki tō momo toto?
I mua, i mua i te tau 1901, i whakaaro ngā tākuta he rite tonu te momo toto o te katoa. Nō reira, i te tukunga o te toto o tētahi tangata ki tētahi atu, ka pāngia ētahi e te mate kino, ā, ka mate. I te tau 1901, i kitea tēnei pūnaha momo toto e tētahi kaipūtaiao ko Karl Landsteiner tōna ingoa.
He aha te mea ka puta mēnā ka whakaranua ngā momo toto e rua kāore e taurite? Whakaarohia kua hoatu he toto momo B ki tētahi tangata he toto momo A tōna. He paturopi kei te tangata he toto momo A hei ārai i te toto B. Ka mōhio ēnei paturopi ki ngā pūtau toto B hou kua whakaurua mai hei "hoariri" ā, ka tīmata ki te whakaeke i a rātou. Mā tēnei ka piri tahi ngā pūtau toto, ka totoka. Ka kiia tēnei he aglutination . Ka taea e tēnei te arahi ki te ngoikore o te whatukuhu, te ohorere, tae noa ki te mate.
Koia te take e whakahaerehia ai he whakamātautau e kīia nei ko te crossmatching i mua i te tuku toto hei tirotiro mēnā he ōrite ngā momo toto o te kaituku me te kaiwhiwhi. He whakatau ora, he whakatau mate rānei tēnei.
Ngā momo toto onge me te hauora
Haunga ngā momo matua A, B, me te O, e rau atu ana ngā momo toto tino onge. Hei tauira, ko te momo toto Duffy null . He mea tino noa tēnei i waenga i te hunga o Āwherika me te Rawhiti o Waenganui. He mea whakamiharo, he ārai kei te hunga whai momo toto pēnei i te malaria.
Kua kitea e ngā rangahau he hononga kei waenganui i tō momo toto me ētahi mate. Hei tauira, ko te hunga he momo toto A, B, AB rānei, e kiia ana he nui ake te mōrearea o te mate manawa i te hunga he momo toto O.
Engari kia maumahara ki tēnei: Ehara i te mea ka pāngia koe e te mate mēnā he momo toto tōu. He tatauranga noa iho ēnei. He nui ake te pānga o tō momo noho, tō kai, me tō whakakori tinana. Kāore he "momo toto tino hauora." He rite tonu te pai o ngā momo toto katoa.
He pono te 'Kai Momo Toto'?
Kua rongo pea koe i te "kai momo toto". He kai e whai ana i tētahi mahere kai motuhake mō ia momo toto. Engari kāore he taunakitanga pūtaiao e whakaatu ana he painga hauora motuhake tōna. Nō reira, ko te mea pai māu ko te kai i tētahi kai taurite. He mea pai kia kōrero koe ki tō tākuta mō tēnei mea.
He aha te hiranga o te momo toto i te wā e hapu ana?
He mea tino nui kia mōhio koe ki tō momo toto i te wā e hapu ana, inā koa te take Rh .
Whakaarohia he Rh kino (-) te whaea, engari ko te momo toto o te pēpi he Rh pai (+) i riro mai i te pāpā. I tēnei wā, ka mōhio pea te tinana o te whaea he "tauhou" ngā toto Rh pai o te pēpi, ā, ka tīmata ki te hanga paturopi hei ārai i a rātou. Ka kiia tēnei āhuatanga he kore hototahi Rh .
Ahakoa kāore tēnei e pā ki te hāputanga tuatahi, i te wā o te hāputanga tuarua, ka taea e ngā paturopi i hangaia i roto i te tinana o te whaea te whakangaro i ngā toto o te pēpi.
Kaua e manukanuka! He otinga pai tēnei mō tēnei inaianei. Ka whakamātauhia tō momo toto e tō tākuta i te tīmatanga o tō hapūtanga. Mena he Rh kino tō toto, ka hoatu he werohanga ki a koe e kīia nei ko te Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) i mua atu, i muri mai hoki i te whānautanga. Mā tēnei ka aukati i te tinana o te whaea ki te hanga i aua paturopi kino. Nō reira, kāore koe me tō pēpi e whara.
Ko te huarahi pai ki te kimi i tō momo toto ko te whakamātautau toto. Mena he kaituku toto koe, ka whakarārangihia tō momo toto ki te kāri ka riro i a koe i muri i te tuku toto.
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- Ka whakatauhia tō momo toto e ngā ira i riro mai i a koe i ō mātua.
- I te wā e koha ana, e whiwhi ana rānei i te toto, he mea nui kia ōrite te momo toto. Ka mate pea te tangata i te toto kāore e ōrite.
- Ko te O kino (O-) e mōhiotia ana ko te "kaituku whānui" ā, ko te AB pai (AB+) e mōhiotia ana ko te "kaiwhiwhi whānui".
- I te wā e hapu ana, he mea tino nui kia mōhio koe ki tō momo toto, me te whai i ngā tohutohu a tō tākuta, inā koa mēnā he Rh kino te whaea.
- Ahakoa he hononga i waenga i te momo toto me ētahi mate, kāore he momo toto "pai" "kino" rānei.
- Mā te tuku toto ka taea te whakaora i te ora. Ki te taea e koe, kia toa koe mā te tuku toto.
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