Me aha koe mēnā ka ngaro whakarere te mārama o te tangata mate huka, ā, kāore e taea te whakaara ake ahakoa te nui o tāu kōrero ki a ia? He tino whakamataku tēnei. He koma tēnei, ko tētahi o ngā raruraru tino morearea o te mate huka. Hei whakamārama, he āhua kore mārama e meinga ai te tangata kia moe hohonu. He mea morearea hoki tēnei ki te ora. Engari ki te mōhio tika koe, ka taea e koe te ārai i tēnei āhuatanga, ā, ka taea hoki te whakaora i te ora o te tangata. Nō reira, me kōrero noa tātou mō tēnei i tēnei rā.
He aha tēnei koma mate huka?
I te kīanga māmā noa iho, ki te mea he nui te huka toto o te tangata mate huka e kore e taea te whakahaere (hyperglycemia) he iti rānei te huka toto (hypoglycemia) , ka pā tika ki te mahi a te roro, ā, ka ngaro te māramatanga o te tangata. Ka kiia tēnei ko te koma mate huka. He mate kino tēnei e hiahia ana kia rongoatia wawetia.
E toru ngā āhuatanga matua e pā ana ki te mate huka e pā ai tēnei momo koma.
1. Te Ketoacidosis Mate Huka (DKA): Ka puta tēnei ina piki ake ngā ketone, he momo waikawa, i roto i te toto, ka waikawa ai te toto.
2. Te Āhua Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic (HHS): He āhuatanga tēnei e tino teitei ai te taumata o te huka toto, ā, ka tino maroke te tinana.
3. Te huka toto nui: Koinei te wā ka tino iti te nui o te huka e whakarato ana i te pūngao ki te roro, ka mutu ai te mahi a te roro.
Ko te mea nui, ki te kite koe i tētahi pēnei, me waea atu tonu koe ki te ratonga waka tūroro o te tau 1990 ka haria ia ki te Wāhanga Maimoatanga Ohotata (ETU) o te hōhipera .
Kia tirohia ngā tino take matua e toru o te koma.
He mea tino nui kia mōhio koe ki ēnei āhuatanga e toru, nā te mea mā te mōhio wawe ki ngā tohu o ia āhuatanga ka ārai i te haere whakamua ki te koma.
1. Te ketoacidosis mate huka (DKA)
Ko tēnei āhua te mea tino noa i roto i te hunga whai mate huka momo 1 , engari i ētahi wā ka pā mai i roto i te hunga whai mate huka momo 2.
He māmā noa iho: He mea nui te homoni insulin kia taea ai e ngā pūtau o te tinana te tango i te huka (glucose) hei pūngao. I roto i te DKA, kāore e ranea te insulin i roto i te tinana. Kātahi, nā te mea kāore e taea e ngā pūtau te tango i te huka, ka tīmata te tinana ki te tahu i tōna ake ngako hei pūngao. Ina tahuna tēnei ngako , ka puta ngā ketone hei hua taha.Ka kohia he matū e kiia nei ko ngā ketone i roto i te toto. He momo waikawa ēnei ketone. Ina kohia i roto i te toto, ka waikawa te toto. Ko te DKA tēnei. Ki te kore e rongoatia wawetia tēnei mate, ka taea e koe te taka ki te koma.
Ko te tikanga, ko te DKA he mate e teitei ake ai te taumata huka toto i te 250 mg/dL . Engari kia maumahara, ko te tino take o te DKA ehara i te huka nui anake, engari ko te kore o te insulin me te pikinga o ngā ketones.
2. Te āhua huka toto nui rawa (HHS)
He mea tino noa tēnei mō te hunga e pāngia ana e te mate huka momo 2. Koinei te wā ka tino teitei rawa te taumata o te huka toto (neke atu i te 600 mg/dL ). Ina tupu tēnei, ka ngana te tinana ki te tango i te huka nui i roto i te mimi. I taua wā anō, ka ngaro te nui o te wai i te tinana, ka matewai nui . Ka pā tēnei ki te roro, ka ngaro te māramatanga, ā, ki te kore e rongoatia, ka arahi pea ki te koma.
3. Te huka toto nui
Koinei te wā ka heke te taumata huka toto ki ngā taumata tino iti, i raro iho i te 40 mg/dL . He tino morearea hoki tēnei mō te ora.
Ko te hukahuka te pūtake matua o te pūngao mō ō tātou tinana, inā koa te roro. Ina kore he hukahuka i roto i te toto, ka ngaro te kaha o te roro ki te mahi. Pērā i te mīhini o te motuka e mutu ana ina pau te wahie, ka taea e te roro te "kati" ka taka ki te koma. Ko tēnei āhuatanga e tino kitea ana i roto i te hunga e werohia ana te insulin, i ētahi momo rongoā mate huka rānei (hei tauira, te sulfonylureas).
Ngā tohu whakatūpato i mua i te urunga ki te koma
Kāore te tangata e taka ohorere ki te koma. I mua i tēnā, ka whakaatu te tinana i ētahi tohu whakatūpato. Ko te mea nui ko te mōhio wawe ki ēnei tohu. Me titiro motuhake tātou ki ngā tohu e pā ana ki ēnei mate e toru.
| DKA (mate huka) | HHS (Te huka toto nui me te matewai) | Te whakaheke toto nui |
|---|---|---|
| Whakapairuaki me te ruaki | Te matewai nui (te mangai maroke, te arero) | Te tirohanga pōuri |
| Mamae puku | Te matewai nui (polydipsia) | Te uaua ki te kōrero (te ngunguru) |
| Te pikinga ake o te tere o te manawa (te manawa Kussmaul) | Te mimi pinepine | Te ngaronga o te taurite, te ngaronga o te taunga |
| He kakara hua i te manawa | Te ngaronga o te māramatanga, ngā moemoeā | Ngā wiri me ngā hopuhopu |
| Te ngenge nui me te ngoikore | Te ngaronga o te māramatanga i tetahi taha o te tinana | Te āhua pōuri |
I muri i ēnei tohu, ki te taka te tangata ki te koma, ka whakaatuhia e rātou ētahi tohu matua e toru:
- Te ngaromanga katoa o te māramatanga: He rite ki te moe hohonu. Kāore e taea te whakaara ake i tētahi ara.
- Ngā kanohi kore aro: Ka noho katia tonu ngā kanohi. Kāore he aro ina whakatuwheratia ngā kanohi.
- Te kore e nekeneke o te tinana: Kāore he nekehanga ā-hinengaro o ngā ringa, o ngā waewae rānei. Heoi anō, tera pea ka kitea ētahi urupare.
Ngā mea me mahi tonu tātou mēnā ka ngaro te mōhio o te tangata (āwhina tuatahi)
Whakaarohia mēnā ka hemo te tangata mate huka i tō rohe pēnei. He iti noa ngā mea ka taea e koe te mahi. Tērā pea ka ora te tangata i tēnei.
1. Waea atu ki te 1990 tonu: Ko te mea tuatahi me mahi ko te waea atu ki te waka tūroro. Ina waea atu koe, me kī atu, "Kua kore te mōhio o te tangata mate huka."
2. Kaua e hoatu he kai, he inu rānei: Ki te hoatu e koe he kai, he inu rānei ki tētahi tangata kāore i te mōhio, ka noho pea ki roto i te ara manawa, ā, ka nui ake te mōrearea.
3. Tahurihia te tangata ki te taha: Kaua e takoto ki tōna taha, engari tahurihia te tangata ki te taha kotahi (ki tōna taha) hei ārai i te ruaki, i te kōkō rānei.
4. Taria te taenga mai o te waka tūroro: Whāia ngā tohutohu a te kaiwhakahaere o te tau 1990.
He aha tēnei e tupu ai? He aha ngā āhuatanga mōrearea?
E ai ki te kōrero i mua ake nei, ko te matewai nui, e puta ana i roto i te DKA me te HHS, ka pā ki te roro, ā, ka arahi ki te koma. Waihoki, i te wā o te hypoglycemia, kāore te roro e whiwhi i te pūngao (huka) e hiahiatia ana, ka mutu te mahi a te roro, ā, ka arahi ki te koma.
Kei te mōrearea te tangata katoa e pāngia ana e te mate huka, engari ka taea e ētahi āhuatanga te whakanui ake i tēnei mōrearea.
- Momo mate huka: Ko te hunga whai mate huka momo 1 ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka moe pōrearea rātou nā te DKA me te hypoglycemia kino. Ko te hunga whai mate huka momo 2 ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka moe pōrearea rātou nā te HHS.
- Ētahi atu mate: I ngā wā e pāngia ana koe e te kirika me ngā mate pāwera, he uaua ki te whakahaere i ngā taumata huka o te tinana.
- Pokanga, aituā rānei: Ka piki ake te taumata huka toto i te taumahatanga e pā ana ki te tinana.
- Ngā raruraru o te whakamahinga o te insulin: Ka puta pea tēnei āhuatanga i te korenga o ngā werohanga insulin, te tango i te horopeta hē, te hapa rānei o te papu insulin.
- Te kore e whakahaere tika i te mate huka: te kore e tango tika i te rongoā, te kore e tirotiro i ngā taumata huka toto i ia wā.
- Te inu waipiro: Ka taea e te waipiro te whakaheke i ngā taumata huka toto kia tino iti rawa.
- Te Kore Mōhio ki te Hukapapa Huka: Kāore ētahi tāngata e kite i ngā tohu tōmua o te huka toto iti, pērā i te wiri me te werawera. Tērā pea ka ngaro ohorere te māramatanga.
He aha ā rātou mahi i te hōhipera? (Te tātaritanga me te maimoatanga)
Nā te mea he āhuatanga ohorere hauora tēnei, ka whakahaerehia ngā maimoatanga katoa i roto i te hōhipera. Ka taea e ngā tākuta te tātaritanga tere i te mate mā te tirotiro i ngā taipitopito o te tūroro me ngā taumata huka toto. Ka tirohia hoki e rātou te toto mō ngā ketone.
Koia te mea nui kia mau i te poroporo, i te hei rānei, he poroporo whakatūpato hauora, he hei rānei, mō te hunga mate huka. He āwhina nui tēnei ki te hunga e rongoā ana i a rātou i roto i te āhuatanga ohorere.
Ko te maimoatanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te take o te koma.
- Mena nā te DKA, te HHS rānei:
- Wai IV (tote): Ka hoatu te tote mā roto i tētahi uaua hei ārai i te maroke me te taurite i ngā tote o te tinana.
- Inihurini: Ka hoatu te inihurini mā roto i te uaua, mā te werohanga rānei hei whakahaere i ngā taumata huka toto.
- Ētahi atu maimoatanga: Mena he mate kei raro i te mate e puta ai tēnei āhuatanga, ka rongoatia hoki tēnā.
- Ko te hypoglycemia nui (te huka toto iti) ka puta mai i:
- Werohanga Kurukākona: He homoni te Kurukākona e āwhina ana i tō tātou ate ki te tuku tere i te hukahuka ki roto i te toto. Ka taea te hoatu hei werohanga, hei rehu ihu rānei (paura ihu). Ahakoa ka hoatu e koe tēnei ki tētahi i te kāinga,Me tino haria koe ki te hōhipera.
Ka taea te ora katoa mai i tēnei mate?
Āe. Ki te tere te rongoā me te tika, ka taea te whakaora katoa i te koma mate huka. Heoi, i ētahi wā, ki te whakaroa te rongoā, ka taea te kino o te roro tuturu, ā, i ētahi wā, ka mate pea.
Ko te roa o te noho o te tangata i roto i te koma e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tere o te whiwhinga maimoatanga. Ki te kore he maimoatanga, e kore te tangata e ara ake i tēnei āhua. Nō reira, he mea nui kia tere te kawe i a ia ki te hōhipera.
Me pēhea te karo i tēnei āhuatanga mōrearea?
He maha ngā wā ka taea te ārai i tēnei koma. Ko te mea nui ko te mōhio ki ngā tohu whakatūpato wawe o te DKA, te HHS, me te Hypoglycemia, ā, me mahi wawe tonu ina puta mai.
Kōrero ki tō tākuta mō tō mahere whakahaere mate huka. Rapua he awhina hauora tonu mēnā ka pāngia koe e tētahi o ēnei e whai ake nei:
- Mena he nui ake te taumata huka toto i te 300 mg/dL e rua ngā wā karapīpiti, kāore he take.
- Mena kei raro iho i te 70 mg/dL te taumata o te huka toto, ā, kua toru ngā wā e kai ana koe i tētahi mea reka, ā, kāore anō kia piki.
He mea noa te mataku ina rongo koe i ngā raruraru o te mate huka. Engari ko te mōhio me te noho rite te huarahi pai ki te ārai i aua raruraru. Kaua e mangere ki te pātai ki tō tākuta mō āu pātai e pā ana ki te whakahaere i tō mate huka.
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- He āhuatanga ohorere hauora morearea te koma mate huka e hua mai ana i te taumata huka toto tino tiketike (DKA, HHS) tino iti rānei (hypoglycemia kino).
- Kia tūpato tonu ki ngā tohu whakatūpato wawe pērā i te whakapairuaki, te mamae o te puku, te haunga hua o te manawa (mō te DKA), te matewai nui, te pōhēhē (mō te HHS), me te wiri, te whewhewhe (mō te hypoglycemia).
- Ki te kore e mōhio te tangata mate huka, waea atu ki te 911 ka haria ki te hōhipera. Kaua rawa e hoatu he kai, he inu rānei ki a ia.
- Ka taea te ārai i tēnei mate kino mā te whakahaere tika i te mate huka, te tirotiro i ngā taumata huka toto i ngā wā katoa, me te rapu tohutohu mai i tō tākuta mō ngā mea hei mahi i ngā rā e māuiui ana.

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