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ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯐꯥꯏꯟ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ.)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ!

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯐꯥꯏꯟ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ.)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ!

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯪꯂꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯪꯂꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯤꯔꯝꯂꯕꯔꯥ? ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯛꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ! ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ `ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ`, ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ `(ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ.)` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯟ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯐꯥꯏꯟ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ.) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, `ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ` ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ `(FNA)` ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ, ꯅꯣꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ `ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗꯀꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯟꯖ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ``ꯁꯥꯏꯇꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯂꯦꯕ''ꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ, ``ꯁꯥꯏꯇꯣꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ'' ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ``ꯄꯦꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ'' ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ``ꯁꯥꯏꯇꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ'' ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

``(FNA)`` ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁꯤꯕ (ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁꯤꯕ) . ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯁꯨ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯀꯣꯔ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?

`ꯀꯣꯔ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ`ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯤꯔꯝꯂꯒꯅꯤ꯫ `ꯀꯣꯔ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ` ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ `ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ` ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, `ꯀꯣꯔ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ`ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ `(FNA)`ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯗꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ `ꯀꯣꯔ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ` ꯑꯃꯅꯥ `(FNA)`ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (FNA) ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯀꯣꯔ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯤꯡ-ꯂꯣꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ `ꯀꯣꯔ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ` ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ . ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, `(FNA)` ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (FNA) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ.ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ: ꯗꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯞꯌꯨꯇꯤꯛ .

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯁꯨ ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ.ꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯦꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯂꯔ ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯥꯏꯟ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (ꯗꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ.)꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ``ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ`` (``ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ`` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯥ) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯄꯦꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫

``(FNA)`` ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ``(FNA)`` ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ``ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯁꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ`` ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ``ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ`` ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯐꯤꯅꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ``ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ`` ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ:

  • ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯖꯤꯛ .
  • ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ , ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯕꯔꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ (ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯄꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ (ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ)꯫
  • ꯅꯟ-ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯂꯪꯁ , ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯐꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯑꯦꯗꯦꯅꯣꯃꯥꯁ (ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯂꯝ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ), ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯄꯣꯃꯥ (ꯐꯦꯇꯤ ꯂꯝ)꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (FNA) ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ:

  • ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ , ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫
  • ꯊꯥꯌꯔꯣꯏꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯜꯌꯥꯟꯗ , ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯊꯥꯌꯔꯣꯏꯗ ꯅꯣꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫
  • ꯂꯤꯝꯐ ꯅꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ .
  • ꯎꯅꯁꯥ .

ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ.) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯞꯌꯨꯇꯦꯠ ꯇꯣꯃꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤ (ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ.) ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯊꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯁꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯦ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ:

  • ꯄꯦꯅꯛꯔꯤꯑꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ .
  • ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ (ꯖꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.) ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ .
  • ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ .
  • ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯌꯥ .
  • ꯊꯕꯣꯝꯕꯤ .
  • ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯅꯝ (ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ)꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯞꯌꯨꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ.)꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ. ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ:

  • ꯑꯦꯕꯁꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫(ꯄꯨꯁ-ꯐꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ)꯫
  • ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡ)꯫
  • ꯁꯦꯔꯣꯃꯥꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯀꯂꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ)꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ `(FNA)` ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ `ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯦꯖ` ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯁꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, `(FNA)`ꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ꯫

ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (FNA) ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯁꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ .

ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (FNA) ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ?

FNA ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯎꯇꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯈꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ `ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ` ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯥꯁꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

  • ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯃꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯊꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯁꯦꯞꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ .
  • ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ.ꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯏꯅꯖꯦꯀꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩꯗꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ, ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫
  • ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯟꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫
  • ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯟꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯣꯏ .
  • ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯕꯦꯟꯗꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫

ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (FNA) ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ (ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ) ꯂꯦꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ‘ꯄꯦꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ’ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯄꯦꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯎꯠꯀꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫

ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (FNA)ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫

ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ , ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

  • ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ: ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯗꯤꯁꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ/ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯀꯣꯑꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫
  • ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ: ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫
  • ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
  • ꯐꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯂꯥ (Fistula): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ (abnormal connection) ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫

ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (FNA) ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯐꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

`ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ` ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯪꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯜ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

  • ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯐꯩ꯫
  • ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯛꯁꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
  • ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
  • ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯊꯪꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯃꯥꯟ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯂꯦꯕꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ . ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ, ꯅꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯪꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯀꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯧ, ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯔꯀꯄꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯕꯥ , ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯧ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ.ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯝ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯣꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯎꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯍꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ . ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫

ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ)

  • `ꯐꯥꯏꯟ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (FNA)` ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ, ꯅꯟ-ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁꯤꯕ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ , ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ, ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯅꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ .
  • ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫
  • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ . ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯈꯉꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯝ ꯑꯊꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯏꯐ-ꯄꯥꯎꯖꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯖꯔꯤ!


` ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ., ꯐꯥꯏꯟ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ, ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ, ꯁꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ, ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ, ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯗꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ, ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯐꯥꯏꯟ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ.)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ!
ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫জুলাই ৫, ২০২৬

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯐꯥꯏꯟ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ.)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ!

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯪꯂꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯪꯂꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯤꯔꯝꯂꯕꯔꯥ? ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯛꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ! ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ `ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ`, ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ `(ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ.)` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯟ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯐꯥꯏꯟ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ.) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, `ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ` ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ `(FNA)` ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ, ꯅꯣꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ `ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗꯀꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯟꯖ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ``ꯁꯥꯏꯇꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯂꯦꯕ''ꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ, ``ꯁꯥꯏꯇꯣꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ'' ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ``ꯄꯦꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ'' ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ``ꯁꯥꯏꯇꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ'' ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

``(FNA)`` ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁꯤꯕ (ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁꯤꯕ) . ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯁꯨ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯀꯣꯔ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?

`ꯀꯣꯔ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ`ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯤꯔꯝꯂꯒꯅꯤ꯫ `ꯀꯣꯔ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ` ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ `ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ` ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, `ꯀꯣꯔ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ`ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ `(FNA)`ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯗꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ `ꯀꯣꯔ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ` ꯑꯃꯅꯥ `(FNA)`ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (FNA) ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯀꯣꯔ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯤꯡ-ꯂꯣꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ `ꯀꯣꯔ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ` ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ . ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, `(FNA)` ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (FNA) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ.ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ: ꯗꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯞꯌꯨꯇꯤꯛ .

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯁꯨ ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ.ꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯦꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯂꯔ ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯥꯏꯟ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (ꯗꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ.)꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ``ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ`` (``ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ`` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯥ) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯄꯦꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫

``(FNA)`` ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ``(FNA)`` ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ``ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯁꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ`` ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ``ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ`` ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯐꯤꯅꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ``ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ`` ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ:

  • ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯖꯤꯛ .
  • ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ , ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯕꯔꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ (ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯄꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ (ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ)꯫
  • ꯅꯟ-ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯂꯪꯁ , ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯐꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯑꯦꯗꯦꯅꯣꯃꯥꯁ (ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯂꯝ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ), ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯄꯣꯃꯥ (ꯐꯦꯇꯤ ꯂꯝ)꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (FNA) ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ:

  • ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ , ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫
  • ꯊꯥꯌꯔꯣꯏꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯜꯌꯥꯟꯗ , ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯊꯥꯌꯔꯣꯏꯗ ꯅꯣꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫
  • ꯂꯤꯝꯐ ꯅꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ .
  • ꯎꯅꯁꯥ .

ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ.) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯞꯌꯨꯇꯦꯠ ꯇꯣꯃꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤ (ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ.) ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯊꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯁꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯦ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ:

  • ꯄꯦꯅꯛꯔꯤꯑꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ .
  • ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ (ꯖꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.) ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ .
  • ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ .
  • ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯌꯥ .
  • ꯊꯕꯣꯝꯕꯤ .
  • ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯅꯝ (ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ)꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯞꯌꯨꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ.)꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ. ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ:

  • ꯑꯦꯕꯁꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫(ꯄꯨꯁ-ꯐꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ)꯫
  • ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡ)꯫
  • ꯁꯦꯔꯣꯃꯥꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯀꯂꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ)꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ `(FNA)` ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ `ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯦꯖ` ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯁꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, `(FNA)`ꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ꯫

ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (FNA) ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯁꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ .

ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (FNA) ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ?

FNA ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯎꯇꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯈꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ `ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ` ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯥꯁꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

  • ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯃꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯊꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯁꯦꯞꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ .
  • ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ.ꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯏꯅꯖꯦꯀꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩꯗꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ, ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫
  • ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯟꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫
  • ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯟꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯣꯏ .
  • ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯕꯦꯟꯗꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫

ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (FNA) ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ (ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ) ꯂꯦꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ‘ꯄꯦꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ’ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯄꯦꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯎꯠꯀꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫

ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (FNA)ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫

ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ , ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

  • ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ: ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯗꯤꯁꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ/ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯀꯣꯑꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫
  • ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ: ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫
  • ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
  • ꯐꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯂꯥ (Fistula): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ (abnormal connection) ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫

ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (FNA) ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯐꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

`ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ` ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯪꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯜ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

  • ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯐꯩ꯫
  • ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯛꯁꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
  • ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
  • ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯊꯪꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯃꯥꯟ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯂꯦꯕꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ . ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ, ꯅꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯪꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯀꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯧ, ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯔꯀꯄꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯕꯥ , ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯧ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ.ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯝ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯣꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯎꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯍꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ . ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫

ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ)

  • `ꯐꯥꯏꯟ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ (FNA)` ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ, ꯅꯟ-ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁꯤꯕ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ , ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ, ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯅꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ .
  • ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫
  • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ . ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯈꯉꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯝ ꯑꯊꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯏꯐ-ꯄꯥꯎꯖꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯖꯔꯤ!


` ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦ., ꯐꯥꯏꯟ-ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ, ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ, ꯁꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ, ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ, ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯗꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ, ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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