ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ "ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ" ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯂꯁꯤ꯫ (ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ) ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ!

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅꯥ "ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ" ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯏ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯍꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯉꯍꯥꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯋꯥꯌ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ "ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ" ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ "ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ" ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯍꯖꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤ ꯈꯔꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯂꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯑꯛꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯖꯦ!

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯦ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯖꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤ, ꯆꯦꯠꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

1. ꯑꯦꯅꯖꯥꯏꯃꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯀꯊꯠꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

2. ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯖ꯭ꯌꯨꯁ / ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯖꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯅꯖꯥꯏꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯛ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯖꯝ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯔꯤ .

ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯤꯔꯤꯕꯔꯥ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ (ꯖꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ) ꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯖꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ .

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ!

ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯇꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯂꯩ:

1. ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯝ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ: ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯂꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯦꯌꯔꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

2. ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯥꯟꯁꯟ (contraction and expansion) : ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯟꯗꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫

3. ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯅꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯖꯥꯏꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ: ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯅꯈꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯅꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯤꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯠꯇꯥ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:

• ꯃꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯖꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯄꯤꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯇꯤꯁ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯋꯦꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯅꯠꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖꯤꯌꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯐꯤꯡꯛꯇꯔ ꯂꯩ꯫ꯁ꯭ꯐꯤꯡꯛꯇꯔ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯐꯤꯡꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯗꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ (stomach): ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯖ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯊꯣꯡ-ꯊꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯣꯡ-ꯊꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯟ (small intestin): ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯦꯅꯛꯔꯤꯑꯦꯖꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯖꯨꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯣꯠꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯟ (large intestin) : ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯣꯠꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ (stool)ꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯨꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯝ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯕꯣꯋꯦꯜ ꯃꯨꯚꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯨꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ?

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ, ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ . ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖꯤꯌꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯐꯤꯡꯛꯇꯔ , ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖꯤꯌꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯐꯤꯡꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖꯤꯌꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯐꯤꯡꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ꯫

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ . ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯪꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯀꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯀꯨꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯨ ꯈꯉꯅꯔꯁꯤ!

ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯔꯨꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯃꯉꯥꯗꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

1. ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯌꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯌꯦꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯐꯤꯡꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫

2. ꯐꯟꯗꯁ (fundus): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ (ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯕꯔꯁ ꯃꯁꯜ)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫

3. ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯁ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫

4. ꯑꯦꯟꯠꯔꯥꯝ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

5. ꯄꯥꯏꯂꯣꯔꯁ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯏꯂꯣꯔꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯐꯤꯡꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯔꯤꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯍꯅꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯃꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝ꯫ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯋꯥꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯦ? ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯔꯥ?

ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯋꯥꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯐꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ:

• ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯀꯣꯁꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯨꯃꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯀꯣꯁꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯣꯜꯗꯁꯤꯡ ( rugae ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ) ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯀꯣꯁꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯠꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯁꯕꯝꯌꯨꯀꯣꯁꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯂꯤꯝꯐ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ( ꯂꯤꯝꯐꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯔꯚ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯀꯁ ꯃꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯕꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯂꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ (Muscularis externa): ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯜ ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯁꯦꯔꯣꯁꯥ (Serosa): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ . ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜꯂꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ꯫ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯡ-ꯇꯔꯝ (ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ) ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯇꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:

• ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯂꯁꯔ (gastric ulcers): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ (Gastritis): ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
• ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯛꯁ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ (GERD): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ)ꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ, ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ "ꯒꯦꯁ" ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ꯫
• ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯄꯦꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ (Gastroparesis): ꯅꯔꯚꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯏꯅꯗꯤꯖꯦꯁꯟ / ꯗꯤꯁꯄꯦꯄꯁꯤꯌꯥ (Indigestion / Dispepsia) : ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ, ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯩꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫
• ꯄꯦꯄꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯂꯁꯔ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ: ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ (duodenum)ꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ: ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ .

ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯒꯠ ꯍꯦꯜꯊ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯒꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯧ꯫ ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕꯃꯈꯩ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯩ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯎꯟꯁ 50 (ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯇꯔ 1.5) ꯊꯀꯎ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯦꯟꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ 25-35 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯕꯔ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯐꯠ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯎꯍꯩ-ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯅꯥ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫
• ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧ꯫
• ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕꯃꯈꯩ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯧ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯇꯦꯁꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ .
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯐ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯪꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯏꯟꯇꯦꯔꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯪꯕꯤꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
• ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ?
• ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯔꯃꯥꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
• ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯍꯪꯕꯤꯒꯅꯨ꯫

ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ:

• ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
• ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯧ ꯍꯧꯕ.
• ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯩ ꯀꯥꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯃꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
• ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯍꯥꯌꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯕꯥ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ? ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ (GI tract)ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯁꯣꯛꯅ-ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯅꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯌꯥꯝ ꯀꯨꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ, ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ "ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ" ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯑꯣꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ!

` ꯈꯣꯡ, ꯈꯣꯡ, ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ, ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ, ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ, ꯖꯤ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯗꯤ., ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ꯫