ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯖꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯁꯤ꯫

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯤꯕꯔꯥ? ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ , ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁꯇꯥ `(ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯁ)` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯈꯠꯄꯅꯤ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯏꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯪꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯕꯨ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯂꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫

ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ? ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩ꯫

1. ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ: 1.

• ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ, ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯁꯨꯡꯗꯣꯛꯠꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯏ꯫

2. ꯏ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ: 1.1.

• ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ .
• ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ .

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔ (ꯂꯪꯁ) ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯤ ꯑꯁꯪꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ (ꯗꯤꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ (ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ) ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ, ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ (ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ (ꯚꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ)ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ (ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌ)ꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ, ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯃꯈꯂꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ, ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ! ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯔꯨꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯀꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯀꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯏ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯈꯪꯂꯦ?

ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ (ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 60%ꯗꯒꯤ 70%) ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯉꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯦ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ "ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ" ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯅꯤ꯫

ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯈꯣꯃꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯁꯨꯡꯗꯣꯛꯠꯔꯤꯕꯥ ‘ꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯦꯜ’ (ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯀꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯐꯪꯂꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯂꯣꯏ꯫

ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯪꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯄꯦꯔꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯂꯪꯁꯀꯤ ꯍꯤꯂꯝ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ "ꯔꯨꯠ" ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯌꯥꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ꯫ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔꯅꯤ꯫

ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩ, ꯂꯪꯁ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ .

• ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯂꯪꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ (right inferior pulmonary vein): ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯂꯪꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯂꯦꯐꯠ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ (left superior pulmonary vein): ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯂꯪꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯨꯂꯥ (ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ "ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ"ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ)ꯗꯒꯤ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯂꯦꯐꯠ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ:ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯏ꯫

"ꯁꯨꯄꯤꯔꯤꯌꯔ" ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ "ꯏꯟꯐꯤꯔꯤꯌꯔ" ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯌꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯅꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯨ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ, ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ 38%ꯗꯤ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ, ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ:

• ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯐꯠ-ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯉ꯭ꯛ (common left-sided trunk): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯃꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯃꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯁꯅꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁꯔꯤ ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ (accessory right pulmonary vein): ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯥꯏꯗꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯌꯥꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯌꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯐꯠ ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫

ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯟꯗꯦ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ . ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ-ꯃꯔꯩ ꯐꯥꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫

• ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯔꯤꯇꯔꯟ (TAPVR):ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ꯫ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯤ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯔꯥꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯃꯦꯂꯁ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯔꯤꯇꯔꯟ (PAPVR): ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦ.ꯄꯤ.ꯚꯤ.ꯑꯥꯔ.

`(TAPVR)` ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ `(PAPVR)` ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ `(Atrial Septal Defect) ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫` ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯌꯥꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯏ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯦꯝꯂꯕꯁꯨ, ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯐꯪꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯤꯡꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯝ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯒꯦ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯃꯤꯇꯔ (ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ-ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯋꯥꯏꯗ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ 9 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 13ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ (left inferior pulmonary vein) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯞꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ :

• ꯇꯨꯅꯤꯀꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯁꯤꯌꯥ (ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ): ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯄꯤ꯫
• ꯇꯨꯅꯤꯀꯥ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥ (ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ): ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯃꯨꯗ ꯃꯁꯜ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
• ꯇꯨꯅꯤꯀꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯃꯥ (ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ): ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ (smooth endothelial cells) ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯅꯥ, ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯂꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯃꯁꯜ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ "ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯚ" ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ (left atrium)ꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯚ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ:

• ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯃꯦꯂꯤ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯁ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ (PAPVR): ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯈꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯌꯥꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯗꯦ꯫
• ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯣꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯥꯀꯁꯟ : ꯱.ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ (pulmonary vein stenosis): ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯍꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯐꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯣꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯕꯂꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯣꯝꯕꯣꯁꯤꯁ (pulmonary vein thrombosis): ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯪꯁ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯪꯁ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯞꯂꯥꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫
• ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯔꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ: ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯦꯐꯠ-ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯐꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯌꯦꯛ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯠꯔꯜ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯔꯤꯇꯔꯟ (TAPVR): ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯐꯤꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯐꯤꯕꯔ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ `(ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯐꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯂꯦꯁꯟ - A-Fib)` ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯏ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫ `(A-Fib)` ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦ-ꯐꯤꯕ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯟ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:

• ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯏꯀꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤ꯫
• ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ.)
• ꯀꯝꯞꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯇꯣꯃꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ (ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ. ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ)

ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ? ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯖꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯀꯣꯁ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯟꯗꯔꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯚꯤꯖꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

` ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ, ꯍꯥꯔꯠ, ꯂꯪꯁ, ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ, ꯚꯦꯅꯝ, ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ, ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ꯫