ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯚ ꯀꯦꯌꯔ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ (ICU)ꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯔꯨꯝ (ETU)ꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ "ꯑꯦ.ꯕꯤ.ꯖꯤ. ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ" ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯎꯈꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦ.ꯕꯤ.ꯖꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯑꯦ.ꯕꯤ.ꯖꯤ.(ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ, "ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯏ ꯂꯧꯏ, ꯀꯔꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?"
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯋꯦꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯁꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯏ꯫
- ꯚꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯍꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯣꯠꯄꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯍꯔꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫
ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯧꯔꯀꯄꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ "ꯍꯥꯏꯋꯦ" ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ? ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦ.ꯕꯤ.ꯖꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯏ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ-ꯕꯦꯖ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯩꯆ . ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯑꯦ.ꯕꯤ.ꯖꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯃꯥꯄꯂꯅꯤ?
ꯑꯦ.ꯕꯤ.ꯖꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯨꯔꯒꯗꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯊꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯔꯊꯗꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯛ ꯐꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫
| ꯃꯥꯄꯜ ꯁꯨꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯊ꯫ |
|---|---|
| ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯩꯆ | ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯷.꯳꯵ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯷.꯴꯵ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯂꯀꯥꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ |
| PaO2 (ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ) | ꯏꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯏꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ |
| PaCO2 (ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ) | ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ |
| ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯣ.꯳ (ꯕꯥꯏꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯅꯥꯏꯠ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ. | ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯏꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯗꯤ. |
| ꯑꯣ.꯲ꯁꯦꯠ (ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯁꯦꯆꯨꯔꯦꯁꯟ) ꯳. | ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯍꯦꯃꯣꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯕꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯥꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯂꯁ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ |
ꯑꯦ.ꯕꯤ.ꯖꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯔꯨꯇꯤꯟ ꯆꯦꯛ-ꯑꯞ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ . ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:
- ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥ-ꯑꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ : ꯑꯦꯖꯃꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯆꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯌꯨꯃꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ (acute respiratory failure)ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ꯫
- ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ: ꯁꯦꯄꯁꯤꯁ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯄꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯣꯛꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ꯫
- ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯕꯦꯇꯤꯖꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ: ꯏꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯕꯦꯇꯤꯖ ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯣꯁꯤꯁ (DKA) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯐꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ: ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ (Acute heart failure) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ (Cardiac arest)꯫
- ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯐꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ : ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
- ꯄꯣꯏꯖꯟ (poisoning): ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯛꯁꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯗꯤ.
- ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ: ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯂꯪꯁꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ: ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯣ.ꯄꯤ.ꯗꯤ.(Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯄꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ? ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯔꯥ?
ꯑꯦ.ꯕꯤ.ꯖꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫
ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯠ 20 ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯨꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯏ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ‘ꯑꯦꯂꯦꯟ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ’ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ꯫
1. ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯨꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ (ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ), ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯛꯇꯥ (ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯏꯟ (ꯐꯦꯃꯣꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ)ꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯎꯒꯅꯤ꯫
2. ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯎ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫
3. ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯟꯖ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
4. ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ , ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯏ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯅꯔꯚ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯤ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫
5. ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯣꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯎ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯠ 5ꯗꯒꯤ 10 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ꯫
ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯤꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯏ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ 24ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯑꯦ.ꯕꯤ.ꯖꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯖꯜꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯠ ꯱꯰-꯱꯵ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯆꯠꯇꯥ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯆꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯕꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯩ꯫
| ꯃꯥꯄꯜ ꯁꯨꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ꯫ |
|---|---|
| ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯩꯆ | ꯷.꯳꯵ - ꯷.꯴꯵ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯌꯧꯈꯤ꯫ |
| ꯄꯥꯑꯣ꯲ | ꯷꯵ - ꯱꯰꯰ ꯃꯤ.ꯃꯤ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯖꯤ |
| ꯄꯥ.ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯣ.꯲ | ꯳꯵ - ꯴꯵ ꯃꯤ.ꯃꯤ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯖꯤ |
| ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯣ.꯳ | ꯲꯲ - ꯲꯶ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯏ.ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ./ꯑꯦꯜ |
| ꯑꯣ꯲ꯁꯦꯠ | ꯹꯵% - ꯱꯰꯰% ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ . |
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯟꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯥ , ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ , ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ/ꯕꯦꯖ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫
ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯑꯦ.ꯕꯤ.ꯖꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ, ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯇꯤ (pH) ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ, ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
- ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦ.ꯕꯤ.ꯖꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯖꯜꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
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