ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? (ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯦꯅꯣꯃꯦꯒꯥꯂꯤ) - ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ!

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯕꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ, ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯈꯔꯥ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ? ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯁꯤ꯫

ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯝꯝꯌꯨꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯝꯐꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯏ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ‘ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ’ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ (spleen) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯨꯠꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ 12 ꯋꯥꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ 70ꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ:

• ꯏ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ: ꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯔꯦꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯣꯠꯄꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯀꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ: ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯏꯠ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
• ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ : ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯏꯠ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯂꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ 20 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ 1000 (ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ 1) ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯛꯀꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯔꯥ?

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯧ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯧ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯔꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫

ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯆꯤꯜꯂꯕꯁꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ, ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯁꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯨꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ? ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

• ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯔꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯦꯅꯤꯖꯝ: ꯱.ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ "ꯋꯥꯔꯛ" ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯋꯥꯏꯠ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥ, ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯁꯤꯕꯥ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯋꯥꯠꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯁꯤꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯔꯨꯄꯆꯔ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯅꯤ . ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ (e.g., ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ, ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯎꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫

1. ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ: ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯦꯂꯄꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ (spleen) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯏ꯫

꯲.ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ: ꯱ .

• ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯞꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

3. ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯌꯥꯏꯠ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯂꯦꯠ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇ (CBC) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ, ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

4. ꯕꯣꯟ ꯃꯦꯔꯣ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁ: ꯀꯦꯁ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯃꯦꯔꯣꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯃꯦꯔꯣ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ/ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫

• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯀꯦꯃꯣꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ)ꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯗꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯟꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

• ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ: ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯣ-ꯗꯣꯖ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯅꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ (Splenectomy): ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯠꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯔꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯀꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯗꯤ.

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯂꯩ꯫

• ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ: ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯆꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ , ꯔꯒꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯨꯇꯕꯣꯂꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯇꯧꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ: ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯆꯔꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧ꯫
• ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ: ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯁꯨ, ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯤ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕꯃꯈꯩ ꯄꯦꯀꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯐꯨꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯇꯇꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯎꯍꯩ, ꯃꯅꯥ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯌꯦꯔꯨꯝ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯉꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫

ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫