ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯇꯥꯁꯨ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? (ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ) ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ!

ꯑꯣꯍ, ꯅꯉꯒꯤ ꯈꯉꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯉꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯎꯔꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯏ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤꯕꯔꯥ? ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ `(ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ)` , ꯑꯦꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, `(ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ)` ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯉ꯭ꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯪꯂꯤ, "ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯔꯤ ꯀꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?"

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ (`(ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ)` ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ `(ꯖꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ)`) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯍꯖꯝ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯃꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯣꯠꯄꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ:

• ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁ (Esophagus): ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ (stomach): ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯅꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯃꯣꯜ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯟ (small intestin): ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯟ (colon): ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯅꯗꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ .

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ? ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯄꯣꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ . ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯗꯥ (`(Bowel perforation)`) ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯐꯤꯁ (Bowel perforation)`) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯃꯣꯜ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯗꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯖꯨꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯚꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:

• ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯇꯣꯅꯤꯇꯤꯁ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯚꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯑꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯁꯦꯄꯁꯤꯁ (sepsis): ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯗꯤ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯣꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁꯇꯥ ꯄꯣꯃꯈꯠꯄꯥ (perforation) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

• ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯣꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ (ꯄꯤꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯉꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯍꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯚ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ (ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯇꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯃꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯤꯄꯁꯟ (`Bowel impaction`): ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯃꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯒꯥꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡ (savere vomiting): ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ, ꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡ ꯏꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯨ-ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯒꯨꯂꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ꯫
• ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯇꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ``ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯅꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ''ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ)꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ .

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖꯤꯌꯜ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ:

• ꯑꯦꯄꯦꯟꯗꯤꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ: ꯑꯦꯄꯦꯟꯗꯤꯛꯁꯇꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡ: ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯔꯦꯛꯇꯜ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ, ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯨꯂꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ: ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦꯁꯤꯡ (diverticula) ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ (Hernia): ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ, ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
• ꯕꯣꯋꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯥꯀꯁꯟ: ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯒꯥꯂꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ (Gallstones): ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯜ ꯗꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯕꯣꯋꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ (IBD): ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯂꯁꯦꯔꯦꯇꯤꯚ ꯀꯣꯂꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫
• ꯄꯦꯄꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯂꯁꯔ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ: ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯂꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯃꯈꯠꯄꯥ (perforation) ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁꯀꯤ ꯄꯣꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ (perforation) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯂꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ . ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ? ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯦꯏꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯌꯥꯝꯄꯤꯡ (cramping) : ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯨꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯧ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ: ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯩ ꯀꯥꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯨ . ꯃꯇꯝ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯒꯅꯤ? (ꯗꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ) ꯴.

ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫

• ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯥꯎꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ:
• ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ꯫
• ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ꯫
• ꯄꯂꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯔꯦꯠ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ꯫

ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
• ꯍꯟꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
• ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯈꯤꯕꯒꯦ? ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ?
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯕꯣꯋꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ (IBD) ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ: ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ: ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯚꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁꯇꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯚꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ, ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ (Upper endoscopy): ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯅꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ: ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯟ (ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯟ) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯈꯨꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫

ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁꯇꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫

ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ:

• ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯖꯔ: ꯱.ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯞ (ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ)ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯂꯦꯄꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ: ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ "ꯀꯤꯍꯣꯜ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ" ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯣꯋꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ . ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ . ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ:

1. ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ (`ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥ`) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

2. ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ꯫

3. ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯒ ꯑꯃꯥ (`ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯕꯦꯒ`) ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯕꯦꯒ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯈꯣꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯒ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯒ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯨꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯣꯋꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯒ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ .

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ (perforations) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯌꯥꯝ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ .

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯏꯅꯠꯔꯥꯚꯦꯅꯁ (IV) ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕ! ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖꯤꯌꯜ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯨ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁꯀꯤ ꯄꯣꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯃꯈꯠꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯤ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯛꯠꯔꯤꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁꯀꯤ ꯄꯣꯃꯈꯠꯄꯥ (perforation) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯥꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯇꯇꯥ ꯐꯤꯕꯔ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡ, ꯃꯅꯥ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯦꯔꯨꯝ) ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯤꯄꯁꯟ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯄꯦꯄꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯂꯁꯔ, IBD) ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯨ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯎꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯨ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ꯫

ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯄꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯂꯣ-ꯑꯞ ꯑꯦꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯀꯥꯎꯒꯅꯨ꯫

ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ . ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯊꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯗꯥꯌꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯎꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁꯀꯤ ꯄꯣꯃꯈꯠꯄꯥ (perforation) ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯔꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯨ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ "ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ" ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯉꯥꯏꯒꯅꯨ꯫

ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ, ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ) ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ:

ꯑꯣꯀꯦ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ, ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫

ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯣꯆ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯌꯄꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛꯅꯤ!

` ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯍꯣꯜ, ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯄꯦꯏꯟ, ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯇꯣꯅꯤꯇꯤꯁ, ꯁꯦꯄꯁꯤꯁ, ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ, ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯤ꯫