ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯆꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯄꯣꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ‘ꯀꯤꯍꯣꯜ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ’ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯤꯔꯝꯂꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯅꯣ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯗꯦ꯫ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏ, ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯤ꯫
ꯅꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫
ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯤꯍꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
- ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯄꯦꯟꯁꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ (ꯑꯥꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯞ) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ, ꯂꯤꯒꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯅꯤꯁꯀꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯔꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯤ.ꯚꯤ.
- ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁꯤꯚ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ , ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ, ꯑꯥꯏꯁ, ꯄꯦꯏꯅꯀꯤꯂꯥꯔ (NSAIDs) ꯂꯧꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ (PT) ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯟꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯄꯣꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯣꯂꯤꯕꯣꯂꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯖꯝꯄꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯨꯇꯕꯣꯂꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯁꯇꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ?
ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯁꯤ꯫
| ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ꯫ | ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ? |
|---|---|
| ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯒꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ |
| ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯒꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯅꯤꯁꯀꯁ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯔꯤꯑꯣꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯨꯁꯤꯑꯦꯠ ꯂꯤꯒꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇ (ACL) ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯅꯤꯁꯀꯁ ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ |
| ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫ | ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯅꯣꯚꯤꯌꯃꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ |
ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ?
ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ꯫
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯊꯤꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇꯥ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯍꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯣꯏ꯫ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯈꯅꯒꯅꯤ:
- ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ: ꯈꯨꯎꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯔꯤꯖꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ (regional anesthetic): ꯀꯣꯀꯊꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯝꯕꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ (ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯏꯅꯖꯦꯀꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯃꯥ)꯫
- ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ: ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ꯫
ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ꯫
1. ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯏꯃꯣꯕꯤꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫
2. ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ (ꯑꯥꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯞ) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
꯳.ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯇꯤ.ꯚꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯟꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯦ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
4. ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ, ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫
5. ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ, ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯆ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ (ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯄꯁꯤꯡ)ꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯟꯗꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫
ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯒꯦ?
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯥꯎꯇꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯪꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯒꯥꯔꯤ ꯊꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯂꯣꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯒꯥꯔꯤ ꯊꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ :
- ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯅꯨ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯛꯠꯔꯤꯕꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯨꯆꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ: ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕꯃꯈꯩ, ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯧ꯫
- ꯄꯦꯅꯀꯤꯂꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯅꯀꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯊꯤꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡ) ꯄꯤꯖꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ: ꯕꯦꯟꯗꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯨꯡꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫ ꯕꯦꯟꯗꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯔꯁꯇꯥ ꯍꯪꯎ꯫
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ . ꯃꯗꯨ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯟ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ (ETU)ꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫
- ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯧ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯂꯥꯎꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯃꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯎꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫
- ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯟ ꯀꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫
- ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯇꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯅꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ "ꯀꯤꯍꯣꯜ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ" ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡ (e.g. ACL, meniscus tears) ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ, ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫
- ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
- ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯧ, ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫











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