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ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯚꯣꯏꯁ ꯕꯣꯛꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯂꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ "ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ?" ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ "ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ?" ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ꯫

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ (voice box) ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯖꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣ (windpipe)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯋꯦ (airways) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯂꯩ:

  • ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯚꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
  • ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ: ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯋꯦ (airway) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯦ꯫
  • ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ: ꯂꯧꯅꯒꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯀꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ?

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ (ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ (Total Laryngectomy) ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ꯫ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫
ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ꯫
ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ (Chondronecrosis) ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ?

ꯑꯣꯀꯦ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯁꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯈꯔꯁꯨ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫

  • ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ: ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
  • ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯪꯁꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫
  • ꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯖꯤ.

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯆ-ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯨꯌꯦꯖ ꯄꯦꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯂꯋꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯀꯗꯒꯦ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯣꯏ꯫ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯒꯅꯤ:

1. ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ: ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

2. ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ: ꯃꯊꯪꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯂꯤꯝꯐ ꯅꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯛ (pharynx)ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

3. ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯂꯒꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ . ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ (`ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ`) ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫

꯴.ꯇꯤ.ꯏ.ꯄꯤ . ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ: ꯱ .ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ (trachea) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁ (esophagus)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ `ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯄꯉ꯭ꯀꯆꯔ (TEP) ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫` ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ (`ꯚꯣꯏꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯊꯦꯁꯤꯁ`) ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯆꯨꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

5. ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ: ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ, ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯆꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯕꯨ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯐꯤꯗꯝꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯖꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯅꯉꯅꯥ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯂꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯃꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯆ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ꯫
ꯚꯣꯏꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯊꯦꯁꯤꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯤ.ꯏ.ꯄꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯦꯔꯤꯅꯛꯁ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯒꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯔꯣꯕꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯂꯤꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖꯤꯌꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯆ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯁ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
ꯅꯟ-ꯚꯥꯔꯕꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ꯫ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯖꯤꯖꯔ, ꯂꯤꯞ-ꯁ꯭ꯃꯦꯛ, ꯐꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ, ꯈꯨꯠꯅꯥ ꯏꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯌꯨꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯏꯞ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ, ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ꯫

  • ꯃꯍꯤꯛ ꯄꯛꯄ
  • ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
  • ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫
  • ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫

  • ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯌꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯉ꯭ꯀꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
  • ꯊꯥꯌꯔꯣꯏꯗꯀꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ꯫
  • ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ, ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ꯫
  • ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ꯫
  • ꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡ (fistulas)꯫
  • ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯆꯪꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯆꯪꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯣꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ , ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯁꯦꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯂꯣ-ꯑꯄꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ, ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯒꯗꯒꯦ, ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯎꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ꯫
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ:
- ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫ - ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯃꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫
ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ (ETU)ꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯨ:
- ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄꯦꯏꯟ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫ - ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯣꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ, ꯏꯃꯨꯡ-ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯦꯂꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯔꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

  • ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯆ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
  • *ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯉꯆꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

  • ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫

ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ, ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥ, ꯚꯣꯏꯁ ꯕꯣꯛꯁ, ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ, ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯇꯤ
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫জুলাই ৬, ২০২৬

ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯚꯣꯏꯁ ꯕꯣꯛꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯂꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ "ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ?" ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ "ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ?" ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ꯫

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ (voice box) ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯖꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣ (windpipe)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯋꯦ (airways) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯂꯩ:

  • ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯚꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
  • ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ: ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯋꯦ (airway) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯦ꯫
  • ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ: ꯂꯧꯅꯒꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯀꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ?

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ (ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ (Total Laryngectomy) ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ꯫ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫
ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ꯫
ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ (Chondronecrosis) ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ?

ꯑꯣꯀꯦ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯁꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯈꯔꯁꯨ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫

  • ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ: ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
  • ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯪꯁꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫
  • ꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯖꯤ.

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯆ-ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯨꯌꯦꯖ ꯄꯦꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯂꯋꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯀꯗꯒꯦ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯣꯏ꯫ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯒꯅꯤ:

1. ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ: ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

2. ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ: ꯃꯊꯪꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯂꯤꯝꯐ ꯅꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯛ (pharynx)ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

3. ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯂꯒꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ . ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ (`ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ`) ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫

꯴.ꯇꯤ.ꯏ.ꯄꯤ . ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ: ꯱ .ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ (trachea) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁ (esophagus)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ `ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯄꯉ꯭ꯀꯆꯔ (TEP) ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫` ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ (`ꯚꯣꯏꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯊꯦꯁꯤꯁ`) ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯆꯨꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

5. ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ: ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ, ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯆꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯕꯨ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯐꯤꯗꯝꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯖꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯅꯉꯅꯥ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯂꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯃꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯆ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ꯫
ꯚꯣꯏꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯊꯦꯁꯤꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯤ.ꯏ.ꯄꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯦꯔꯤꯅꯛꯁ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯒꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯔꯣꯕꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯂꯤꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖꯤꯌꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯆ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯁ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
ꯅꯟ-ꯚꯥꯔꯕꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ꯫ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯖꯤꯖꯔ, ꯂꯤꯞ-ꯁ꯭ꯃꯦꯛ, ꯐꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ, ꯈꯨꯠꯅꯥ ꯏꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯌꯨꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯏꯞ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ, ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ꯫

  • ꯃꯍꯤꯛ ꯄꯛꯄ
  • ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
  • ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫
  • ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫

  • ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯌꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯉ꯭ꯀꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
  • ꯊꯥꯌꯔꯣꯏꯗꯀꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ꯫
  • ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ, ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ꯫
  • ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ꯫
  • ꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡ (fistulas)꯫
  • ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯆꯪꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯆꯪꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯣꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ , ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯁꯦꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯂꯣ-ꯑꯄꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ, ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯒꯗꯒꯦ, ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯎꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ꯫
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ:
- ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫ - ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯃꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫
ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ (ETU)ꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯨ:
- ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄꯦꯏꯟ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫ - ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯣꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ, ꯏꯃꯨꯡ-ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯦꯂꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯔꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

  • ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯆ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
  • *ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯉꯆꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

  • ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫

ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ, ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥ, ꯚꯣꯏꯁ ꯕꯣꯛꯁ, ꯂꯦꯔꯤꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ, ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯇꯤ
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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