ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯖꯤ.ꯇꯨꯕ (ꯅꯥꯁꯣꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ꯫

ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ, ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯤꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯎꯕꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯕꯥ, ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯖꯤ. ꯑꯣꯀꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ-ꯃꯄꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯆꯁꯤ꯫

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯖꯤ.

ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯖꯤ.ꯇꯨꯕ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ, ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ "ꯅꯥꯁꯣꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯛ" ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊꯗꯤ "ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ" ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ . ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯖꯤ.ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯖꯤ.ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯖꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫

꯱.ꯁꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯂꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯊꯤꯟ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

꯲.ꯗꯕꯜ ꯂꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ (suction) ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ, ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯚꯦꯛꯌꯨꯝ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯁꯤꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯗꯦ꯫

ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯅꯁꯥꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯔꯁ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯔꯤ꯫

• ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ: ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯐꯃꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯂꯨꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ: ꯇꯨꯕꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯩ ꯀꯥꯞꯄꯥ: ꯂꯤꯗꯣꯀꯦꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯅꯖꯦꯀꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
• ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯌꯥꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯎ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯔꯛ ꯇꯧ꯫

ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯖꯤ.ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯥꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯖꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

1. ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯔꯁ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯀꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫

2. ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯀꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯂꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯥꯄꯊꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯒꯅꯤ꯫

3. ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯅꯤ꯫

4. ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯦꯛꯇꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯣꯛ ꯈꯨꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯅꯤ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯉꯥꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫

5. ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯔꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯞ ꯇꯧ꯫

ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛꯅꯤ . ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯁꯣꯌꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩ꯫

꯱.ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯱꯰꯰% ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯅꯤ꯫ ꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫

2. ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯠ pH ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯟꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕꯇꯥ ꯆꯦꯠꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯇꯤ (pH) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ (ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ) ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ pH ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯦꯃꯊꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯔꯥ?

ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ‘ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ’ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ‘ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ’ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯥꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯀꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯇꯤꯟ ꯁꯤꯠꯄꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕꯃꯈꯩ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯂꯤ꯫

• ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯂꯨꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯖꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ꯫
• ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯨ ꯇꯧ꯫
• ꯇꯤꯎꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯛꯅ-ꯁꯝꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯎ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯖꯤ.ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯖꯤ.ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯶ꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ. ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯖꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ (gastrostomy tube)ꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯔ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ, ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ NG ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯔꯁ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯊꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ:

• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯕꯥ, ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯧ ꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ (ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ)꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯠ ꯎꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯁꯣꯌꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯖꯤ. ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯏꯐꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫