ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯕꯦꯒ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? (ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯔꯤꯚꯥꯔꯁꯜ) ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯃꯣꯠꯄꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯕꯣꯋꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯁꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯂꯤꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯤꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯍꯪꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯗꯤ "ꯑꯩꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?" ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯔꯤꯚꯔꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯔꯤꯚꯔꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯣꯋꯦꯜ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ (ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯂꯤꯌꯥꯝ) ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ . ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ ꯔꯤꯚꯔꯁꯜ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯅꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ (stoma) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ?

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯅꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ, ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯂꯦꯠꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯕꯦꯒ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯕꯦꯒ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯔꯣꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯕꯦꯒ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯔꯖꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯨꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯐ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯔꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯊꯥ 3ꯗꯒꯤ 12 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ:

• ꯑꯦꯅꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ (Endoscopy): ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯈꯨꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯖ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ: ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ (ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
• ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯝ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ: ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯣꯏ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯒꯅꯤ:

1. ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ (ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥ) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫

2. ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

3. ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥ ꯍꯣꯜ (stoma hole) ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯇꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ, ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ . ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯨ ꯁꯝꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯚꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯧ ꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯑꯇꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ:

• ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ: ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ, ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯂꯥꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯂꯤꯌꯁ (Paralytic Ileus): ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯕꯣꯋꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ ꯐꯨꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫
• ꯕꯣꯋꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯆꯠ-ꯁꯥꯖꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ: ꯕꯣꯋꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯤꯌꯥ (diaria) ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯤꯄꯁꯟ (constipation)ꯁꯨ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯕꯥꯊꯔꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯨ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯥ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫

• ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ: ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ (abdominal adhesions): ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ꯫
• ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯀꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟꯁ (fecal incontinence): ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯜ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯕꯣꯋꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯆꯪꯕꯒꯦ? ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ 6ꯗꯒꯤ 8 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯆꯪꯏ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

• ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ, ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯕꯦꯅꯥ, ꯆꯦꯡ, ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ)ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯀꯎ , ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ꯫
• ꯌꯨ, ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ (ꯁꯣꯗꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯐꯤ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯅꯨ꯫
• ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯆꯥꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯎ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫

ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯐꯣꯂꯣ-ꯑꯞ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫

• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯆꯤꯜꯂꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯩ ꯀꯥꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯧ ꯍꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ (pus-like fluid) ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯄꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫