ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯂꯁꯤ!

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕꯔꯥ? ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ, ꯈꯔꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯉꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ `(ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ)` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯒꯤ (ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ``ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯇꯔ`` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ) ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ``ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ`` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯌꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ `(ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ)` ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯔꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ? ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯟ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ (`(ꯃꯦꯟ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ)`), ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ (`(ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ)`) ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ (`(right ventricle)`)ꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯥꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ (disfunctional) ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ``ꯔꯥꯏꯠ-ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯐꯦꯏꯜ'' ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯕꯨ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ?

`(ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ)` ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ . ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯇꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ (`(ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ)` - ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ)ꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯌꯥꯝ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ (`ꯃꯥꯏꯜꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ`) ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ . ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ (`(Shortness of breath)`)꯫
• ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ (`(Fatigue)`)꯫
• ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯒꯨꯝ ꯁꯣꯜꯂꯤ , ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕꯔꯥ? (`(ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ)`)꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ? (ꯔꯦꯄꯤꯗ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯔꯦꯠ)꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ, ꯈꯣꯡ, ꯃꯥꯌ, ꯃꯤꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? (`(ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ)`)꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ? (`(ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯁ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ)`)꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯥꯛ, ꯃꯈꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯤꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯔꯥ ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ``ꯁꯥꯏꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ'' ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ? ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯔꯥ? (`(ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯣꯂꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ)`)꯫

ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯩ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ? ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯏ (ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ, ꯋꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ 40%ꯗꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ (ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ)ꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯑꯇꯩ ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ 2% ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 3%ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ (ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ)꯫ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:

• (Tetralogy of Fallot): ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫
• (ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ): ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ (pulmonary artery)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ (pulmonary valve) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫
• (Truncus arteriosus): ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯗꯤꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ (Aortic valve stenosis) : ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯜ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇ (atrial septal defect): ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯅꯤ (atria)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯀꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯜ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇ (ventricular septal defect): ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔ (ventricle) ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯨ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• (ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ): ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯚꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
• (ꯄꯦꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯗꯛꯇꯁ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯑꯣꯁꯁ):ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ (aorta)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯗꯤ, ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯔꯨꯕꯦꯂꯥ ꯁꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯝ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜꯂꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯔꯨꯕꯦꯂꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• (Williams syndrome): ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• (Alagille syndrome): ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯇꯥꯀꯥꯌꯥꯁꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯨ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ:

• ꯂꯪꯁ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯞꯂꯥꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫
• ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
• ``ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯕꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ'' ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯅꯇꯦꯟꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯃꯥ (``murmur'') ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯒꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯅꯤ:

• ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐ - ꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯖꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏ.ꯀꯦ.ꯖꯤ.: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ (arrhythmias) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ (stress) ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
• ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ, ꯂꯪꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
• ꯏꯀꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐ (echocardiogram): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯋꯦꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫
• ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯌꯦꯛ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ (MRI): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯗꯤꯃꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ (3D) ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• (ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ. ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ): ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ `(ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ)` ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯝꯞꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯤ `(X-ray)`ꯒꯤ ꯄꯤꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ-ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯚꯤꯎꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦ (`(IV contrast)`) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯏꯅꯖꯦꯀꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
• ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯌꯦꯛ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ (cardiac catheterization): ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ (catheter) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤ: ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯠ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫
• (ꯄꯔꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ): ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯣꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯏꯅꯖꯦꯀꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯂꯪꯁ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ, ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯂꯣ-ꯑꯞ ꯆꯦꯀꯑꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯇꯥꯏꯞ I, II, III, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ IV ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? (ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕ)

ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ . ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯦꯃꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ .

`(ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ)`ꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ:

ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯟ ꯗꯥꯏꯂꯦꯁꯟ / ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯒꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯏ:

• ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯗꯛꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ (ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯟ ꯗꯥꯏꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯣ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯗꯥ ꯐꯨꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯗꯛꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯟ ꯗꯥꯏꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯁꯃꯦꯟꯇ (ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ)

ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯒꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯏ:

• ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯟ-ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯥꯟꯗꯦꯕꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ (ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯦꯁ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ) ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯟ ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ-ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯚꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯗꯥ ꯐꯨꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

``(The Cutting BalloonTM)`` ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯗ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯨꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯀꯊꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯐꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ 21%ꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯂꯦꯟꯕ

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯆꯌꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ, ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯟ ꯗꯥꯏꯂꯦꯁꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯖ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ 15%ꯗꯒꯤ 20% ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯟ ꯗꯥꯏꯂꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ:

• ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯝ꯫
• ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ (ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ)꯫
• ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯔꯄꯆꯔ (`(ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯔꯄꯆꯔ)`)꯫
• ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯏꯗꯤꯃꯥ (`(ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯏꯗꯤꯃꯥ)`)꯫
• ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ, ꯃꯤ ꯁꯤꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ:

• ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
• ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯗꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔꯤ (`(ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯀꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯊꯃꯤꯌꯥ)`)꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯆꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ (ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ)꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯃꯤ:

• ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯹꯶% ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ .
• ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯔꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ .
• ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯟ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯈꯛꯇꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯟ ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯀꯄꯥ꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯟ ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ .
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ (`(complex anatomy)`)꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ .

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯇꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯊꯤꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯌꯥꯝ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯐꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ? (ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯉꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ-ꯃꯔꯩ ꯐꯥꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ``ꯎꯏꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯁ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ'' ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ``ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯖꯤꯜ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ''ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯄꯣꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯀꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯑꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯀꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯪꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯪꯕꯤꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ `(ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ)` ꯂꯥꯀꯈꯤꯕꯅꯣ?
• ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
• ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯟꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯍꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

`(ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ)` ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯅꯤ . ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ `(ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯦꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ)` ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ . ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯟ ꯗꯥꯏꯂꯦꯁꯟ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯆꯦꯀꯑꯞ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ . ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫

` ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ, ꯄꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ, ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇ, ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ, ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ꯫