ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯊꯨꯃꯍꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ!

ꯊꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯈꯟꯊꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯀꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯀꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ, ꯐꯣꯅꯒꯤ `ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯟ` ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯂꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ, ꯏꯕꯥ, ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ... ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯨꯃꯍꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯂꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ, ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ? ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯃꯍꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯤ꯫

ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯊꯨꯝ (thumb arthritis) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯨꯝ (thumb)ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯛꯅ-ꯁꯝꯅꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯄꯣꯃꯦꯇꯥꯀꯥꯔꯄꯜ (CMC) ꯖꯣꯟ (CMC) ꯖꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯨꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯎ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯆꯦꯠꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯁꯤ. ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯂꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯁꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯄꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯣꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ:

• ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ꯫ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯕꯥꯒꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯏꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯆꯥꯛ ꯊꯣꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯅꯤ꯫
• `ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯁꯤ.`ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯖꯗꯥ, ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯠꯔꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯈꯣꯡꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ (joint of the thumb) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯕꯣꯇꯜ ꯀꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯖ꯭ꯌꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯖꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯠꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯈꯣꯡꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯌꯕꯥ, ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯌꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯩ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯕꯤꯒ ꯇꯣꯏ ꯑꯥꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ?

ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯅꯈꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ (thumb joints)ꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ (cartilage) ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯛꯅ-ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯛꯅ-ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ, ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ:

• ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ: ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯄꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯆꯍꯤ 40ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ: ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯤꯁꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ, ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯁꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯤꯁꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯁꯤꯡ: ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ, ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯄꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯌꯨꯃꯦꯇꯣꯏꯗ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫

• ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯀꯨꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯛꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ?
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯁꯣꯀꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯪꯕꯤꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ,

• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯂꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯔꯕꯗꯤ,
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ "ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯤꯜꯂꯤꯡ" ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯆꯦꯡ-ꯍꯋꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ,
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯛꯅ-ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ "ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯂꯤꯡ" (`crepitus`) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ,

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕꯤꯒ ꯇꯣꯏ ꯑꯥꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯛꯅ-ꯁꯝꯅꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯕꯤꯒ ꯇꯣꯏ ꯑꯥꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ:

• ꯑꯥꯏꯁ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ: ꯑꯥꯏꯁ ꯄꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯄꯦꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯠ 5ꯗꯒꯤ 15 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯃꯔꯨꯝ ꯊꯥꯎ꯫ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯧ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯐ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
• ꯄꯦꯏꯅꯀꯤꯂꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡ: ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯏꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯁꯤꯡ (NSAIDs), ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯏꯕꯨꯞꯔꯣꯐꯦꯟ (Advil®), ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯟ (Aspirin), ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯇꯥꯃꯤꯅꯣꯐꯦꯟ (Tylenol®) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯗꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯝ ꯀꯦꯌꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯆꯤꯜꯂꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫

• ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯏꯗ ꯏꯅꯖꯦꯀꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎꯒꯤ ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯁꯤ. ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯥ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯏꯟ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯐ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯏꯅꯖꯦꯀꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯏꯅꯖꯦꯀꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫

ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯁꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯊꯨꯃꯍꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ:

• ꯑꯥꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ (joint replacement): ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯖꯣꯟ (artificial implant) ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯗꯦꯅꯔꯚꯦꯁꯟ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯖꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯗꯥ ꯄꯦꯟ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯔꯚ ꯑꯦꯅꯗꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯟ (arthrodesis): ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ (thumb joint)ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯔꯃꯦꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ (thumb joint)ꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ꯫
• `ꯂꯤꯒꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯔꯤꯀꯟꯁꯠꯔꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯣꯟ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ (ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.)`:ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ (ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯄꯦꯖꯤꯌꯝ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ) ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯨꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ (thumb-suspension) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯣꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
• ꯁꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯟꯁꯅꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯄꯦꯖꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯨꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯁꯨ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ, ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯔꯀꯥꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯅꯤ꯫

ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯁꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ, ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯐ ꯂꯩꯠꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯌꯨꯄꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ . ꯍꯦꯟꯗ ꯗꯤꯁꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯥꯏꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯗ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ, ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ (ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ)

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯉꯎꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯀꯤ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ, ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯟꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯏꯞ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯤꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯨ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ, ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ, ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯆꯪꯗꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯐ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

` ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ, ꯊꯨꯝ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ, ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯁꯤ