ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯨꯔꯒꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯖ-ꯄꯤꯊꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ, ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯔꯥ? ꯃꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯇ꯭ꯔꯉ꯭ꯀꯁ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯑꯣꯁ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ꯫
ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯉ꯭ꯀꯁ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯑꯣꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯛ ꯐꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ (arteries) ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
1. ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ "ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ" ꯏ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯂꯪꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫
2. ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯕꯥ "ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ" ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯈꯉꯂꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ꯫
ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯇ꯭ꯔꯉ꯭ꯀꯁ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯑꯣꯁꯁ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯒꯦꯁꯣꯂꯤꯅꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯒꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯏ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ? ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯪꯁ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ . ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯊꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
| ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ꯫ | ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯜ |
|---|---|
| ꯕ꯭ꯂꯨ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯟ (Cyanosis) . | ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯡ, ꯃꯈꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯤꯟ-ꯃꯅꯥꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯅꯤꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫ |
| ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ |
| ꯁꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯝ ꯊꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯁꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯝ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯍꯥꯛ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯁꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯝ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯏ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ꯫ |
| ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ |
| ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ꯫ | ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯝ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯀꯂꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯣꯏ꯫ |
| ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯏꯛ ꯄꯂꯁ꯫ | ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯀꯊꯣꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯄꯂꯁ ꯑꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ |
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯎꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯈꯠꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ . ꯊꯦꯡꯊꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ?
ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯁꯨ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯈꯔꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯉ꯭ꯀꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯚꯦꯂꯞ ꯇꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯇꯦ꯫
ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯔꯖ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ , ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜꯂꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜꯂꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ꯫
- ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯕꯦꯇꯤꯖ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯃꯥ꯫
- ꯔꯨꯕꯦꯂꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯥꯏꯔꯁ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ꯫
- ꯌꯨ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯂꯤꯗꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯡ-ꯇꯥꯛꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯔꯨꯇꯤꯟ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯂꯁ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯎꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯐꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯀꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯅꯤ . ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯦꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯎꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯇꯁ ꯏꯀꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯍꯣꯏ. ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯐꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ . ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯒꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ:
- ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯋꯥꯜ (`VSD`)ꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ (`truncus`) ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫
- ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤꯂꯉ꯭ꯀꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯍꯩꯊꯣꯏ-ꯁꯤꯡꯊꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯦꯛꯇ (`ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇ`) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫
ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯂꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯃꯗꯤ ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯍꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯂꯦ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯗꯦꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯸꯰%ꯗꯒꯤ ꯹꯷% ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ . ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ 20 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ 92%ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯛꯇꯦ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ, ꯃꯍꯩ ꯇꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ .
ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯇ꯭ꯔꯉ꯭ꯀꯁ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯑꯣꯁꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ, ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡ ꯄꯤꯊꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫
- ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯅꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
- ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯂꯣ-ꯑꯞ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯗꯣꯝ ꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ, ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯐꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯂꯧ꯫
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