Tiyeni tingophunzira za Lymphatic System: Choteteza Chobisika cha Thupi Lathu!

Kodi munayamba mwaganizapo kuti pali netiweki ina yodabwitsa mkati mwa thupi lathu, kupatula dongosolo la magazi? Iyi ndi njira yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati chitetezo cha thupi lathu ndipo imathandiza kuti thupi lathu likhale loyera. Ndi chimene timachitcha dongosolo la lymphatic, kapena mu Chingerezi, `(Lymphatic System)`. Tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane lero, chabwino?

Kodi dongosolo la mitsempha ya m'mimba ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Tangoganizirani dongosolo la njira zing'onozing'ono m'thupi lanu lonse. Madzi opanda mtundu, amadzi amayenda kudzera m'njirazi. Madzi amenewo ndi omwe timawatcha "lymph." Dongosolo la lymphatic limapangidwa ndi njira izi za lymphatic, lymph nodes, ndi ziwalo zina zingapo zapadera. Zonsezi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti zibwezeretse madzi a lymph m'magazi mwathu.

Chofunika kwambiri, dongosolo la lymphatic ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la chitetezo chathu chamthupi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, limagwira ntchito yayikulu poteteza matenda, kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timalowa m'thupi, ndikuwononga maselo akale, osazolowereka omwe thupi silikufunanso. Kuphatikiza apo, dongosolo la lymphatic limathandizanso kusunga madzi m'thupi ndipo limatenga mafuta ndi mavitamini osungunuka mafuta kuchokera muzakudya zomwe timadya kupita m'magazi. Kodi sizodabwitsa?

Kodi dongosolo la lymphatic limapereka ntchito zotani kwa ife?

Tiyeni tiwone ntchito yofunika kwambiri yomwe dongosolo la lymphatic limachita m'thupi lathu.

• Kusonkhanitsa madzi ochulukirapo m'thupi ndikubwezeretsa m'magazi: Pali madzi ochulukirapo omwe amasonkhana m'thupi lathu. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikusonkhanitsa madzi awa ndikubwezeretsa m'magazi. Izi ndikusunga kuchuluka koyenera kwa madzi m'thupi. Komanso, dongosololi limathandiza kusefa zinyalala ndi maselo osazolowereka kuchokera m'madzi awa.
• Zimathandiza kuyamwa mafuta: Zakudya zambiri zomwe timadya zimatha kulowa m'thupi kudzera m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono m'mitsempha yathu yamagazi (ma capillaries). Komabe, mitundu ina ya mafuta ndi mamolekyu akuluakulu sangathe kuyamwa motere. Panthawiyo, dongosolo la lymphatic limasonkhanitsa madzi okhala ndi tinthu timeneti kuchokera m'matumbo athu ndikubwerera nawo m'magazi.
• Kuteteza thupi ku zilombo zowononga: Monga tanenera kale, dongosolo la lymphatic ndi gawo lalikulu la chitetezo chathu chamthupi. Limapanga ndi kutulutsa ma lymphocyte , mtundu wa maselo oyera amagazi, ndi maselo ena oteteza thupi. Maselo amenewa ndi omwe amayang'anira kupeza ndi kuwononga zilombo zowononga monga mabakiteriya, mavairasi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi bowa zomwe zimayesa kulowa m'thupi.

Tangoganizani, ngati thupi lathu ndi mzinda waukulu, dongosolo la mitsempha ya m'magazi lili ngati gulu lapadera lomwe limasunga mzinda umenewo kukhala woyera, kuchotsa zinyalala, ndikuuteteza ku adani.

Kodi dongosolo la lymphatic ili limagwira ntchito bwanji? Tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane.

Iyi ndi njira yosangalatsa kwambiri. Mvetserani...

Tsiku lililonse, gawo lamadzimadzi la magazi athu, lotchedwa plasma,Pafupifupi malita 20 a madzi amatuluka kudzera m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono m'mitsempha yathu yamagazi. Zili ngati madzi akutuluka mu siponji. Ndiye madzi awa amapita kuti? Madzi awa amanyamula mpweya ndi michere kupita ku minofu yozungulira mitsempha. Mitsempha imayamwa michereyi bwino, koma imasiya zinyalala.

Kotero, plasma iyi imasonkhanitsa zinyalalazo ndikubwerera m'magazi momwemonso momwe inadzera, kudzera m'mabowo a mitsempha yamagazi. Pafupifupi malita 17 a plasma amabwezedwa m'magazi mwanjira iyi tsiku lililonse. Poyamba, malita 20 amatuluka, kenako malita pafupifupi atatu amatsala m'thupi, sichoncho?

Apa ndi pomwe dongosolo lathu la lymphatic limayambira. Mitsempha ya lymphatic yabwino kwambiri imasonkhanitsa madzi otsalawa kuchokera m'minofu. Paulendo uwu, madziwo amasintha dzina lake: satchedwanso plasma, koma lymph . Kenako, kuchokera ku mitsempha ya lymphatic iyi, lymph imatumizidwa ku njira zazikulu pang'ono, zotchedwa mitsempha ya lymphatic.

Lymph imapitirira kuyenda m'mitsempha ya lymphatic iyi, pamapeto pake imalumikizana ndi mitsempha iwiri ikuluikulu kumtunda kwa chifuwa chathu. Mitsempha iyi imatchedwa right lymphatic duct ndi thoracic duct . Izi zili ngati malo olowera mumsewu waukulu. Mitsempha iwiriyi imalumikizana ndi mitsempha ikuluikulu yomwe ili kumbuyo kwa collarbone yathu (mitsempha ya subclavian), ndipo madzi a lymph amatulutsidwa m'mitsempha imeneyo. Kuchokera pamenepo, madzi a lymph amalowanso m'magazi ndikuyamba kuyenda m'thupi lonse. Kodi mukumvetsa?

Ndi ziwalo ziti zomwe zili mu dongosolo la lymphatic?

Dongosolo la lymphatic si chiwalo chimodzi, koma dongosolo lopangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri. Tiyeni tiwone ziwalo zazikulu:

• Mafupa a Bone: Iyi ndi gawo lofewa, lokhala ngati siponji mkati mwa mafupa athu ena (monga fupa la m'chiuno, msana, ndi fupa pakati pa chifuwa). Ntchito yaikulu ya mafupa a bone ndi kupanga maselo oyera a magazi, maselo ofiira a magazi, ndi ma platelet.
• Thymus: Chiwalo ichi chili pamwamba pa chifuwa, pansi pa fupa la pachifuwa. Chimagwira ntchito kwambiri paunyamata. Ma T-cell , mtundu wa maselo oyera a m'magazi, amakula mokwanira pano. Ma T-cell amenewa amathandiza thupi kumenyana ndi adani ochokera kunja.
• Ma Lymph Nodes: Awa ndi ma glands ooneka ngati nyemba. Pamene lymph ikuyenda kudzera mwa iwo, imasefa ndikuyang'anira. Amachotsa maselo owonongeka ndi maselo a khansa. Amasunganso ma lymphocyte ndi maselo ena oteteza thupi omwe amawononga zinthu zoopsa monga mabakiteriya. Pali ma lymph nodes pafupifupi 600 m'thupi lathu lonse. Ena mwa iwo amasonkhana pamodzi mu unyolo. Nthawi zina mumatha kumva ma lymph nodes awa m'malo monga m'khwapa, m'mimba, ndi m'khosi. Ena ali mkati mwa thupi.
• Nkhumba:Ichi ndi chiwalo chachikulu kwambiri mu dongosolo la lymphatic. Chili kumanzere kwathu, pansi pa nthiti, pamwamba pa mimba. Nkhungu imasefa magazi athu ndikuchotsa maselo akale, osagwira ntchito bwino. Imasunganso maselo ofiira a magazi ndi ma platelet kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito thupi likawafuna.
• Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT): Minofu imeneyi imapezeka m'malo ambiri ofunikira m'thupi lathu. Mwachitsanzo, imapezeka m'matumbo athu, m'njira yopumira, m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono, ndi m'chimake. Ntchito ya MALT ndi kupeza ndikuwononga majeremusi omwe angativulaze.

Kodi ziwalo zina za dongosolo la lymphatic ndi ziti?

Dongosolo la lymphatic ndi gulu lalikulu. Ziwalo zina zazikulu za dongosololi ndi izi:

• Lymph: Lymph, kapena lymphatic fluid, ndi madzi ochulukirapo omwe amatuluka m'maselo ndi minofu ya thupi lathu ndipo samalowanso m'mitsempha yamagazi. Ili ndi zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo mapuloteni, mchere, mafuta, maselo owonongeka, maselo a khansa, ndi poizoni. Lymph imanyamulanso maselo oyera amagazi (lymphocytes) omwe amalimbana ndi matenda.
• Mitsempha ya lymphatic: Iyi ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yolumikizirana yomwe imayenda m'thupi lathu lonse. Njira zazing'ono kwambiri ndi mitsempha ya lymphatic capillaries. Izi zimalumikizana kuti zipange njira zazikulu, zomwe pamapeto pake zimalumikiza mitsempha iwiri yayikulu pachifuwa chapamwamba. Madzi a lymph amayenda kudzera m'njira izi chifukwa cha kugundana kwa mitsempha yapafupi komanso kupindika kwa minofu. Njirazi zimakhala ndi ma valve omwe amalola lymph kuyenda mbali imodzi yokha.
• Ma duct osonkhanitsa: Ma duct awiri akuluakulu omwe ali pachifuwa chapamwamba (njira yolumikizirana ya lymphatic ndi njira yolumikizirana ya thoracic) ndi komwe madzi a lymph amasonkhana m'mitsempha ya subclavian yomwe ili kumbuyo kwa mafupa athu a collarbone. Izi zili ngati malo olumikizirana komwe madzi a lymph amalumikizananso ndi magazi.
• Ma tonsils ndi adenoids: Izi ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda omwe amalowa m'thupi kudzera mu chakudya chomwe timadya komanso mpweya womwe timapuma. Ndiwo mzere woyamba wodzitetezera ku zowononga. Ma tonsils ali kumbuyo kwa mmero mwathu. Ma adenoids ali kumbuyo kwa mphuno, koma amagwira ntchito kokha ali ana.

Ndi matenda ndi matenda ati omwe amakhudza dongosolo la lymphatic?

Pali matenda ambiri omwe angakhudze ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za dongosolo lathu la mitsempha ya m'magazi. Ena mwa iwo amapezeka asanabadwe kapena ali mwana. Ena amayamba chifukwa cha matenda kapena kuvulala. Nazi zina mwa matenda ndi matenda ofala kwambiri okhudzana ndi dongosolo la mitsempha ya m'magazi:

• Lymphadenopathy: Lymphadenopathy imatha kutupa chifukwa cha matenda, kutupa, ndi khansa. Matenda a pakhosi monga strep throat, mononucleosis, ndi HIV angayambitsenso lymph nodes kutupa, monganso matenda a pakhungu. Lymphadenitis ikatupa chifukwa cha matenda kapena vuto la kutupa, imatchedwa lymphadenitis .
• Kutupa chifukwa cha kuchulukana kwa madzi m'thupi (Lymphedema):Lymphedema ikhoza kuchitika pamene mitsempha ya lymph kapena ma lymph node awonongeka ndipo minofu ya lymphatic imapanga zipsera, zomwe zimatseka dongosolo la lymphatic. Izi zitha kuchitikanso ngati ma lymph node achotsedwa ngati gawo la chithandizo cha matenda monga khansa. Lymphedema nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha kuchulukana kwa madzi m'manja kapena m'miyendo. Izi nthawi zina zimakhala kutupa pang'ono, kapena zimakhala zopweteka kwambiri komanso zowopsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku zikhale zovuta. Anthu omwe ali ndi lymphedema ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda akhungu omwe nthawi zina amakhala oopsa komanso oopsa.
• Lymphoma: Lymphoma ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'maselo a lymph. Imayambitsidwa ndi kukula kosalamulirika ndi kuchulukana kwa maselo otchedwa lymphocytes. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lymphoma, monga ``Hodgkin's lymphoma'' ndi ``non-Hodgkin's lymphoma''. Komanso, zotupa za khansa zimatha kutseka mitsempha ya lymph ndikusokoneza kuyenda kwa madzi am'thupi pafupi ndi malo a lymphocyte.

Matenda ena owopsa:

• Lymphangitis: Uku ndi kutupa kwa mitsempha yanu ya lymph.
• Lymphangioma: Imeneyi ndi vuto lobadwa nalo. Kukula kwambiri kwa mitsempha ya lymph kumayambitsa ma cysts osakhala khansa, odzaza ndi madzi, omwe amapangika pansi pa khungu.
• Kutaya kwa minofu ya lymphangiectasia m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono kumayambitsa mapuloteni, gamma globulins, albumin, ndi ma lymphocytes kutuluka m'thupi.
• Lymphocytosis: Pa vutoli, chiwerengero cha ma lymphocyte m'thupi chimawonjezeka kuposa momwe zimakhalira.
• Lymphatic filariasis: Iyi ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amasokoneza ntchito ya dongosolo la lymphatic.
• Matenda a Castleman: Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kukula kwa maselo m'thupi la lymphatic system.
• Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: Iyi ndi matenda osowa kwambiri pomwe maselo osazolowereka ngati minofu amayamba kukula mosalamulirika m'mapapo, m'maselo a lymph, ndi impso.
• Matenda a Autoimmune lymphoproliferative: Ichi ndi matenda osowa kwambiri a majini omwe amachititsa kuti ma lymphocyte ambiri m'ma lymph nodes, chiwindi, ndi ndulu achuluke.
• Mesenteric lymphadenitis: Uku ndi kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes m'mimba (m'mimba).

Ndi mayeso ati omwe angathandize kudziwa thanzi la dongosolo langa la lymphatic?

Kuti aone momwe dongosolo lanu la lymphatic likugwira ntchito, dokotala wanu angagwiritse ntchito mayeso ojambulira zithunzi, monga ``Computed Tomography (CT scan)`` kapena ``Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)``. Dokotala wanu adzakuuzani zotsatira za mayesowa ndi momwe angakukhudzireni.

Kodi ndingatani kuti dongosolo langa la lymphatic likhale lathanzi?

Kuti dongosolo lanu la lymphatic likhale lamphamvu komanso lathanzi, muyenera kuchita izi:

• Pewani kukhudzana ndi mankhwala oopsa omwe amapezeka mu mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi zinthu zotsukira. Mankhwalawa amatha kusonkhana m'thupi lanu ndikupangitsa kuti thupi lanu lisamasefe zinyalala.
• Imwani madzi ambiri . Izi zidzakuthandizani kukhala ndi madzi okwanira komanso zimathandiza kuti madzi a m'thupi aziyenda mosavuta m'thupi lanu lonse.
• Tsatirani moyo wathanzi . Izi zikuphatikizapo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse komanso kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Dokotala wanu angakupatseni malangizo enieni kutengera mbiri yanu yachipatala komanso zosowa zanu.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Pitani kwa dokotala ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi:

• Kutopa kwambiri.
• Kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes. Ichi chingakhale chizindikiro cha matenda ofala, monga kupweteka pakhosi, kapena chingakhale chizindikiro cha matenda oopsa kwambiri, monga khansa kapena HIV.
• Kutupa komwe kumatenga milungu ingapo popanda chifukwa ndipo kumasokoneza zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Tikayang'ana chithunzi cha thupi la munthu, maso athu nthawi yomweyo amapita ku ziwalo zazikulu monga mtima ndi ubongo, kapena ku mizere yofiira yomwe imayimira mitsempha yathu. Komabe, pali netiweki ina ya mizere yomwe siiwonetsedwa nthawi zonse m'madiwero amenewo, koma ndi yofunika kwambiri - netiweki ya njira zofewa zomwe zimanyamula madzi a lymph m'thupi lathu lonse. Monga misewu yomwe imayenda mozungulira mzinda, mitsempha yathu yamagazi ndi mitsempha ya lymph imafalikira mbali zonse za matupi athu, kutipatsa zinthu zomwe timafunikira, ndikuchita ntchito zina zambiri zofunika kuti tikhale olimba.

Thupi lathu la lymphatic likhoza kukhudzidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, omwe angasokoneze zochita zathu za tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngati mwapezeka ndi vuto ngati ili, mungadabwe komanso kuchita mantha ndi tsogolo lanu. Kuphunzira zambiri za lymphatic system ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito kungakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika m'thupi lanu komanso momwe chithandizo chingathandizire. Funsani dokotala wanu kuti akuuzeni zambiri zokhudza lymphatic system yanu ndi vuto lanu.

Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Chabwino, izi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana lero:

• Dongosolo la lymphatic ndi chitetezo chofunikira kwambiri komanso chobisika m'thupi lathu. Ndi gawo lalikulu la chitetezo chathu chamthupi.
• Dongosololi limathandiza kusunga madzi m'thupi, kuyamwa mafuta, komanso kulimbana ndi poizoni .
• Ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala ngati muli ndi zizindikiro monga kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes kapena kutupa m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi lanu.
• Mukhoza kusunga dongosolo lanu la lymphatic limakhala lathanzi mwa kumwa madzi ambiri ndikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi .

Kotero, ndikukhulupirira kuti muli ndi lingaliro labwino la dongosolo la lymphatic. Kudziwa zinthu ngati izi kudzakuthandizani kwambiri pakusamalira thanzi lanu.

'Dongosolo la mitsempha ya m'magazi, chitetezo chamthupi, ma lymph nodes, ndulu, thanzi