Kodi mukudziwa bwino momwe timapumira? Tiyeni tikambirane za dongosolo lanu lopumira mwachidule!

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe timapumira, momwe timapezera mpweya wabwino komanso momwe timatulutsira mpweya woipa? Zonsezi zimachitika chifukwa cha dongosolo lodabwitsa m'thupi lathu. Ndi dongosolo lopumira, kapena `(Machitidwe Opumira)`. Tiyeni tikambirane za izi lero m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse, chabwino?

Ndiye kodi njira yopumira iyi ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, dongosolo lanu lopumira ndi gulu la ziwalo ndi kapangidwe ka thupi lanu komwe kamakuthandizani kupuma. Izi zikuphatikizapo mapapu anu, mphuno, pakamwa, ndi ziwalo zofanana ndi chubu zomwe zimawalumikiza, zotchedwa njira zopumira . Palinso minofu ndi mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imathandiza dongosolo lanu lopumira, ndipo khola lanu la nthiti, kapena khola la nthiti , limateteza zonsezi. Ziwalo zonsezi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti zitenge mpweya wabwino mukamapuma komanso kuti zichotse mpweya woipa mukamapuma.

Kodi ntchito zazikulu za dongosolo lopumira ndi ziti?

Ntchito yaikulu ya dongosolo lanu lopumira ndi kubweretsa mpweya m'maselo a thupi lanu ndikuchotsa carbon dioxide , chinthu chonyansa. Mumachita izi popuma ndi kutuluka, komanso posinthana mpweya pakati pa timatumba tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya m'mapapu anu, otchedwa alveoli , ndi mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imanyamula. Kuphatikiza apo, dongosolo lanu lopumira limachita zinthu zina zofunika:

• Mpweya umene mumapuma umatenthedwa ndipo umawonjezera chinyezi. Thupi lanu lopumira limatenthetsa mpweya kuti ugwirizane ndi kutentha kwa thupi lanu. Limaupangitsanso chinyezi kuti ufike pa chinyezi chomwe thupi lanu limafunikira.
• Mukapuma, mumateteza thupi lanu ku zinthu zoopsa zomwe zimalowa. Zigawo zina za dongosolo lopumira zimatha kuletsa majeremusi ndi zinthu zoyambitsa mavuto kuti zisalowe - kapena kuzitulutsa ngati zitalowa.
• Zimakuthandizani kulankhula. Phokoso limapangidwa mpweya ukagwedezeka ndi mawu anu.
• Zimakuthandizani kununkhiza. Mukapuma mpweya, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili mkati mwake timadutsa mu mitsempha yanu ya fungo, yomwe imatumiza uthenga ku ubongo wanu wokhudza fungo la chinthu china.
• Kumalimbitsa acidity m'thupi lanu. Mpweya wa carbon dioxide ukachuluka, pH ya magazi anu imachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale acidity yambiri. Mwa kuchotsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide, dongosolo lanu lopumira limathandiza kusunga acidity m'thupi.

Kodi ziwalo za dongosolo lopumira ndi ziti?

Chiwalo chachikulu cha dongosolo lanu lopumira ndi mapapo anu. Koma pali magawo osiyanasiyana a dongosolo lopumira omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi kuti akuthandizeni kupuma. Magawo awa ndi awa:

• Mphuno ndi mphuno
• Pakamwa ndi mkamwa
• Mabowo/ma sinuses `(ma sinuses)`
• Pakhosi (pharynx)
• Mphuno
• Mphuno ya mphepo (trachea)
• Njira zazikulu zopumira mpweya `(bronchi)`
• Mapapu
• Chifuwa

Kodi njira yopumira ya m'mwamba iyi ndi chiyani?

Njira yanu yopumira yapamwamba ndi yomwe imathandiza kubweretsa mpweya m'thupi lanu ndikuutumiza ku mapapo anu. Imawonjezeranso chinyezi mu mpweya womwe mumapuma. Njira yanu yopumira imayambira pamphuno ndi pakamwa panu, komwe mumapuma mpweya. Mbali zina za njira yanu yopumira yapamwamba ndi mphuno yanu, m'mphuno, ndi m'phuno.

Ndiye kodi njira yopumira ya m'munsi ndi chiyani?

Njira yanu yopumira yapansi imaphatikizapo mphuno yanu ya mpweya (trachea), bronchi yanu (njira zopumira), ndi mapapo anu. Mpweya wanu wa mphepo, njira zazikulu zopumira, ndi njira zazing'ono zopumira (bronchioles) zimapanga mtengo wa tracheobronchial . Dongosolo ili la machubu, lomwe limawoneka ngati mtengo wozondoka, limanyamula mpweya kuchokera ku njira yapamwamba yopumira kupita ku matumba ang'onoang'ono a mpweya m'mapapu anu, otchedwa alveoli.

Kodi dongosolo lanu la kupuma limagwira ntchito bwanji? Ndi zodabwitsa!

Maselo a thupi lanu amafunika mpweya kuti apange mphamvu. Mphamvu imeneyi ikapangidwa, mpweya wa carbon dioxide umatulutsidwa ngati zinyalala. Ngati mpweya wa carbon dioxide uwu waunjikana m'thupi, umawononga thupi. Chifukwa chake, ntchito yayikulu ya dongosolo lopumira ndikutengera mpweya m'mapapo ndikutulutsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide (kusinthana kwa mpweya) . Ntchitoyi imachitika limodzi ndi dongosolo lanu lozungulira magazi - kutanthauza mtima wanu, magazi, ndi mitsempha yamagazi.

Tangoganizani kuti nthawi iliyonse mukapuma, mpweya womwe uli mumlengalenga umakhala ngati anthu ambirimbiri okwera ndege. Ndege zimenezi zimafika pabwalo la ndege lotchedwa mapapu anu. Pamene diaphragm yanu ikutsika, malo omwe ali pachifuwa chanu amawonjezeka, ndipo mpweya (pamodzi ndi anthu ochepa okwera mpweya) umakokedwa m'mapapu anu. Mpweya umenewu umalowa mkamwa mwanu kapena m'mphuno mwanu, umayenda m'mapapo, m'mapapo, ndi m'mabronchioles, ngati njira zoyendera ndege pabwalo la ndege. Kenako anthu amenewa amafika pazipata za bwalo la ndege, m'mapapo anu.

Kumeneko, okwera mpweya amadutsa m'maselo opyapyala omwe amazungulira mapapo ndi kulowa m'mitsempha yaying'ono yamagazi yotchedwa capillaries. Taganizirani ngati takisi yonyamula okwera mpweya ku eyapoti. Pomaliza, takisi iyi imapita ku maselo ndi minofu yanu, ndikusiya mpweya kuti iwapatse mphamvu.

Kodi mungachotse bwanji carbon dioxide m'thupi?

Maselo akamagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, amapanga carbon dioxide. Mpweya ukangotuluka m'thupi lanu, tinthu ta carbon dioxide timalowa. Kuchokera pamenepo, timadutsa m'magazi mwanu ndikulowa m'ma airlock omwe ali m'mapapu anu otchedwa alveoli. Pamene diaphragm yanu ibwerera mmwamba, chifuwa chanu chimagwa, ndipo mukakankhira mpweya kunja momwemo momwe unalowera, umatuluka m'mapapu mwanu. Mukuona?

Kodi pali china chilichonse kupatula kupuma?

Inde, pamene mukupuma ndi kutuluka, dongosolo lanu lopumira limateteza thupi lanu ku mpweya wouma ndi tinthu tomwe tingawononge. Mukapuma, sinuses zanu zimathandiza kulamulira kutentha ndi chinyezi cha mpweya.

Pamene mpweya ukuyenda kudzera m'mphuno mwanu ndi m'njira zanu zopumira, zinthu zabwino ngati tsitsi (cilia) zimapeza fumbi, majeremusi, ndi zina zopumira, zomwe zimawalepheretsa kulowa m'njira zanu zopumira ndi m'mapapo. Ngati zinthu zopumirazi kapena majeremusi otere alowa mkati, dongosolo lanu lopumira limawagwira mu ntchofu. Kenako, ntchofu m'njira zanu zopumira zimasuntha ngati mafunde, kukankhira ntchofu iyi kunja kwa thupi lanu mukamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula.

Ndi matenda ati omwe angakhudze dongosolo lathu la kupuma?

Pali matenda ambiri omwe angakhudze ziwalo ndi minofu yomwe imapanga dongosolo lanu lopumira. Zina mwa izi zimayambitsidwa ndi zinthu zoyambitsa mkwiyo ndi majeremusi omwe mumapuma - mavairasi, mabakiteriya, ndi bowa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Zina zimatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kapena matenda a majini.

Zina mwa zinthu zomwe zingakhudze dongosolo la kupuma ndi izi:

• Matenda a rhinitis: Matenda a mphuno monga mungu wa m'mitengo, fumbi la ziweto, ndi fumbi zimatha kukhudza njira zanu zopumira komanso mphuno.
• Matenda a mpweya woipa: Izi zikuphatikizapo matenda monga mphumu, matenda a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ndi cystic fibrosis.
• Matenda opatsirana m'mapapo apamwamba ndi otsika: Matenda opatsirana m'mapapo, monga chimfine kapena chimfine, ndi ofala kwambiri.
• Kutupa: Matendawa angayambitse kutupa kwa njira zanu zazikulu zopumira (bronchitis), kutupa kwa mapapo anu (pneumonia), kutupa kwa sinuses zanu (sinusitis), kapena kutupa kwa ziwalo zina za dongosolo lanu lopumira.
• Matenda a m'mapapo a m'mapapo (ILD): Pulmonary Fibrosis ndi mitundu ina ya ILD ingayambitse zipsera zosatha m'mapapo mwanu.
• Kutsekeka kwa magazi: Izi zitha kukhala chinthu chakunja, chotupa chosaopsa, kapena chotupa cha khansa.
• Kusalingana kwa asidi m'magazi: Mukatulutsa mpweya woipa kwambiri kapena wochepa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa asidi m'magazi kumasintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mpweya woipa komanso mpweya woipa m'magazi.
• Mpweya wochepa kapena mpweya woipa wambiri m'magazi kapena m'thupi: Ngakhale kuti izi zingawoneke ngati matenda a magazi, matenda monga hypoxemia, hypoxia, ndi hypercapnia akhoza kukhala zizindikiro zakuti pali vuto ndi dongosolo lanu la kupuma.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a kupuma ndi ziti?

Matenda omwe amakhudza dongosolo la kupuma angayambitse zizindikiro monga:

• Kuvuta kapena kupuma movutikira (Dyspnea)
• Chifuwa chouma kapena chotupa
• Mphuno yotuluka madzi kapena mphuno yotsekeka
• Kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kulimba
• Kupuma movutikira ndi phokoso la mluzu pamene mukupuma.
• Kusintha kwa mtundu wa buluu wa khungu, milomo, kapena misomali (Cyanosis)

Ndi mayeso ati omwe madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito pozindikira matenda a kupuma?

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zoyezera thanzi la dongosolo lanu la kupuma. Kutengera ndi zizindikiro zanu, zina mwa izi zitha kukhala:

• Kuyeza kwa pulse oximetry: Iyi ndi njira yosavuta komanso yodziwika bwino yoyezera mpweya m'magazi mwanu pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chaching'ono chomwe chimayikidwa pa chala chanu.
• Mayeso a ntchito ya m'mapapo: Mayeso omwe amayesa ntchito ya mapapo.
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Kuyesa mpweya wa m'magazi a mitsempha
• Nthawi zina mayeso monga CT scan kapena bronchoscopy (mayeso omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kamera poyang'ana mkati mwa njira zopumira) angachitikenso.

Kodi mankhwala ofala a matenda opumira ndi ati?

Chithandizo chomwe mungalandire chidzadalira matenda omwe muli nawo opuma komanso momwe alili oopsa. Mankhwala ena angaphatikizepo:

• Mankhwala opumira a corticosteroids kapena bronchodilators: Ngati muli ndi vuto lomwe limalepheretsa njira zanu zopumira, monga mphumu kapena COPD, mungafunike kugwiritsa ntchito inhaler nthawi zonse.
• Mankhwala oletsa mavairasi, maantibayotiki, kapena oyambitsa matenda.
• Mankhwala oletsa kugwidwa ndi ziwengo (antihistamines )
• Zosintha za Leukotriene
• Kubwezeretsa mapapo
• Opaleshoni ya zotupa kapena zopinga zina.
• Pa milandu ina yovuta kwambiri , opaleshoni yopatsirana mapapo ingathe kuchitika.

Kodi ndingatani kuti ndisunge dongosolo langa la kupuma likugwira ntchito bwino?

Chitani zinthu izi kuti thupi lanu lopuma likhale lathanzi:

• Pewani kusuta fodya kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ndudu. Kusuta fodya kungayambitse kapena kukulitsa matenda ambiri a m'mapapo ndi m'mapapo. Madzi a ndudu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zinthu zoopsa zomwezo monga ndudu.
• Pewani zinthu zoipitsa mpweya zomwe zingawononge njira zanu zopumira. Izi zikuphatikizapo zinthu monga utsi wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu wina, mankhwala, ndi radon (mpweya wowopsa womwe ungayambitse khansa). Ngati ntchito yanu kapena zosangalatsa zanu zimakupangitsani kusuta kapena fumbi, valani chigoba.
• Imwani madzi ambiri. Kumwa madzi ambiri kumathandiza kuchepetsa mamina m'mapapo mwanu ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kutulutsa.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumalimbitsa minofu ya m'mapapo mwanu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupuma kwanu kukhale kosavuta.
• Pewani matenda. Mutha kupewa kudwala mwa kusamba m'manja pafupipafupi komanso kulandira katemera woteteza matenda opumira.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi chifuwa chosalekeza kapena chokulirapo, kupuma movutikira, kapena zizindikiro zina za matenda opuma, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Komanso, pitani kukayezetsa nthawi zonse. Kuzindikira msanga mavuto opuma kungathandize kupewa kuti asakule kwambiri.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zofunika kwambiri zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira?

Pumirani... Pumirani... Kupuma kwanu kungakutonthozeni ndikukusungani mukuyang'ana kwambiri. Kungakuthandizeni kununkhiza, kulawa, ndikuimba nyimbo yomwe mumakonda. Chofunika kwambiri, dongosolo lanu lopumira limalandira mpweya kuti upatse mphamvu maselo anu ndikutulutsa carbon dioxide. Ngati pali vuto ndi dongosolo lanu lopumira, mutha kutsokomola, kupuma movutikira, kapena kusowa mpweya. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse zodetsa nkhawazi, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Angakuthandizeni kupuma mosavuta.

` Machitidwe opumira, kupuma, mapapo, mpweya, carbon dioxide, matenda opumira, kupuma bwino