Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri za mayeso a Anion Gap, omwe amayesa kuchuluka kwa acid-base m'magazi anu.

Mwina mwamvapo za kuyezetsa magazi mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala. Kuyezetsa magazi kungakuuzeni zambiri za zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'thupi lathu. Komanso, muyeso wofunikira wa kuchuluka kwa ma acid ndi ma base m'magazi athu, kutanthauza kuchuluka kwa acid-base, umatchedwa Anion Gap . Palibe choopa mukamva izi, zimakupatsani chidziwitso cha matenda ena m'thupi lathu. Tiyeni tikambirane izi mosavuta, kenako zidzamveka bwino kwa inunso.

Kodi Anion Gap iyi ndi chiyani, Dokotala?

Mwachidule, Anion Gap ndi muyeso wa kusiyana pakati pa tinthu tamagetsi (electrolytes) m'magazi mwanu. Mungakumbukire kuphunzira za ma ayoni abwino (+) ndi ma ayoni oipa (-) kusukulu. Umu ndi momwe zilili. Magazi athu alinso ndi mitundu iyi ya ma electrolyte abwino ndi oipa.

Chifukwa chake, chomwe Anion Gap iyi imachita ndikuyesa kusiyana, kapena "mpata," pakati pa ma electrolyte akuluakulu omwe ali ndi mphamvu zabwino (monga potaziyamu ndi sodium) ndi ma electrolyte akuluakulu omwe ali ndi mphamvu zoyipa (monga chloride ndi bicarbonate) m'magazi. Ichi si chinthu chomwe chimayesedwa mwachindunji ndi makina. Anion Gap imawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zotsatira za mayeso ena amagazi omwe dokotala wanu walamula. Mayeso awa nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa m'maphukusi oyesera magazi omwe timapeza tikapita kwa dokotala chifukwa cha matenda. Mwachitsanzo:

• Gulu Lonse la Kagayidwe ka Metabolic (CMP)
• Gulu Loyambira la Kagayidwe ka Metabolic (BMP)
• Gulu la Electrolyte

Mayeso ngati awa amapereka deta yofunikira kuti adziwe kusiyana kwa anion.

N’chifukwa chiyani mayeso a anion gap awa amachitidwa? Kodi amawunika chiyani?

Mpata wa Anion uwu umayang'ana makamaka ngati pali kusalinganika kwa ma electrolyte m'magazi anu, kapena ngati magazi anu ali ndi asidi wambiri (`(Acidosis)`) kapena ngati ndi ochepa kwambiri (`(Alkalosis)`) .

Taganizirani izi motere: thupi lathu lili ngati makina okonzedwa bwino. Chilichonse chomwe chili mu makinawa chiyenera kukhala chofanana. Kulinganiza kwa acid-base m'magazi ndi chimodzimodzi. Ngati pali kusalinganika mu izi, zikutanthauza kuti china chake m'thupi sichikugwira ntchito bwino. Acidosis kapena alkalosis, zonse ziwiri zitha kukhala zoopsa. Chifukwa chake, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito zotsatira za anion gap izi kuti ayese kupeza chomwe chikuyambitsa kusalinganika kumeneku.

Kodi ndi liti pamene ndikufunika mayeso a Anion Gap?

Dokotala wanu angakupatseni mayeso a magazi omwe ali ndi kusiyana kwa anion, makamaka ngati mukuwonetsa zizindikiro zomwe zikusonyeza kuti muli ndi kusalinganika kwa asidi m'magazi anu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi acidosis (kuchuluka kwa acidity) kapena alkalosis (kuchuluka kwa alkalinity). Izi zitha kuphatikizapo:

• Kuvuta kupuma
• Kusanza ndi nseru
• Chisokonezo
• Kugunda kwa mtima
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri

Nthawi zina, mukachita kafukufuku wamagazi nthawi zonse pazifukwa zina, Anion Gap ikhoza kuphatikizidwa mu phukusi loyesera. Pazochitika zotere, simungakhale ndi zizindikiro zinazake, koma mtengo uwu udzatchulidwa mu lipotilo. Mwachitsanzo, mu mayeso otere, zotsatira za Anion Gap zitha kuwoneka ngati:

• Gulu Loyambira la Kagayidwe ka Metabolic (BMP)
• Gulu Lonse la Kagayidwe ka Metabolic (CMP)
• Gulu la Electrolyte
• Gulu Logwira Ntchito la Impso (RFP)

Kodi mayesowa amachitika bwanji? Kodi ndiyenera kuopa kutengedwa magazi?

Ndipotu, Anion Gap ndi mayeso olunjika kwambiri kuposa mayeso a labu, komwe asayansi amayesa zinthu monga sodium, chloride, ndi CO2 (carbon dioxide) m'magazi anu ndikugwiritsa ntchito ziwerengerozo kuti awerengere mtengo. Zotsatirazi zingathandize kudziwa ngati zizindikiro zanu zikuchokera ku kuchuluka kwa asidi kapena kuchepa kwa alkalinity (monga kuwonjezeka kwa alkalinity). Zingathandizenso kudziwa ngati muli ndi vuto linalake lachipatala.

Kodi pali chilichonse chapadera chomwe ndiyenera kuchita ndisanapereke magazi?

Dokotala wanu adzakuuzani ngati mukufuna kuchita chilichonse chapadera musanayese magazi. Mungapemphedwe kuti musale kudya kwa maola angapo musanayese magazi. Muyeneranso kuuza dokotala wanu ngati mukumwa mankhwala aliwonse, chifukwa mankhwala ena amatha kusokoneza zotsatira za mayeso.

Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani mukapereka magazi?

Kupereka magazi sikoopsa monga momwe mungaganizire. Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri:

• Mudzakhala pampando. Kenako dokotala wa phlebotomist adzasankha mtsempha wosavuta m'dzanja lanu kuti atenge magazi. Angaike lamba wa rabara kuzungulira mkono wapamwamba kuti mtsemphawo uwonekere. Nthawi zambiri, magazi amatengedwa kuchokera mkati mwa chigongono.
• Mtsempha ukapezeka, malowo amatsukidwa bwino ndikutsukidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
• Kenako, singano yaying'ono imalowetsedwa mumtsempha ndipo magazi amatengedwa. Pa nthawiyi, mungamve kuluma pang'ono, ngati kulumidwa ndi nyerere . Izi zimatenganso masekondi angapo.
• Pambuyo poika singano, magazi ochepa amasonkhanitsidwa mu chubu choyesera.
• Pambuyo potenga magazi okwanira kuti ayezedwe, singano imachotsedwa ndipo chidutswa cha thonje kapena gauze chimayikidwa pamalopo ndikukanikizidwa kuti magazi asiye kutuluka.
• Kenako pulasitiki pang'ono imayikidwa pamalopo. Ndipo zonse zatha, ntchito yatha!

Njira yonseyi nthawi zambiri imatenga mphindi zosakwana zisanu .

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani pambuyo pa mayeso? Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti lipoti lipezeke?

Magazi anu amatumizidwa ku labu kuti akayesedwe. Kumeneko, wasayansi wa ku labotale ya zamankhwala amakonza chitsanzocho ndipo amachita mayesowo pogwiritsa ntchito makina apadera (zoyezera magazi).

Zotsatira za mayeso zikangopezeka, dokotala wanu adzakuuzani zotsatira zake, kapena zitha kulembedwa m'kaundula wanu wa zamankhwala. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro, monga kupuma movutikira kapena kusanza, ndipo mwayesedwa kuti mupeze anion gap, mutha kupeza zotsatira mkati mwa maola ochepa . Komabe, ngati mayesowa achitika ngati gawo la phukusi loyesera magazi nthawi zonse (monga gulu loyambira la metabolic), zingatenge tsiku limodzi kapena awiri kuti zotsatira zake zibwererenso.

Kodi pali zoopsa zilizonse ndi mayeso a magazi awa?

Kuyezetsa magazi ndi njira yofala kwambiri komanso yofunika kwambiri mu zamankhwala. Palibe zoopsa zazikulu zomwe zingachitike popereka magazi. Mutha kumva mabala pang'ono kapena kutupa komwe magazi adatengedwa. Koma izi zitha mkati mwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri. Choncho musadandaule nazo.

Chabwino, kodi lipoti la Anion Gap ili likutiuza chiyani?

Lipoti la kuyezetsa magazi, kuphatikizapo zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi a Anion Gap, nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi izi:

• Dzina la mayeso a magazi, kapena zomwe zinayesedwa m'magazi anu.
• Chiwerengero kapena muyeso wa zotsatira za mayeso anu a magazi.
• Mulingo woyenera wa kuyeza labu pa mayeso amenewo.
• Kodi zotsatira zanu ndi zabwinobwino, zachilendo, zapamwamba kapena zochepa?

Kodi kusiyana kwa anion wamba n'chiyani?

Ndipotu, palibe mtengo umodzi wa Anion Gap womwe umati "uyu ndi mtengo wamba kwa aliyense." Mukapeza zotsatira za mayeso anu a magazi, lipotilo lidzanenanso kuchuluka kwa Anion Gap wamba pa labu imeneyo.

Komanso, mtundu wa Anion Gap "wamba" uwu ukhoza kusiyana malinga ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe akumwa mankhwala a Lithium Carbonate chifukwa cha matenda a bipolar akhoza kukhala ndi Anion Gap yotsika pang'ono chifukwa cha mankhwalawa.

Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani ngati kusiyana kwa anion kukuwonjezeka? Kodi ndi koopsa?

Ngati zotsatira za mayeso anu a magazi zikusonyeza kuti muli ndi Anion Gap yambiri , mwina muli ndi acidosis . Izi zikutanthauza kuti magazi anu ali ndi acidity yambiri kuposa yachibadwa (pH ya magazi anu ndi yotsika kuposa yachibadwa).

Acidosis ikhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo:

• Kusowa madzi m'thupi: Kusapeza madzi okwanira thupi.
• Kutsegula m'mimba : Kutsegula m'mimba kumayambitsa madzi ambiri ndi ma electrolyte kutayika m'thupi.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso : Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso kungayambitse zinthu monga lactic acid kudziunjikira m'thupi.

Kuwonjezera pa izi, acidosis ikhozanso kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda ena akuluakulu :

• Matenda a Impso : Impso zathanzi zimatulutsa asidi wochulukirapo m'thupi kudzera mu mkodzo. Komabe, mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso, impso sizingathe kuchita bwino ntchito imeneyi. Asidi amaunjikana m'thupi, zomwe zimayambitsa vuto lotchedwa metabolic acidosis.
• Matenda a Shuga : Acidosis ingachitike, makamaka ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba omwe simunawazindikire. Pamene kapamba sapanga insulin yokwanira, maselo sangathe kulandira shuga (shuga), ndipo magazi amatha kukhala acidic.
• Matenda a shuga otchedwa Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) : Ichi ndi vuto lalikulu, lomwe limayambitsa imfa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa insulin m'thupi la matenda ashuga omwe sanadziwike.
• Kupha Poizoni wa Salicylate (`(Salicylate Poisoning / Salicylate Toxicity)`) : Salicylate ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka m'mankhwala ambiri ogulitsidwa kunja kwa chipatala komanso operekedwa ndi dokotala. Aspirin ndi mankhwala odziwika bwino omwe ali ndi salicylate iyi. Kumwa mopitirira muyeso kapena kumwa mopitirira muyeso kungayambitse poizoni wa salicylate, zomwe zimaikanso moyo pachiswe.

Chofunika: Kuchuluka kwa anion sikutanthauza matenda oopsa nthawi zonse. Komabe, dokotala adzafufuza chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa.

Nanga bwanji ngati kusiyana kwa anion kutsika? Zimenezo sizimachitika kawirikawiri, eti?

Inde, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuti Anion Gap iwonetse mtengo wotsika . Chifukwa chake, dokotala wanu angabwerezenso mayesowo kuti atsimikizire kuti zotsatira zake ndi zolondola.

Ngati zotsatira za mayeso anu a magazi zikusonyeza kuti pali kusiyana kochepa kwa anion, zingatanthauze kuti muli ndi puloteni yotsika kuposa yachibadwa yotchedwa albumin m'magazi anu (hypoalbuminemia). Albumin ndi puloteni yofunika kwambiri m'magazi athu. Kuchepa kwa albumin kungayambitsidwe ndi matenda monga:

• Mavuto a impso
• Matenda a mtima
• Matenda a chiwindi
• Mitundu ina ya khansa

Apanso, zotsatira zochepa za anion gap sizichitika kawirikawiri. Onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala wanu ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za zotsatira za mayeso anu.

Ndiye, kodi tiyenera kuda nkhawa pamene kusiyana kwa anion uku kukuwonjezeka kapena kutsika?

Kaya zotsatira za mayeso anu a magazi zikusonyeza kuti pali Anion Gap yokwera kapena yotsika, sizitanthauza kuti muli ndi matenda oopsa . Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa ma electrolyte m'magazi anu, zomwe zingakhudzenso muyeso wa Anion Gap. N'zotheka kuti china chake chinalakwika potenga magazi, kupita nawo ku labu, kapena kuchita mayeso.

Dokotala wanu akamafufuza zotsatira za mayeso anu a magazi, adzaganizira zinthu zambiri, monga mbiri yanu yonse yachipatala ndi mankhwala omwe mukumwa . Ngati zotsatira zanu za Anion Gap sizili bwino, angafune mayeso ena kuti adziwe matenda. Palibe amene amakonda kuyezetsa magazi, makamaka ngati akuyenera kuchitidwa kangapo motsatizana. Komabe, ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yowonetsetsa kuti milingo ya electrolyte yanu ili bwino.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza zotsatira zake, musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu. Iwo alipo kuti akuthandizeni.

Pomaliza, zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, takambirana zambiri za mayeso a Anion Gap. Nazi zina mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kukumbukira:

• Kuchuluka kwa Anion ndi kuwerengera kofunikira: kumapereka chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza kuchuluka kwa acid-base m'magazi anu.
• Mtengo wapamwamba kapena wotsika nthawi zonse siwowopsa: Musachite mantha ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa mtengo pa lipoti lanu. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zina zomwe zingachititse izi.
• Dokotala wanu ndiye woweruza wabwino kwambiri: Dokotala wanu yekha ndiye angaganizire za thanzi lanu lonse, kuchita mayeso ena ngati pakufunika kutero, ndikufotokozera zotsatira zake.
• Funsani mafunso: Ngati pali chinthu chomwe simukumvetsa, musachisunge nokha, koma funsani dokotala wanu.

Kumbukirani: Simungathe kuzindikira matenda pongoyang'ana nambala yomwe ili pa lipoti. Chifukwa chake, khulupirirani dokotala wanu ndipo tsatirani malangizo ake. Mukatero mutha kukhala ndi thanzi labwino!

Mpata wa Anion, Mayeso a Magazi, Acidosis, Alkalosis, Electrolytes, Acidity ya Magazi