Kodi pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro zanu? Tiyeni tiphunzire momwe madokotala angazipezere (Differential Diagnosis)!

Mukapita kwa dokotala muli ndi chimfine, malungo, kapena matenda ena, nthawi zina dokotala samanena nthawi yomweyo kuti, "Izi ndi zomwe muli nazo," sichoncho? Mwina mwamvapo anthu akunena zinthu monga, "Kutengera zizindikiro izi, zitha kukhala matenda awa, kapena matenda aja. Tiyeni tiwone zambiri, mwina tifunika kuyesa." Umu ndi momwe tikambirane za njira yofunika kwambiri yomwe madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito kuti adziwe matenda omwe muli nawo, pakati pa matenda angapo omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana. Izi ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "Differential Diagnosis" mu zamankhwala. Mwachidule, zili ngati "differential diagnosis."

Kodi "Kuzindikira Kusiyana" n'chiyani?

Tangoganizani kuti muli ndi zizindikiro zina. Mwachitsanzo, mutu wanu ukupweteka kwambiri ndipo mukumva kufooka. Tsopano, pakhoza kukhala matenda angapo omwe ali ndi zizindikirozi. Ikhoza kukhala chimfine wamba, kapena ikhoza kukhala chinthu china choopsa kwambiri.

Choncho, zomwe dokotala amachita ndi kulemba mndandanda wa matenda omwe angakhalepo kutengera zizindikiro zanu. Mndandanda umenewo umatchedwa "Differential Diagnosis." Izi zili ngati apolisi ofufuza milandu akulemba mndandanda wa anthu omwe akukayikira. Iyi si "Final Diagnosis" yanu, koma sitepe yofunika kwambiri kuti mufike pamenepo. Kuchokera pamndandanda uwu ndi pamene mumayesa mayeso, kufunsa mafunso ena, ndikuchotsa ena osafunikira kuti mudziwe vuto lenileni.

Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji matenda ngati amenewa? (Njira yodziwira matenda)

Dokotala amatsatira njira zingapo kuti adziwe matenda molondola. Izi zili ngati njira yasayansi.

1. Choyamba, tikukufunsani mosamala za zizindikiro zanu.

Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala, amayamba kukufunsani mafunso poyamba.

• "Kodi zizindikiro zako ndi ziti?"
• "Kodi zizindikirozi zakhala zikuchitika kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?"
• "Kodi ululu uwu ndi wotani, kusasangalala kumeneku kuli bwanji? Kodi ndi koopsa? Kodi ndi kofatsa?"
• "Kodi pali china chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka chachilendo?"

Dokotala akuyesera kupeza lingaliro losavuta la vuto lanu kudzera m'mafunso ngati awa.

2. Tidzafufuza matenda anu akale ndi zizolowezi zanu zaumoyo ('Mbiri ya Zachipatala')

Kenako, dokotala adzakufunsani za mbiri yanu yonse ya matenda .

• "Kodi munakhalapo ndi zizindikiro ngati izi kale?"
• "Kodi mwaonapo zinthu zilizonse (chakudya, ntchito, malo ozungulira) zomwe zimawonjezera kapena kuchepetsa makhalidwe amenewa?"
• "Kodi pakhala kusintha kwakukulu kapena mavuto m'moyo wanu masiku ano?"
• "Ndi mankhwala, mavitamini, ndi zowonjezera ziti zomwe mukumwa pakadali pano?"

Chidziwitsochi n'chofunika kwambiri, chifukwa zizindikiro zina zimatha kuchitika chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe mukumwa kapena chifukwa cha matenda omwe alipo kale.

3. Kuyezetsa Thupi

Kenako dokotala adzakuyesani. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapoIzi zikuphatikizapo kuyang'ana kuthamanga kwa magazi anu, kuyang'ana kugunda kwa mtima wanu, komanso kumvetsera mapapu anu pogwiritsa ntchito stethoscope. Nthawi zina, amathanso kukhudza mimba yanu ndikuyang'ana pakhosi panu. Izi zingathandize dokotala wanu kudziwa ngati pali vuto lililonse m'thupi lanu.

4. Pamenepo ndi pomwe mndandanda wa ``Differential Diagnosis'' umapangidwa.

Kutengera ndi zomwe mwapereka komanso zomwe mwapeza pofufuza thupi, dokotala wanu adzazindikira matenda angapo omwe angafanane ndi zizindikiro zanu. Mndandanda wa matenda omwe angakhalepo umatchedwa "Differential Diagnosis."

5. Kenako, ngati pakufunika, mayeso ena amachitidwa.

Tsopano, kuti atsimikizire matenda omwe muli nawo pamndandanda womwewo, dokotala wanu angafune kuti muyesedwenso. Mayesowa amasiyana malinga ndi zizindikiro zanu.

Mwachitsanzo:

• Mayeso a mu labotale: Zinthu monga mayeso a magazi ndi mayeso a mkodzo.
• Mayeso ojambulira: Monga X-ray kapena ultrasound scan.
• Nthawi zina "biopsy" , zomwe zikutanthauza kutenga chidutswa chaching'ono cha minofu ndikuchiyang'ana, zitha kuchitika.

6. Zotsatira za mayeso ndi zizindikiro zake zikuyerekezeredwanso.

Pambuyo poti zotsatira za mayeso zaperekedwa, dokotala adzafufuza mosamala zotsatira zake, zizindikiro zanu, ndi mbiri yanu yachipatala.

7. Kuzindikira komaliza ndi komwe kumakuuzani matenda enieni.

Pambuyo pochita zonsezi ndikuganizira mosamala mfundo zonse, dokotala adzakuuzani za matenda anu enieni (`Final Diagnosis`) . Ndipo pokhapokha chithandizo chofunikira chikayamba.

Kodi ``Differential Diagnosis'' imachitidwa liti?

Mwachidule, njira iyi ya "Kuzindikira Kusiyana" ndi yofunika pamene zizindikiro zanu zili zofala ku matenda angapo . Mwachitsanzo, mukakhala ndi kupweteka pachifuwa, kungakhale chifukwa cha "Mtima Wodwala" (Heart Attack), kungakhale chifukwa cha gastritis, kapena kungakhale chifukwa cha "Minofu Yovuta". Kenako dokotala amaganizira zonsezi. Mayeso ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athetse kukayikira kumeneku ndikupeza chomwe chimayambitsa.

Kodi muyenera kuyembekezera chiyani panthawiyi?

Musanapeze matenda

Mukapita kwa dokotala, ndikofunikira kwambiri kubweretsa mndandanda wa mankhwala onse, mavitamini, ndi zowonjezera zomwe mumamwa. Chifukwa mankhwala ena angayambitse zizindikiro zina. Dokotala adzakufunsani za thanzi lanu komanso matenda anu akale. Ndikofunikira kuwayankha moona mtima.

Panthawi yozindikira matenda

Dokotala wanu akakupatsani mndandanda wa "matenda osiyanasiyana" omwe amati, "Izi zitha kukhala matenda awa," mungamve mantha pang'ono. Mungaganize kuti, "O, kodi ndili ndi matenda onsewa?" Koma musachite mantha kwambiri.Sizikutanthauza kuti muli ndi matenda onsewa. Zili ngati mndandanda wa anthu omwe akukayikira. Mayeso otsatira omwe dokotala amachita ndi kuchotsa omwe sali oyenera pamndandandawo ndikupeza imodzi yeniyeni. Ndi "njira yochotsera," kutanthauza, njira yochotsera.

Pambuyo pozindikira matenda

Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti "Kuzindikira Kosiyanasiyana" si matenda okwana. Ndi sitepe imodzi yokha yomwe dokotala amagwiritsa ntchito asanapeze yankho lomaliza. Mu matenda ena ovuta, zingatenge nthawi kuti apeze chifukwa chenicheni ndipo sizingatheke kunena nthawi yomweyo. Dokotala angafune mayeso ena. "Kuzindikira Komaliza" kukachitika, dokotalayo adzakulangizani chithandizo choyenera.

Kodi pali zoopsa zilizonse pa ``Kuzindikira Kusiyana''?

Ndipotu, njira iyi yotchedwa ``Differential Diagnosis`` imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa mwayi woti munthu azindikire matenda molakwika. Cholinga cha dokotala ndikuchiza matenda enieniwo, osati kukuika pachiwopsezo. Mwa kupanga mndandanda wa matenda omwe angakhalepo mwanjira imeneyi ndikuchita mayeso, n'zotheka kupeza ndikuchiza chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa, m'malo mongochiza zizindikiro zokha.

Komabe, ngati sitepe iliyonse mu njira yodziwira matenda yaphonya, kapena ngati mfundo sizinafufuzidwe bwino, pali mwayi wochepa wopeza mfundo yolakwika. Komabe, ngati mayeso onse ofunikira achitika ndipo njira imeneyi itsatiridwa bwino, mwayi woti munthu achite cholakwika ndi wochepa kwambiri.

Kodi ndi liti pamene ndidzadziwa zotsatira za ``Differential Diagnosis''?

N'zovuta kunena nthawi yeniyeni yomwe zingatenge kuti mudziwe. Zimatengera zinthu zambiri, monga mtundu wa zizindikiro zanu ndi zovuta za matendawa. Nthawi zina zimatha kudziwika patatha tsiku limodzi kapena awiri. Nthawi zina zimatha kutenga sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri. Chofunika kwambiri ndikulankhulana ndi dokotala wanu panthawiyi. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuuza dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ngati pali kusintha kulikonse mu zizindikiro zanu (kuwonjezeka, kuchepa, zizindikiro zatsopano) kapena ngati pali kusintha kulikonse m'mbiri yanu yachipatala (monga kuyamba mankhwala atsopano, kukhala kuchipatala).

Ndiyenera kupitanso kwa dokotala nthawi yanji?

Ngati mwaonana ndi dokotala ndipo zinthu zotsatirazi zikachitika panthawi yoyezetsa matenda, ndi bwino kukaonananso ndi dokotalayo:

• Ngati zizindikiro zanu zikuipiraipira, kapena zikatha mwadzidzidzi.
• Ngati zizindikiro zatsopano zikuwonekera.
• Ngati mwagonekedwa m'chipatala pazifukwa zina zilizonse.
• Ngati pali kusintha kwa mankhwala omwe mukumwa panopa.

Tiyeni tiwone zitsanzo zina za ``Kuzindikira Kusiyana''.

Pali matenda ambiri omwe angakhale ndi zizindikiro zofanana. Dokotala wanu adzazindikira ndi kuchiza matenda anu kutengera zizindikiro zanu. Tiyeni tiwone zitsanzo zingapo.

1. Ululu wa m'mimba

Zizindikiro:Kumva kupweteka m'mimba, kupweteka kopotoka, kapena kupweteka kwambiri ngati mpeni ukukubaya, izi zitha kuchitika pafupipafupi.

Matenda omwe angakhalepo (Kuzindikira Kusiyana):

• Matenda a Appendicitis
• Matenda a m'mimba
• Matenda Otupa a M'mimba
• Kutsekeka kwa Matumbo kapena Matumbo
• Pancreatitis

2. Chifuwa ('Chifuwa`)

Zizindikiro: Kumva ngati pali chotupa pakhosi, kapena chifuwa chouma, kapena kupweteka pakhosi.

Matenda omwe angakhalepo (Kuzindikira Kusiyana):

• Mphumu
• Matenda a m'mphuno
• Chibayo
• Kubwerera m'mbuyo kwa asidi (kapena kubwerera m'mbuyo kwa asidi)
• Matenda a Nyengo

3. Kutopa

Zizindikiro: Kumva kutopa nthawi zonse, kumva kutopa, kumva kutopa ngakhale mutagona, kumva kufooka.

Matenda omwe angakhalepo (Kuzindikira Kusiyana):

• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
• Kuvutika maganizo
• Kusowa tulo
• Matenda a Chithokomiro

4. Mutu

Zizindikiro: Mutu, nthawi zina wofatsa, nthawi zina woopsa, monga mutu wosweka, kumva phokoso lakunja. Ukhoza kukhala kwa maola kapena masiku.

Matenda omwe angakhalepo (Kuzindikira Kusiyana): (Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zambiri apa, mwachitsanzo)

• Kupsinjika Mutu
• Mutu waching'alang'ala
• Matenda a Sinus
• Mutu wopweteka chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa magazi (kuthamanga kwa magazi)

Chofunika: Zitsanzo izi ndi kungokupatsani lingaliro la momwe zinthu zidzachitikire. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala kuti akupatseni upangiri.

Uthenga Womaliza Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Kotero, "Kuzindikira Kusiyanasiyana" ndi njira yofunika kwambiri komanso yokhazikika yomwe madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito kuti apeze chomwe chimayambitsa matenda.

• "Kuzindikira Kusiyanasiyana" si matenda anu omaliza. Ndi mndandanda wa matenda omwe angakhalepo.
• Musachite mantha mukaona mndandanda uwu. Dokotala akuchita izi kuti akuthandizeni.
• Zingatenge nthawi kuti mudziwe matenda enieni, choncho lezani mtima.
• Chitani mayeso omwe dokotala wanu walamula ndipo tsatirani malangizo.
• Ngati zizindikiro zanu zasintha, uzani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.

Mwa kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi dokotala wanu mwanjira imeneyi, mudzatha kudziwa chomwe chayambitsa vuto lanu, kulandira chithandizo choyenera mwachangu, ndikuchira.

'Kuzindikira, Kuzindikira Kosiyanasiyana, Zizindikiro, Mayeso Azachipatala, Thanzi, Matenda, Upangiri Wachipatala