Kodi mukufunanso kudziwa za Mayeso a ANCA? Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane!

Kodi munamvapo za `(mayeso a ANCA)`? Mwina dokotala wanu anakuuzani kuti muchite mayesowa, kapena mwina mwangowona dzinalo kwinakwake ndipo munayamba kuda nkhawa. Ndiye, kodi `(mayeso a ANCA)` awa ndi chiyani? Kodi kwenikweni akuyang'ana chiyani? Munkhaniyi, tidzapeza mayankho a mafunso ngati amenewa omwe mungakhale nawo m'maganizo.

Kodi mayeso a ANCA ndi chiyani? Tiyeni timvetse mosavuta!

Mwachidule, mayeso a ANCA ndi mayeso a magazi omwe amatenga chitsanzo cha magazi anu ndikuyang'ana zinthu zinazake zotchedwa Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies, kapena ANCA mwachidule.

Tsopano mwina mukudabwa, kodi ma `(ANCA)` awa ndi chiyani? `(ANCA)` ndi mtundu wa `(autoantibodies)` . `(Autoantibodies)` ndi mtundu wa mapuloteni opangidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi la thupi lathu (ndiko kuti, dongosolo lomwe limatiteteza ku matenda). Komabe, vuto ndi ma `(autoantibodies)` awa ndilakuti amaukira molakwika maselo ndi minofu yathanzi m'thupi lathu. Zili ngati gulu lathu lankhondo likuukira dziko lathu.

Ma `(ANCA)` amenewa amayang'ana makamaka mapuloteni omwe amapezeka m'maselo oyera amagazi otchedwa `(neutrophils) . `(Neutrophils)` ali ngati asilikali ang'onoang'ono m'thupi lathu. Ndiwo omwe amalimbana ndi majeremusi ndi kutithandiza kudziteteza ku matenda. Chifukwa chake, `(mayeso a ANCA)` awa angapeze ngati muli ndi `(autoantibodies)` awa m'magazi anu, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, angati.

Kodi mayeso a ANCA amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira matenda amtundu wanji?

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mayeso a ANCA makamaka kuti athandize kuzindikira matenda enaake a autoimmune, omwe ali m'gulu la matenda otchedwa vasculitis .

Kodi `(vasculitis)` iyi ndi chiyani?

Tangoganizirani, m'thupi lathu lonse, pali zinthu zazing'ono ngati chubu zomwe zimanyamula magazi? Ndicho chimene timatcha mitsempha yamagazi. Mu mkhalidwe uwu wotchedwa ``vasculitis,'' chomwe chimachitika ndi chakuti chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimaukira mitsempha yamagazi iyi ndikuipangitsa kutupa, kutanthauza, kutupa . Zili ngati bala lamkati.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya vasculitis yogwirizana ndi ANCA:

• `(Granulomatosis yokhala ndi polyangiitis)` (yomwe kale inkadziwika kuti `(Wegener granulomatosis)`).
• `(Microscopic polyangiitis)` .
• Eosinophilic granulomatosis yokhala ndi polyangiitis (yomwe kale inkadziwika kuti Churg-Strauss syndrome).

Mitsempha yamagazi ndi yomwe imanyamula magazi kuchokera mumtima mwathu kupita ku ziwalo zina zonse ndi minofu. Chifukwa chake, mitsempha yamagazi iyi ikatupa, magazi sayenda bwino. Izi zitha kuwononga ziwalo zathu zofunika, ndipo nthawi zina zimayambitsa matenda oopsa monga kuphulika kwa mitsempha yamagazi (aneurysm) . Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuzindikira matendawa mwachangu.

Kodi pali mitundu ikuluikulu ya (ANCA)?

Inde, pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ANCA. Kuyesa kwa ANCA kumeneku kungakuthandizeni kudziwa ngati muli ndi imodzi kapena zonse ziwiri.

• `cANCA` : Izi zimayang'ana puloteni yotchedwa `(proteinase 3)` kapena `(PR3)` .
• `pANCA` : Izi zimayang'ana puloteni yotchedwa `(myeloperoxidase)` kapena `(MPO)` .

Mitundu yonse iwiri ya `(mapuloteni)` imapezeka mkati mwa maselo oyera amagazi otchedwa `(neutrophils)` omwe atchulidwa kale. Kudziwa mtundu wa `(ANCA)` womwe ulipo kumathandiza dokotala kuzindikira matendawa ndikukonzekera chithandizo.

Ndani amachita mayeso a ANCA? Kodi amayesedwa bwanji mu labu?

Kawirikawiri, namwino, dokotala, kapena katswiri wa labotale amatenga magazi anu, omwe amatumizidwa ku labotale kuti akayesedwe.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani mu labotale (`lab`)?

Amatenga chitsanzo cha magazi anu ndikusakaniza ndi ma neutrophils pa slide. Tsopano, ngati pali ma ANCA m'magazi anu, amamatira ku ma neutrophils. Kenako utoto wapadera (dread) umawonjezeredwa ku slide. Kenako, mukayang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu, mutha kuwona bwino mawonekedwe a ma ANCA omwe alumikizidwa ku slide.

Labu imazindikira maselo awa ngati cANCA (cytoplasmic pattern) kapena pANCA (perinuclear pattern) kutengera mawonekedwe enieni a fluorescence omwe amapezeka m'maselo awa.

Laboratory ingagwiritse ntchito mtundu umodzi kapena iwiri ya mayeso a ANCA:

• `(Indirect immunofluorescence) (IIF)` : Mayeso awa amangokuuzani ngati muli ndi `(autoantibodies)` kapena ayi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, zotsatira zake ndi `(zabwino)` kapena `(zoipa)`.
• Kuyesa kwa immunosorbent komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi enzyme (ELISA) : Njira yoyeserayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira ndendende zomwe puloteni yomwe mukufuna (monga PR3 kapena MPO) ili mkati mwa ma neutrophils.

Kodi pali kukonzekera kwapadera komwe kumafunika musanayese mayeso a ANCA?

Nthawi zambiri , sipafunika kukonzekera kwapadera kuti muyesedwe ndi ANCA. Komabe, nthawi zina zinthu zingapo zingayesedwe ndi magazi omwewo. Pazochitika zotere, mayeso ena angafunike kuti musala kudya kwa maola 8 mpaka 12, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti simuyenera kudya kapena kumwa chilichonse kupatula madzi. Komabe, dokotala wanu adzakupatsani malangizo enieni pankhaniyi. Choncho musadandaule nazo.

Kodi muyenera kuyembekezera chiyani mukamachita mayeso a ANCA?

Zimatenga mphindi zochepa kuti magazi anu atengedwe. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika ku ofesi, kuchipatala, kapena ku labotale. Umu ndi momwe magazi amatengedwera:

• Choyamba, tourniquet kapena bandeji imakulungidwa bwino mozungulira mkono wanu wapamwamba (pamwamba pa mimba yanu).
• Kenako, khungu lomwe magazi adzatengedwera limatsukidwa ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
• Kenako, singano imalowetsedwa mu mtsempha pafupi ndi chigongono. Pa nthawiyi , mungamve kupweteka kapena kunjenjemera pang'ono . Izi ndi zachilendo.
• Chubu chaching'ono chimalumikizidwa ku singano ndipo magazi ofunikira amatengedwa.
• Kenako, amachotsa tepi ndi singano, ndipo amasunga malo omwe singanoyo inalowetsedwamo ndi thonje kuti aletse kutuluka magazi.
• Pomaliza, bandeji yaying'ono (plaster) imayikidwa pamalopo.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani pambuyo pa mayeso a ANCA?

Dokotala wanu mwina angakuuzeni kuti muvale bandeji kwa maola angapo. Angakuuzeninso kuti musamachite masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa maola angapo mutapereka magazi. Kupatula apo, palibe chapadera.

Kodi pali zoopsa zilizonse ndi izi (mayeso a ANCA)?

Kuyezetsa magazi n'kotetezeka kwambiri ndipo zoopsa zake n'zochepa kwambiri .

Mungamve kachilonda kakang'ono komwe munalowetsa singano. Nthawi zambiri izi zimatha zokha pakatha masiku angapo. Nthawi zambiri, mitsempha imatha kutupa pang'ono. Ngati izi zitachitika, ma compress ofunda angathandize. Izi sizodetsa nkhawa.

Kodi zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti mupeze zotsatira za mayeso a ANCA?

Kuyesa kwa ANCA ndi mayeso apadera, kotero kumachitika mu labotale yapadera. Chifukwa chake, zingatenge masiku angapo mpaka sabata kuti zotsatira zake zibwerere. Dokotala wanu adzakudziwitsani.

Kodi zotsatira za mayeso a ANCA zikutanthauza chiyani? Kodi ndikumvetsa bwanji?

Ili ndiye gawo lofunika kwambiri. Dokotala wanu ndiye amene adzakuwuzani za zotsatira za mayeso a ANCA ndi momwe zimakhudzira thanzi lanu.

• Ngati zotsatira zake ndi ``negative``: Izi zikutanthauza kuti mulibe vuto la ``autoimmune vasculitis`` lomwe takambirana kale.
• Ngati zotsatira zake zili ``zabwino``: Zingatanthauze kuti muli ndi ``autoimmune vasculitis``.

Komabe, pali chinthu chofunikira kumvetsetsa apa. Kuyezetsa kwa ANCA komwe kuli ndi kachilomboka sikutanthauza kuti muli ndi matendawa. Dokotala wanu angakupatseni mayeso ena , monga biopsy (chitsanzo cha minofu yotengedwa kuti akayesedwe), kapena mayeso ena a magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, matenda amapangidwa kutengera zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo zizindikiro zanu ndi zotsatira za mayeso ena.

Chofunika: Zotsatira za mayeso a ANCA ndi gawo limodzi lokha la njira yodziwira matenda. Sizitsimikizira kukhalapo kwa matenda okha. Dokotala wanu adzaganizira izi pamodzi ndi zinthu zina zambiri, monga zizindikiro zanu, zotsatira za mayeso ena, ndi mbiri yanu yachipatala.

Kotero, ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri chiti chomwe tiyenera kukumbukira kuchokera apa?

Mayeso a ``Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies'', kapena ``ANCA'', ndi mayeso ofunikira a magazi omwe amathandiza madokotala kuzindikira mitundu ina ya ``autoimmune vasculitis'', matenda omwe chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimaukira mitsempha yathu yamagazi.

Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani chifukwa chake muyenera kuchita mayesowa komanso zomwe zotsatira zake zidzatanthauza kwa inu. Choncho, musachite mantha kapena kukayikira. Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena simukumvetsa kalikonse, funsani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo. Ndi bwino kudziwitsidwa mukamapanga zisankho zokhudza thanzi lanu.

( Mayeso a ANCA), mayeso a ANCA, mayeso a magazi, vasculitis, matenda odziteteza ku matenda a autoimmune, ma antibodies, ma neutrophils, kutupa kwa mitsempha yamagazi