Kodi kufalikira kwa khansa n’chiyani kwenikweni? Onani izi kuti mumvetse zomwe madokotala akunena!

Ambiri a ife timachita mantha tikamva mawu akuti khansa, sichoncho? Ndi zachilendo kwambiri. Komanso, madokotala akamalankhula za gawo la khansa ndikugwiritsa ntchito zilembo ndi manambala ngati amenewo, zimakupangitsani kudzifunsa kuti, 'Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani?' Mwina mwamva chimodzimodzi. Koma musadandaule. Lero, m'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za momwe khansa imakhalira , momwe madokotala amadziwira, komanso momwe imakhudzira chithandizo chanu.

N’chifukwa chiyani madokotala amafufuza kwambiri za kuthekera kwa khansa?

Tangoganizirani, mukakhala ndi malungo, dokotala amayamba wafufuza chifukwa chake muli ndi malungo komanso momwe alili oopsa. Nthawi zina, kungopereka paracetamol sikungathandize. Ndi chimodzimodzi ndi khansa. Khansa ndi matenda ovuta kwambiri. Momwe imakulira ndi kufalikira kwake ndi kosiyana kwa munthu aliyense. Chifukwa chake, gulu la madokotala limasonkhana kuti lisankhe chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kwa inu. Akadziwa gawo lenileni la khansa, onse amatha kudziwa bwino matenda anu. Zili ngati aliyense amalankhula chilankhulo chimodzi.

Chinanso n'chakuti mankhwala a khansa akusintha tsiku ndi tsiku. Komabe, njira yokonzekera matenda ikasankhidwa, sisintha kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale mankhwala atsopano atatuluka, gawo loyamba la khansa yanu ndiye maziko a chithandizo chanu mtsogolo.

Kawirikawiri, chinthu choyamba chimene munthu amene ali ndi khansa amafuna kudziwa ndi chakuti, 'Ndi chiyani chomwe chikubwera? Kodi izi zidzachiritsidwa?' Zimenezo zimatchedwa kuti prognosis . Madokotala akadziwa gawo lenileni la khansa, amatha kuyerekeza ndi zomwe odwala omwe adakumana nazo kale ndi khansa yofanana ndi imeneyi ndikukupatsani malingaliro.

Komanso, mwayi uwu ndi wofunikira kwambiri pa mayeso azachipatala ndi kafukufuku kuti apeze mankhwala atsopano a khansa ndi machiritso. Maphunziro ena amangogwiritsa ntchito anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yamtundu womwewo nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa chake ngati mukufuna kutenga nawo mbali mu kafukufuku wotere, gawo lanu la khansa lidzatsimikiza ngati mungasankhidwe kapena ayi.

Kodi gawo la khansa iyi limatsimikizika bwanji?

Madokotala amaganizira zinthu zingapo zofunika pozindikira siteji ya khansa:

• Kukula kwa chotupacho ndi momwe chikukulira.
• Malo a chotupa.
• Kaya khansa yafalikira kupitirira komwe idayambira.

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zopezera zinthuzi. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.

Milandu ya khansa: malinga ndi kukula kwa chotupa ndi kukula kwake

Pa mitundu yambiri ya khansa, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira yowerengera kuti awadziwitse za matendawo. Mwachidule, ndi motere:

• Khansa ya Gawo 0: Apa ndi pamene pali maselo osazolowereka, koma sanafalikire kupitirira pomwe adayambira. Nthawi zina awa amatchedwa maselo asanafike khansa . Nthawi zambiri, khansa ya gawo 0 imatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu.Tangoganizani chomera chaching'ono chomwe chili mumphika waung'ono, chopanda mizu.
• Gawo Loyamba (1) (Khansa ya Gawo Loyamba): Pano, khansa ndi yaying'ono ndipo ili pamalo amodzi. Siinafalikire ku ma lymph nodes apafupi kapena ziwalo zina za thupi.
• Gawo Lachiwiri (2) (Khansa ya Gawo Lachiwiri): Chotupacho chakula pang'ono ndipo mwina chafalikira ku ma lymph nodes apafupi.
• Gawo Lachitatu (3) (Khansa ya Gawo Lachitatu): Chotupacho chakula kwambiri ndipo chalowa m'minofu yozungulira. Chimafalikiranso kwambiri ku ma lymph nodes apafupi.
• Gawo Lachinayi (4) (Khansa ya Gawo Lachinayi): Iyi ndi gawo loopsa kwambiri. Khansa yafalikira kupitirira malo oyamba ndipo yafalikira kumadera akutali a thupi. Izi zimatchedwanso khansa yofalikira . Ili ngati chomera chomwe chikukula, ndipo mbewu zake zimawombedwa ndi mphepo ndipo zomera zatsopano zikumera m'munda wonse.

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito gulu lotchedwa gawo V (5) . Chitsanzo chimodzi ndi chotupa cha Wilms . Uwu ndi mtundu wa khansa ya impso yomwe imapezeka mwa ana aang'ono. Gawo 5 Chotupa cha Wilms chimatanthauza kuti impso zonse ziwiri zimakhudzidwa.

Kodi A, B, C, ndi D amatanthauza chiyani pa milandu ya khansa?

Nthawi zina mwina mudawonapo madokotala akulemba makalata monga A, B, C, D pamodzi ndi nambala. Mwachitsanzo, dokotala wanu wa khansa anganene kuti muli ndi khansa ya gawo la IIA (2A), kapena khansa ya gawo la IIIB (3B). Makalata awa amawonjezera zambiri zokhudza matenda anu.

Mwachidule, chilembo A chimatanthauza khansa yomwe imafalikira pang'onopang'ono (Yosakwiya kwambiri) . Chilembo D chimatanthauza khansa yomwe imafalikira mofulumira pang'ono (Yosakwiya kwambiri) mkati mwa nambala imeneyo . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, khansa ya IIA imafalikira pang'onopang'ono kuposa khansa ya IIB. Koma khansa ya IIIA imafalikira mofulumira kuposa khansa ya IIB. Zikumveka zosokoneza pang'ono? Mutha kufotokoza izi mukalankhula ndi dokotala wanu.

Milandu ya khansa: kutengera komwe ili

Madokotala amalankhulanso za mwayi woti khansa ichitike malinga ndi komwe ili:

• Mu malo: Izi zili ngati khansa ya siteji 0 yomwe tidakambirana kale. Pali maselo osazolowereka kapena a khansa, koma sanafalikire.
• Malo Omwe Ali: Maselo a khansa alipo, koma sanafalikire kupitirira chotupa choyamba.
• Zachigawo: Maselo a khansa afalikira kuchokera ku chotupa choyambirira kupita ku minofu yapafupi, ma lymph node, kapena ziwalo.
• Kutali: Maselo a khansa afalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi kutali ndi chotupa choyambirira.
• Zosadziwika: Nthawi zina sipamakhala chidziwitso chokwanira chodziwitsa molondola gawo la khansa. Pankhaniyi, imatchedwa izi.

Kukonza Magawo a TNM (Kukonza Magawo a TNM)

Iyi ndi njira ya TNM.Ndi njira yodziwika bwino yomwe madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito pofotokoza momwe khansa yafalikira.

• T (Chotupa chachikulu): Izi zikutanthauza kukula kwa chotupa chachikulu komanso momwe chafalikira ku minofu yapafupi.
• N (Node): Izi zimakuuzani ngati khansa yafalikira ku ma lymph node apafupi , ndipo ngati ndi choncho, mpaka pati.
• M (Metastasis): Izi zikutanthauza kufalikira kwa khansa . Ndiko kuti, ngati khansa yafalikira ku ziwalo zina zakutali za thupi.

Dongosolo la TNM lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa siteji ya zotupa zolimba, monga khansa ya m'mawere ndi khansa ya m'matumbo. Komabe, siligwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya m'magazi, monga khansa ya m'magazi kapena lymphoma .

Pa mitundu ina ya khansa, madokotala amagwiritsanso ntchito njira zina zodziwira matenda. Chitsanzo ndi Lugano system, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a Hodgkin lymphoma ndi non-Hodgkin lymphoma . Chitsanzo china ndi FIGO system , yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa zina za ziwalo zoberekera za akazi.

Mungathe kufunsa dokotala wanu wa khansa kuti agwiritse ntchito njira yotani yochizira khansa yanu. Izi zikuthandizani kumvetsetsa bwino vuto lanu.

Ndi mayeso otani omwe amachitidwa kuti adziwe khansa?

Kuwonjezera pa kuyezetsa thupi, madokotala amachitanso mayeso ena apadera kuti adziwe momwe khansa ilili. Ena mwa mayesowa ndi awa:

• Kujambula kwa CT (Computed Tomography - CT scan): Kujambula kumeneku kumathandiza madokotala kupeza zinthu monga magawo oyambirira a khansa ndi komwe chotupacho chili .
• Kujambula kwa PET (Positron Emission Tomography - PET scan): Kujambula kumeneku kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuona ngati khansa yafalikira mbali zakutali za thupi.
• Endoscopy: Izi zimaphatikizapo kulowetsa chipangizo chopyapyala chonga chubu m'chiwalo chopanda kanthu (monga m'mimba kapena m'matumbo) kuti chione ngati pali zizindikiro za khansa.
• Kufufuza za khansa: Mwina munamvapo izi. Kachidutswa ka minofu kamatengedwa ndi kufufuzidwa kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza khansa. Iyi ndi mayeso ofunikira kwambiri.
• Kuyezetsa magazi kwa khansa: Nthawi zina, zinthu zotchedwa zizindikiro za chotupa m'magazi zingapereke chithunzi cha kukula kwa chotupacho kapena kuchuluka kwa khansa m'thupi.

Dokotala adzadziwa gawo lenileni la khansa yanu kutengera zomwe zapezeka kuchokera ku mayeso onsewa.

Kodi chiopsezo changa cha khansa chingasinthe pambuyo pake?

Vutoli ndi la anthu ambiri. Mungaganize kuti mwina khansa ikafalikira, ngakhale itakhala bwino pambuyo pake, vuto loyambalo lidzasintha. Koma si choncho kwenikweni.

Mwachidule, ngati munapezeka koyamba ndi khansa ya gawo lachiwiri (2), nthawi zonse mudzakhala ndi khansa ya gawo lachiwiri (2). Komabe, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mawu owonjezera pofotokoza kusintha kwa gawo.

• Mwachitsanzo, ngati khansa ya gawo lachiwiri (2) ikafalikira kumadera akutali a thupi, madokotala angaitche kuti 'Khansa ya Gawo lachiwiri yokhala ndi kufalikira kwa maselo' , osati khansa ya gawo lachinayi (4). Mwamvetsa?
• Komanso, ngati palibe zizindikiro za khansa zomwe zingapezeke mutalandira chithandizo, zimatchedwa 'kukhululuka kwathunthu' kapena 'palibe umboni wa matenda' (NED) .

Kukhala ndi khansa kungakhale kovuta kwambiri. N'zomveka kuchita mantha komanso kusatsimikiza mukaona zizindikiro za matenda pogwiritsa ntchito zilembo ndi manambala ngati awa. Koma zizindikiro za khansa sizinthu zambiri kuposa zilembo ndi manambala ochepa chabe. Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito manambalawa kukonzekera chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kwa inu, kugwira ntchito ndi madokotala ena, ndikukupatsani chidziwitso. Dokotala wanu alipo kuti akuthandizeni. Mufunseni mafunso aliwonse omwe muli nawo okhudza zizindikiro za khansa yanu.

Ndiye, ndi zinthu ziti zofunika kwambiri zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira kuchokera m'nkhaniyi? (Uthenga Wopita Kunyumba)

Chabwino, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kukumbukira kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana:

• Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa khansa ndi njira yodziwira kuchuluka kwa khansa m'thupi lanu komanso momwe ilili yoopsa. Izi zimathandiza madokotala kusankha chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kwa inu .
• Kuchuluka kwa matenda kumadalira kukula kwa chotupacho, komwe chili, komanso ngati chafalikira . Njira monga TNM zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi.
• Magawo ali ndi manambala 0, I, II, III, IV. Zilembo A, B, C, ndi D nthawi zina zimawonjezedwa kuti zipereke tsatanetsatane.
• Kuthekera kumeneku kumadziwika kudzera mu mayeso monga CT scan, PET scan, ndi biopsy .
• Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti gawo la khansa lomwe linadziwika poyamba silisintha pambuyo pake. Ngati vutoli lasintha, limafotokozedwa mwanjira ina.
• Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza izi, musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu. Iye ndiye munthu wabwino kwambiri wokufotokozerani zonse.

Kumbukirani, khansa ndi nkhondo. Kuti muthane ndi nkhondo imeneyo, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mudziwe bwino mdani wanu, yemwe ndi khansa. Tikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani pa izi.

Milandu ya khansa, Kuchuluka kwa khansa, Khansa, Chithandizo cha khansa, TNM, Kuzindikira khansa, Kufalikira kwa khansa