Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti magazi anu amapangidwa ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Tonse tamvapo za maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, ndi ma platelet. Koma kodi mumadziwa kuti magazi athu opitirira theka ndi amadzimadzi? Gawo lamadzimadzi limenelo limatchedwa plasma . Ichi ndi chomwe chimanyamula maselo ena onsewo kuzungulira thupi. Zili ngati bwato silingathe kuyenda popanda madzi.

Ndiye, kodi plasma iyi ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, plasma ndi gawo lamadzimadzi la magazi athu. Tangoganizani kuti magazi athu ali ngati supu yopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ndipo plasma ndi gawo lamadzimadzi la supu imeneyo. Izi zimapanga pafupifupi 55% ya kuchuluka kwa magazi athu onse. Maselo ena amagazi - ndiko kuti, maselo ofiira amagazi, maselo oyera amagazi, ndi ma platelet - amasakanizidwa mu plasma iyi. Plasma ndi yomwe imanyamula maselo onsewa kupita ku ngodya iliyonse ya thupi.

Tsopano onani zomwe zili mu plasma iyi. Mudzadabwa!

• Madzi ndiye chinthu chochuluka kwambiri - pafupifupi 92%.
• Ena ndi mapuloteni - pafupifupi 7%. Pakati pawo pali mapuloteni ofunikira kwambiri monga ma antibodies, coagulation factors, albumin, ndi fibrinogen.
• 1% ina ndi mahomoni, mavitamini, mchere, ma enzyme, ndi zinthu zina zambiri zofunika.

Kodi mungaganizire kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwa dontho laling'ono la madzi ili?

Kodi plasma imapereka chithandizo chotani ku matupi athu? N’chifukwa chiyani ndi yofunika kwambiri?

Plasma si madzi ochepa chabe. Imachita zambiri zabwino m'thupi lathu. Plasma ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti tikhale ndi moyo. Onani zomwe imachita:

• Maselo ofiira a m'magazi amatengedwa kupita ku mapapo: Apa ndi pomwe maselo ofiira amatha kutenga mpweya ndikutulutsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide. Monga taxi.
• Kumasunga kuthamanga kwa magazi: Izi ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitsempha yamagazi ikhale yotseguka komanso kuti magazi aziyenda bwino. Ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kutsika, ndi vuto lalikulu.
• Madzi, mahomoni, zakudya, ma electrolyte, ndi mapuloteni zimagawidwa komwe zimafunikira: gawo lililonse la thupi silingathe kukhala popanda zinthuzi.
• Zimathandiza kulamulira kutentha kwa thupi: Chifukwa cha zinthu ngati izi nthawi zonse timakhala pa kutentha komweko.
• Imanyamula maselo oteteza thupi: Monga apolisi oyendera. Ngati pali matenda kapena kachilombo kwinakwake, ndi plasma yomwe imanyamula maselo amenewa kuti amenyane nawo.
• Amapereka mapuloteni ofunikira pa kutupa, magazi kuundana, ndi kuchira mabala: Ngati mwavulala kapena kuvulala, mapuloteniwa amathandiza kuletsa kutuluka kwa magazi ndikuchiritsa mabala.
• Zinyalala zosafunikira zimanyamulidwa kupita ku chiwindi kapena impso: ndi komwe zinyalalazi zimachotsedwa m'thupi. Monga galimoto yonyamula zinyalala.

Taganizirani izi, plasma ili ngati mtsinje. Chilichonse chomwe chimanyamulidwa chili ngati maboti. Tsopano, ngati madzi mumtsinjewu achepa, ndiko kuti, ngati kuchuluka kwa plasma kutsika, maboti amenewo - ndiko kuti, zinthu zofunika - sadzatha kupita kumalo omwe akufunika kupita. Pamenepo ndi pomwe mavuto amayamba.

Kodi plasma imapangidwa bwanji? Kodi plasma iyi imachokera kuti?

Madzi a m'magazi sachokera ku chinthu chimodzi chokha. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku madzi omwe timamwa, chakudya chomwe timadya, ndi ma electrolyte omwe timayamwa kudzera m'magayidwe athu am'mimba. Komabe, mapuloteni ena ofunikira omwe amapanga madzi a m'magazi amachokera ku ziwalo zinazake. Mwachitsanzo:

• Mafupa anu
• Maselo a magazi akale, omwe akufa
• Chiwindi
• Nkhumba

Plasma imapangidwa pamene mapuloteni awa akuphatikizana ndi madzi okhala ndi ma electrolyte.

Kodi plasma ndi mtundu wanji? Imawoneka bwanji?

Tikasiyanitsa plasma ndi maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, ndi ma platelet, imawoneka ngati madzi achikasu otuwa, okhala ngati udzu .

Komabe, ngati muli ndi vuto la matenda, likhoza kusintha kapangidwe ka plasma yanu ndikupangitsa kuti isinthe mtundu. Mwachitsanzo:

• Ngati maselo ofiira a magazi anu asweka (izi zimatchedwa hemolysis) , plasma ikhoza kusanduka pinki.
• Ngati milingo ya bilirubin yanu yakwera chifukwa cha matenda a chiwindi, zomwe zimayambitsa vuto lotchedwa jaundice , plasma ikhoza kukhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira-bulauni.

Kodi ndi chiŵerengero chiti cha magazi athu chomwe chili plasma?

Pa avareji, pafupifupi 55% ya magazi athu ndi plasma. Komabe, kuchuluka kumeneku kumatha kusiyana pang'ono kutengera jenda lanu kapena matenda aliwonse omwe mungakhale nawo.

Kodi plasma imalekanitsidwa bwanji ndi magazi?

Pali chipangizo chapadera chomwe chingalekanitse zigawo za magazi, kuphatikizapo plasma. Chimatchedwa centrifuge . Makinawa amazungulira chubu choyesera chodzaza ndi magazi mwachangu kwambiri. Kenako, maselo ofiira olemera amamira pansi pa chubu choyesera. Ma platelet ndi maselo oyera amagazi amakhala pamwamba pawo ngati gawo loyera. Pamwamba pa gawo loyera limenelo pali plasma.

Kodi mapuloteni akuluakulu omwe ali mu plasma ndi ati?

Plasma ili ndi mapuloteni ambiri ofunikira kwambiri. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili:

Albumin

Puloteni iyi imathandiza kusunga bwino kuchuluka kwa madzi mkati mwa maselo athu ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi kunja kwa maselo, otchedwa plasma. Ichi ndichifukwa chake plasma simangotuluka m'mitsempha yamagazi ndikulowa m'maselo ena. Imagwira ntchito ngati siponji, yomwe imayamwa madzi.

Fibrinogen

Iyi ndi puloteni yofunika kwambiri. Tikavulala kulikonse m'thupi lathu, timafunika magazi kuti avindike kuti magazi asiye kutuluka. Fibrinogen iyi imathandiza magazi kuundana kenako bala limachira ndikupanga minofu kapena chilonda chabwinobwino.

Ma Globulini

Gulu la mapuloteni awa ndi lofunika kwambiri. Ma globulins awa amathandiza kulimbana ndi matenda, kusuntha zinthu m'magazi, komanso kuthandiza magazi kuundana. Apa ndi pomwe ma antibodies omwe tonse timawadziwa amapezeka.

Mapuloteni ena oteteza thupi ndi onyamula

Kuonjezera apo, palinso mapuloteni ena ambiri. Amathandiza kuteteza matupi athu, kukonza zowonongeka, komanso kunyamula michere kapena zinthu zina zofunika kupita kuzigawo zosiyanasiyana za thupi.

Kodi opereka plasma amayesedwa matenda opatsirana?

Inde, ndithudi! Munthu akapereka plasma, plasma imeneyo imayesedwa matenda osiyanasiyana isanaperekedwe kwa ena. Mwachitsanzo:

• Hepatitis (mitundu yonse)
• HIV
• Chindoko

Mayeso ngati awa ndi omwe amachititsa kuti magazi a plasma akhale otetezeka.

Ndi matenda kapena mikhalidwe iti yomwe imakhudza plasma?

Mwatsoka, pali matenda ndi matenda angapo omwe angakhudze plasma yathu. Nazi zitsanzo zina:

• Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha zolakwika pakugwira ntchito kwa mapuloteni, mwachitsanzo amyloidosis .
• Matenda a magazi, monga hemophilia , matenda a von Willebrand , kapena kusowa kwa zinthu zochititsa magazi kuundana.
• Kusowa kwa chitetezo chamthupi kumachitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mapuloteni okwanira m'magazi.
• Matenda monga myeloma . Izi zimakhudza mafuta am'mafupa ndipo zimasokoneza mapangidwe a magazi.

Kodi zizindikiro za vuto lokhudzana ndi plasma ndi ziti?

Ngati pali vuto ndi plasma yanu, pakhoza kukhala zizindikiro zina zomwe zimasonyeza vutolo. Dziwani zinthu monga:

• Kupweteka m'mafupa.
• Kutupa kapena kutuluka magazi mosavuta. Khalani ndi nkhawa ngati mutakhala buluu ngakhale mutakhudza pang'ono, kapena ngati m'kamwa mwanu mukutuluka magazi mukatsuka mano anu.
• Kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira kapena kugunda kwa mtima kosasinthasintha (arrhythmias).
• Matenda obwerezabwereza chifukwa cha kufooka kwa chitetezo chamthupi.

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro ngati izi, ndi bwino kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amachitidwa kuti aone ngati plasma yanga ili bwino?

Mayeso angapo a magazi angachitike kuti muwone ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda m'magazi mwanu. Zina mwa izi ndi izi:

• Kuyesa kuchuluka kwa magazi
• Kufufuza za m'mafupa
• Kuchuluka kwa magazi (FBC/CBC)
• Mayeso a Hematocrit

Dokotala adzasankha mayeso omwe mukufuna.

Kodi ndi mankhwala otani omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda okhudzana ndi plasma?

Chithandizo cha matenda okhudzana ndi plasma chimadalira kwambiri mtundu wa matenda. Nazi zitsanzo za njira zochiritsira:

• Maantibayotiki oletsa matenda.
• Kuikidwa magazi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kapena mavuto ena.
• Chemotherapy ndi kusamutsa maselo oyambira a khansa.
• Madzi a m'magazi otchedwa Convalescent plasma (izi zinagwiritsidwanso ntchito panthawi ya Covid, mungakumbukire) kuti apereke ma antibodies owonjezera kuti amenyane ndi matenda.
• Kuthira madzi a electrolyte (monga kupereka saline) chifukwa cha kusowa madzi m'thupi kapena matenda ena.
• Kulowetsedwa kwa plasma kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa plasma yotayika, kuwonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso kupewa kugwedezeka.
• Kusinthanitsa kwa plasma kapena plasma ndi njira yochotsera chinthu kuchokera mu plasma kapena kusintha plasma kwathunthu.
• Jakisoni wa plasma wolemera m'magazi (PRP) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kuvulala kapena matenda enaake.
• Ma steroid ochizira matenda otupa.

Kodi ndingapereke bwanji plasma?

Pali njira ziwiri zoperekera plasma:

1. Kupereka magazi athunthu: Wogwira ntchito yazaumoyo amaika singano mu mtsempha womwe uli m'dzanja lanu ndikutulutsa magazi. Kenako plasma imalekanitsidwa ngati pakufunika kutero mu labotale.

2. Kupereka magazi okha: Izi zikufanana ndi kupereka magazi athunthu. Pambuyo poyezetsa, dokotala adzatenga singano imodzi mumtsempha womwe uli m'dzanja lanu. Kenako magaziwo amalekanitsidwa mu centrifuge, ndipo maselo otsala a magazi ndi ma platelet amabwezedwa kwa inu kudzera mu singano yomweyo.

Madzi a m'magazi akatengedwa kuchokera m'thupi lanu, madzi a m'magazi omwe aperekedwawo amaundana mkati mwa maola 24. Izi zimasunga zinthu zolimbitsa thupi ndi ma immunoglobulins. Madzi a m'magazi oundana amatha kusungidwa kwa chaka chimodzi.

Plasma yochokera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wa magazi a AB ndiyo yoyenera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti plasma ilibe ma antibodies. Izi zikutanthauza kuti plasma ingaperekedwe kwa munthu amene ali ndi mtundu uliwonse wa magazi. Komabe, aliyense akhoza kupereka plasma ndi kuthandiza ena.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndi plasma yoperekedwa?

Plasma yoperekedwa ili ndi maubwino ambiri. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo:

• Plasma imaperekedwa kwa munthu amene akufunika plasma yochulukirapo chifukwa cha kupsa, kugwedezeka, ngozi, kapena mavuto ena azachipatala.
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kafukufuku wa sayansi popanga mankhwala.
• Mapuloteni oundana magazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutuluka kwa magazi.
• Mapuloteni a chitetezo chamthupi angathandize pa zinthu monga kuchiza khansa, katsabola, chikuku, nthenda ya m'mimba, kusowa kwa chitetezo chamthupi, matenda a impso, chiwindi cha mtundu wa B, matenda a ubongo, ndi kusamutsa mafupa.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Madzi a m'magazi nthawi zambiri amakhala madzi, koma ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'thupi lathu. Ndi chomwe chimalola magazi athu kuyenda ngati madzi ndipo chimanyamula chilichonse chomwe maselo athu amafunikira kuti akhale ndi moyo. Ndipo, mutha kupereka kuti athandize ena.

Mavuto okhudzana ndi plasma amatha kuzindikirika kudzera mu mayeso a magazi nthawi zonse ngati gawo la kafukufuku wa thanzi la chaka chilichonse. Nthawi zambiri, mayesowa amatha kuzindikira mavuto musanakhale ndi zizindikiro.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza momwe plasma yanu imakhudzira thanzi lanu, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Iye angakuuzeni zambiri ndikukuthandizani kupanga zisankho zokhudzana ndi thanzi zomwe zingakhudze plasma yanu. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

Plasma , magazi, magazi, thanzi, matenda, mapuloteni, zopereka