Tiyeni tiphunzire za gawo lodabwitsa la ubongo lomwe limathandiza kuwona kwanu: Occipital Lobe.

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe mumaonera zinthu zokongola padziko lapansi, momwe mumazindikira mitundu, komanso momwe mumakumbukira nkhope za anzanu ndi abale anu? Pali gawo lodabwitsa komanso lofunika kwambiri la ubongo wathu lomwe limayambitsa zonsezi. Ndicho chimene timachitcha Occipital Lobe . Chifukwa chake, lero tikambirana za 'malo owonera' abwino kwambiri awa mwatsatanetsatane .

Kodi Occipital Lobe ndi chiyani? Ili kuti?

Mwachidule, gawo la occipital ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zinayi zazikulu za ubongo wanu. Lili kumbuyo kwenikweni kwa mutu wanu , pamwamba pa zazing'ono zomwe zili kumbuyo kwa mutu wanu. Ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri poyerekeza ndi magawo ena mu ubongo wathu. Komabe, ngakhale kuti ndi laling'ono, limagwira ntchito yodabwitsa. Kodi mukudziwa? Chilichonse chomwe mumawona ndi maso anu, ndiko kuti, chidziwitso chonse chowoneka, chimakonzedwa, kumvedwa, ndikuwunikidwa ndi gawo la occipital ili. Ngati maso athu akanakhala ngati kamera, iyi ndi labu yomwe imakonza zithunzi zomwe kamerayo yatenga.

Chigoba cha occipital ichi, monga mbali zina za ubongo, chimagawidwa m'magawo awiri, lamanzere ndi lamanja. Pali ngalande yaying'ono pakati pa ziwirizi.

Kodi ntchito zazikulu za occipital lobe ndi ziti?

Ntchito yaikulu komanso yokhayo ya occipital lobe ndiyo kukonza zinthu zooneka . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kumvetsetsa zomwe timaona ndi maso athu. Iyi ndi njira yovuta pang'ono. Tiyeni tiwone momwe izi zimachitikira.

Momwe chidziwitso chimachokera m'maso kupita ku gawo la occipital

Taganizirani izi motere: mwana wa diso lanu ali ngati zenera. Zenera ili ndi pomwe kuwala kochokera kunja kumalowa m'diso. Mkati mwa diso, kumbuyo, muli gawo lovuta kwambiri la maselo lotchedwa retina . Zithunzi zomwe mukuziwona zimasinthidwa kukhala uthenga wolembedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi maselo omwe ali mu retina.

Mauthenga awa olembedwa m'ma code amayenda kudzera m'mitsempha yanu ya maso kupita ku ubongo wanu. Kenako amayenda mopitirira muyeso kudzera m'magawo a maso mkati mwa ubongo wanu. Panjira, zizindikirozi zimatumizidwa kudzera m'zigawo zina zofunika za ubongo, monga thalamus , ndipo pamapeto pake zimafika ku occipital lobe.

Zizindikiro zimenezi zikafika ku occipital lobe, ntchito yeniyeni imayamba. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kulemba ma code awa omwe amatumizidwa ndi maso ndikusintha chidziwitsocho kukhala chinthu chomwe ubongo wonse ungagwiritse ntchito ndikumvetsetsa.

Njirayi imachitika makamaka m'malo awiri enieni a occipital lobe: primary visual cortex ndi secondary visual cortex . "Cortex" kapena "cortex"Mawuwa amachokera ku liwu la Chilatini lotanthauza "khungwa la mtengo." Limatanthauza pamwamba pa ubongo wathu wopindika. Chifukwa chake, cortex iyi yowoneka ndi gawo la cortex yomwe imagwira ntchito zokhudzana ndi masomphenya.

Maluso omwe timapeza kuchokera ku gawo la occipital

Ngakhale timati "masomphenya," pali njira ndi luso lina losiyanasiyana mkati mwake. Chigoba cha occipital chimathandiza pa zonsezi. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo:

• Kukonza malo: Ichi ndi chomwe chimapanga ma signal ochokera ku retina yanu ndikukuthandizani kuwona mawonekedwe, kapangidwe, ndi zina mwazinthu zomwe zikuzungulirani.
• Kukonza mitundu: Izi ndi zomwe zimakuthandizani kuwona mitundu ndikusiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yake. Anthu ena sangathe kuwona mitundu ina, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pakhoza kukhala zofooka zina mu njirayi, monga m'mikhalidwe monga kulephera kuwona mitundu .
• Kuzindikira kutali ndi kuya: Luso limeneli limalola ubongo wanu kuwerengera kukula kwa zinthu zomwe mukuziona komanso kutalika kwake.
• Kuzindikira chinthu ndi nkhope: Luso limeneli limakuthandizani kuzindikira zinthu zomwe mudazionapo kale, makamaka nkhope za anthu omwe mudakumana nawo.

Kodi gawo la occipital lobe limathandiza bwanji ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe?

Maso anu ndi omwe amazindikira zomwe mukuwona mozungulira inu ndikutumiza chidziwitsocho ngati zizindikiro ku ubongo wanu. Koma ndi gawo la occipital lomwe limatenga zizindikirozo, kuzikonza, ndikugwira ntchito ndi ziwalo zina za ubongo kuti zimvetse zomwe mukuwona.

Chitsanzo chabwino cha izi ndi kuwerenga . Mukawerenga buku kapena nyuzipepala, gawo la occipital lobe limazindikira kaye zilembo ndi mawu omwe ali mmenemo. Kenako, mawonekedwe ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimazindikirika zimaphatikizidwa ndi gawo la ubongo kuti zimvetse chilankhulo cholembedwa ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zili mkati mwake. Kodi si mgwirizano wabwino kwambiri?

Kodi gawo la occipital lopangidwa ndi chiyani?

Chigoba cha occipital chimapangidwa ndi mitundu yofanana ya maselo omwe amapanga gawo lina lililonse la ubongo. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya maselo:

• Ma neuron: Awa ndi maselo mu ubongo ndi dongosolo la mitsempha omwe amatha kutumiza zizindikiro ku ma neuron ena, kapena kulandira zizindikiro ndikuzitumiza kwina. Zizindikiro izi zimayenda mkati mwa ma neuron ngati ma impulse amagetsi. Neuron imasintha zizindikiro zamagetsi izi kukhala mankhwala ndikuzitulutsa mu neuron. Neuron yotsatira imazindikira mankhwala amenewo ndikupanga mphamvu ina yamagetsi. Umu ndi momwe mauthenga amayendera mwachangu kwambiri mkati ndi pakati pa ma neuron.
• Maselo a Glial:Awa ndi maselo othandizira dongosolo la mitsempha. Samayang'anira zizindikiro. M'malo mwake, amasunga ma neuron, amachotsa zinyalala, amapereka zakudya, komanso amapereka chithandizo cha kapangidwe ka thupi.

Kodi lobe ya occipital imagwira ntchito bwanji mwa anthu akhungu?

Funso ili ndi lofunika kwambiri. Ngakhale mwa munthu wosaona, gawo la occipital limagwirabe ntchito. Komabe, ntchito imeneyo imadalira ngati munthuyo anabadwa wosaona, anakhala wosaona ali wamng'ono, kapena anakhala wosaona mtsogolo.

Ntchito ya occipital lobe mwa anthu omwe anali akhungu kuyambira kubadwa kapena ali ana

Chiwalo cha occipital cha anthu omwe anali akhungu kuyambira kubadwa kapena ali aang'ono kwambiri chimakhala chogwira ntchito kwambiri. Komabe, ntchito imeneyo imachitika akamagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo zina. Ndiko kuti, akamamva fungo, kumva, kukhudza. Komanso, munthu wosaona akamalankhula kapena kumvetsera zomwe ena akunena, chiwalo chake cha occipital chimakhala chogwira ntchito kwambiri.

Mwanjira imeneyi, gawo la occipital lobe lingathe kukonzedwanso kuti ligwire ntchito ina limatchedwa neuroplasticity . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, luso la ubongo lotha kusintha zinthu kapena zochitika zachilendo. Kodi sizodabwitsa?

Ntchito ya occipital lobe mwa anthu omwe amakhala akhungu mtsogolo

Mwa anthu omwe amakhala akhungu mtsogolo chifukwa cha zinthu zokhudzana ndi maso, kotekisi yowona, yomwe kale inkagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chowona, imayankhabe chidziwitso chochokera ku mphamvu zina, ngakhale kuti tsopano imalandira zochepa (kapena ayi) zowunikira zowona.

Njira ziwiri zazikulu zomwe izi zimachitikira ndi kudzera mu kumva ndi kukhudza. Mwachidule, ubongo wanu umatsogolera luso lake lotha kuwona zinthu kupita kuzinthu zina. Izi zimathandiza munthu "kuona" chinthu pochikhudza, kapena kupanga chithunzi cha m'maganizo cha malo ozungulira kutengera zomwe akumva.

Kodi ndi matenda ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza gawo la occipital lobe?

Matenda aliwonse omwe angakhudze minofu ya ubongo wanu angakhudzenso gawo la occipital lobe. Nazi zitsanzo zina:

• Matenda a Alice mu Wonderland
• Mitundu ina yosadziwika bwino ya matenda a Alzheimer's , mwachitsanzo , posterior cortical atrophy
• Zilonda za muubongo (zingayambitsidwe ndi matenda kapena kuwonongeka chifukwa cha opaleshoni/chithandizo chamankhwala)
• Zotupa za muubongo (kuphatikizapo khansa)
• Kuopsa kwa carbon monoxide
• Kuvulala mutu, makamaka kugwedezeka kwa mutu ndi kuvulala koopsa muubongo
• Kupha poizoni ndi zitsulo zolemera kapena poizoni wina
• Matenda (makamaka matenda omwe amayambitsa encephalitis )
• Matenda a maganizo a Lewy
• Mutu wopweteka kwambiri
• Matenda a posterior reversible encephalopathy (PRES)
• Matenda okhudzana ndi khunyu monga khunyu
• Stroke
• Kuzindikira kwa maso (izi zitha kutchedwa chizindikiro komanso vuto)

Kodi zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro zofala za mavuto a occipital lobe ndi ziti?

Popeza ntchito yaikulu ya occipital lobe imagwirizana ndi masomphenya, zizindikiro za matenda omwe amakhudza masomphenya pafupifupi zonse zimagwirizana ndi masomphenya. Nazi zina mwa zizindikiro:

• Kutaya masomphenya (kanthu kochepa kapena kwathunthu)
• Matenda a maso (Visual anosognosia) kapena matenda a Anton
• Zizindikiro zooneka bwino
• Ziwonetsero zooneka (monga, kupotoza komwe kumayenderana ndi aura panthawi ya mutu waching'alang'ala)
• Kuona zinthu m'maganizo

Kutaya masomphenya

Ngati gawo la occipital lobe lawonongeka, mutha kutaya gawo kapena gawo lonse la maso anu. Izi zitha kukhudza diso limodzi kapena maso onse awiri. Ngati mwataya masomphenya kwathunthu ndipo zimakhudza maso onse awiri, imatchedwa cortical blindness . Ngati muli ndi vutoli, maso anu akugwira ntchito bwino, koma ubongo wanu sungagwire ntchito ndi zizindikiro za mitsempha zokhudzana ndi masomphenya, zomwe zimakupangitsani kukhala akhungu.

Matenda a maso (Visual anosognosia) kapena matenda a Anton

Ubongo ukawonongeka, mphamvu ya ubongo yodziyang'anira yokha imatha kusokonekera. Izi zingayambitse kulephera kuzindikira zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro zina za vuto. Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa anosognosia ya maso ndi pamene munthu wakhungu amakana kuti ali ndi vuto la maso. Mtundu wina wosowa wa matenda a Anton ndi pamene munthu amaganiza kuti ndi wakhungu koma akuwonetsa zizindikiro zoti maso ake akugwirabe ntchito (osachepera mosadziwa).

Zizindikiro zooneka bwino

Uwu ndi vuto lomwe ubongo wanu sungathe kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zomwe mukuwona. Zili ngati kuyesa kutsegula fayilo pa kompyuta yanu, koma mulibe pulogalamu yoyenera. Kompyutayo singatsegule fayiloyo chifukwa siidziwa momwe ingagwiritsire ntchito. Umu ndi momwe Visual agnosia ilili. Ubongo wanu sungamvetse ndikugwiritsa ntchito zomwe maso anu amawona. Komabe, nthawi zina mphamvu zina zingathandize ndikugwira ntchito mozungulira izi.

Zitsanzo zina:

• Kuzindikira chinthu: Mu ichi, chinthu chimawoneka, koma munthuyo sangathe kuchizindikira. Komabe, akhoza kuchizindikira ndi mawu (monga mphaka sangazindikire ndi maso, koma akhoza kuzindikirika ndi mawu ake a 'meow') kapena ndi kukhudza (monga kiyi sangazindikire ndi maso, koma akhoza kuzindikirika ndi kukhudza ndi mawonekedwe).
• Agnosia ya utoto: Izi zitha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri. Choyamba ndi chakuti simungathe kusintha mitundu yomwe mukuwona. Izi zingayambitse mitundu kukhala yowala kapena kuoneka ngati imvi ( achromatopsia ). Mtundu wina waukulu ndi wakuti simungathe kulumikiza mitundu ndi mayina awo. Mutha kuwona mitundu, koma ubongo wanu sungatchule mayina awo kapena kuwazindikira mukamva. Agnosia ya utoto ndi yosiyana ndi khungu la maso, lomwe ndi matenda a maso.
• Kuwona nthawi imodzi: Apa ndi pamene mungathe kuona zinthu payokha koma simungamvetse momwe zimalumikizirana. Mwachitsanzo, simungamvetse kuti pali mitengo yambiri pamodzi, ngakhale kuti ikuwoneka ngati nkhalango.

Zinyengo zooneka

Izi ndi kusintha kwa masomphenya. Zimachitika ubongo wanu ukalephera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zizindikiro zochokera m'maso mwanu. Izi zingakhudze makhalidwe otsatirawa a zomwe mukuwona:

• Kukula: Zinthu zingawoneke zazikulu kapena zazing'ono kuposa momwe zilili.
• Mawonekedwe: Zinthu zingawoneke ngati zopotoka (ganizirani momwe chithunzi chanu chimawonekera pamalo osafanana, pagalasi lopindika, kapena pamwamba pa madzi oyenda).
• Kusuntha: Chinthu chingawoneke ngati chikuyenda ngakhale kuti sichikuyenda, kapena chinthu chomwe chikuyenda chingawoneke ngati sichikuyenda.

Kuona zinthu m'maganizo

Muzochitika zachibadwa, masomphenya a munthu amapezeka chifukwa ubongo umagwira ntchito ndi zizindikiro zochokera m'maso. Zizindikiro zimenezo zikafika ku occipital lobe, ma neuron omwe ali m'derali amatumiza zizindikiro ku ziwalo zina za ubongo. Kuwona zinthu m'maganizo ndi pamene ma neuron omwe ali mu occipital lobe amachita ngati akulandira zizindikiro kuchokera m'maso, koma kwenikweni akugwira ntchito okha, popanda zizindikiro zoterozo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, amawoneka ngati akuwona zinthu zomwe palibe.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe alipo kuti aone thanzi la occipital lobe?

Madokotala ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zowunikira thanzi la occipital lobe yanu. Izi zikuphatikizapo mayeso ozindikira matenda, mayeso a labu, ndi ma scan. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo:

• Kuyezetsa magazi (izi zimatha kuzindikira chilichonse kuyambira mavuto a chitetezo chamthupi mpaka poizoni ndi poizoni, makamaka zitsulo monga mkuwa, mercury, ndi lead).
• Kujambula kwa CT (computed tomography)
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• Electromyogram (EMG) (Electromyogram (kuyesa koyendetsa mitsempha) )
• Zotheka zomwe zatulutsidwa ( mayeso a malingaliro)
• Kujambula kwa maginito (MRI)
• Kuyesa kwa ubongo
• Kujambula kwa positron emission tomography (PET)

Kodi ndi mankhwala otani omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda omwe amakhudza gawo la occipital lobe?

Pali matenda ambiri omwe angakhudze minofu ya ubongo wanu, ndipo mankhwala a matenda amenewo amasiyana kwambiri. Mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito pa vuto lina sangagwire ntchito pa vuto lina, kapena angaikenso vuto lina. Chifukwa chake, dokotala ndiye munthu wabwino kwambiri kukupatsani chidziwitso chokhudza njira zochiritsira matenda aliwonse a ubongo. Adzaganizira mbiri yanu yachipatala, matenda omwe alipo, zomwe mumakonda, ndi zina kuti akupatseni mayankho ogwirizana ndi vuto lanu.

Kodi ndingatani kuti ndisunge bwino gawo langa la occipital?

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe mungachite kuti ubongo wanu wonse, kuphatikizapo occipital lobe yanu, ukhale wathanzi. Matenda ena a ubongo akhoza kupewedwa. Ena sangapewedwe, koma mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu chotenga matendawa. Nazi zina mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe mungachite:

• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi: Vitamini D wochuluka kapena wochepa kwambiri angayambitse mavuto muubongo wanu, kuphatikizapo occipital lobe. Zakudya zanu zimakhudzanso thanzi la kayendedwe ka magazi, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti ubongo ugwire bwino ntchito (kupuwala ndi chitsanzo cha vuto lomwe limachitika pamene matenda a kayendedwe ka magazi amakhudza ubongo).
• Khalani ndi thupi lochita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso khalani ndi kulemera kwabwino: Kulemera kwanu ndi kuchuluka kwa zochita zanu zingathandize kupewa kapena kuchedwetsa mavuto omwe amakhudza ubongo, makamaka mavuto okhudza kuyenda kwa magazi monga kuthamanga kwa magazi. Dokotala wa banja lanu angakuuzeni kulemera kwanu koyenera komanso zomwe mungachite kuti mupitirizebe kuyenda bwino. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizanso ubongo wanu. Sikuti kumangothandiza kuyenda kwa magazi kokha, komanso kumalimbikitsa kupanga mankhwala opindulitsa otchedwa neurotransmitters omwe amapangidwa mwachilengedwe mu ubongo.
• Valani zida zodzitetezera ngati pakufunika kutero: Kuvulala mutu, makamaka kugwedezeka kwa mutu ndi kuvulala koopsa muubongo, ndi koopsa kwambiri ku gawo lanu la occipital. Izi zili choncho chifukwa gawo ili la ubongo lili kumbuyo kwa mutu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti livulale mosavuta. Kuvala chisoti, zingwe zotetezera (monga malamba achitetezo), ndi zida zina zodzitetezera kungathandize kwambiri popewa mavuto a gawo la occipital.
• Sinthani matenda anu osatha: Matenda ambiri omwe amakhudza ubongo amakula pakapita nthawi. Komabe, kuchiza matendawa nthawi zina kungayambitse kulephera kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwawo. Zitsanzo za matenda amenewa ndi monga matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri ndi khunyu.

Kumbukirani, gawo laling'ono kwambiri la ubongo wathu ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri, koma ndi chiwalo chachikulu chomwe chimatithandiza kuwona ndikuwona dziko lapansi. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kulisamalira!

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Gawo la ubongo la occipital lingakhale gawo laling'ono kwambiri muubongo wanu, koma ndi gawo lomwe tonsefe timadalira nthawi zambiri. Lili kumbuyo kwa mutu, gawo ili la ubongo limagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro kuchokera m'maso mwanu. Ngakhale lingakhudzidwe ndi matenda ndi mikhalidwe yambiri, kumvetsetsa kwa sayansi ndi zamankhwala za gawo la ubongo ili kuli ndi lonjezo lozindikira ndi kuchiza mavuto ambiriwa.

Chigoba cha occipital chimalumikizidwanso ndi ziwalo zina zambiri za ubongo, kuphatikizapo masomphenya ndi luso lina lalikulu. Ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la luso lanu lozindikira ndikumvetsetsa dziko lozungulirani. Zimathandizanso kupanga zokumbukira potumiza zambiri zokhudza zomwe mwakumana nazo ku ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za ubongo. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuti chigoba cha occipital chili kumbuyo kwa mutu wa aliyense (kwenikweni komanso mophiphiritsa), gawo ili la ubongo ndi limodzi mwa magawo ofunikira kwambiri pa moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku. Chifukwa chake, ndi udindo wanu kusamalira bwino ngwazi iyi.

` Occipital Lobe, Ubongo, Masomphenya, Retina, Visual Cortex, Neurology