Zinthu Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Down Syndrome

Dokotala akakuuzani kuti mwana wanu ali ndi Down Syndrome, mungamve mantha komanso kudabwa kwambiri. Zimenezo n’zachibadwa. Mafunso monga "Ndichite chiyani tsopano?" ndi "Kodi tsogolo la mwana wanga lidzakhala bwanji?" mwina akukuvutitsani. Musadandaule. Tikambirana chilichonse m’njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse. Mukamaliza kuwerenga nkhaniyi, mudzamvetsa bwino vutoli.

Mwachidule, kodi matenda a Down syndrome ndi chiyani?

Chabwino, kuti timvetse izi, tiyeni tiyambe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'thupi lathu. Thupi lathu limapangidwa ndi mamiliyoni a maselo ang'onoang'ono. Mkati mwa maselo onsewa muli "malangizo" omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chonse chokhudza momwe thupi lathu liyenera kugwirira ntchito, mawonekedwe athu, kutalika kwathu, ndi mtundu wa maso athu. Mu zamankhwala, mabuku ophunzitsira awa timawatcha ma chromosome .

Kawirikawiri, selo lililonse mwa munthu wathanzi limakhala ndi ma chromosome 23 awiriawiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma chromosome onse akhale 46. Chomwe chimachitika mwa mwana yemwe ali ndi Down syndrome ndichakuti pali kopi yowonjezera ya chromosome 21. Izi zikutanthauza kuti maselo a mwanayo ali ndi ma chromosome 47 m'malo mwa 46.

Kodi pali chifukwa chenicheni cha vutoli? Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu?

Funso limene makolo ambiri amafunsa ndi ili. "Kodi ndife olakwa?" amadabwa. Ayi ndithu. Matenda a Down syndrome si vuto lomwe limayamba chifukwa cha chilichonse chimene makolo anachita asanakhale ndi pakati kapena panthawi ya mimba. Amachitika nthawi zambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, zimachitika mwangozi panthawi yogawa maselo komwe kumachitika pamene umuna ndi dzira zimakumana panthawi yoyembekezera.

Komabe, kafukufuku wapeza kuti chiopsezo chokhala ndi mwana wokhala ndi Down syndrome chimawonjezeka pang'ono pamene msinkhu wa mayi ukukwera . Chiwopsezochi chimakhala chachikulu makamaka kwa amayi azaka zopitilira 35. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti vutoli silimachitika kwa amayi osakwana zaka 35. Ndipotu, chifukwa amayi osakwana zaka 35 amabereka ana ambiri, ana ambiri omwe ali ndi Down syndrome amabadwira kwa amayi osakwana zaka 35.

Kodi zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za mwana yemwe ali ndi Down syndrome ndi ziti?

Ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome ali ndi makhalidwe ofanana a thupi, nzeru, komanso khalidwe. Komabe, si makhalidwe onsewa omwe ali mwa mwana aliyense.Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mtundu wa makhalidwe amenewo ukhoza kusiyana malinga ndi mwana.

Kuwonjezera pa zizindikiro zimenezi, mavuto ena azaumoyo angabuke pamene mwana akukula. Mwachitsanzo, matenda a m'makutu, mavuto a maso, mavuto a mano, obstructive sleep apnea, komanso ana ena akhoza kukhala ndi matenda a mtima obadwa nawo . Chifukwa chake, dokotala nthawi zonse amawayang'ana ana awa.

Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya Down syndrome.

Matenda a Down syndrome amagawidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu, kutengera momwe chromosome yowonjezera ya 21 imakhalira m'maselo.

1. Trisomy 21: Mtundu uwu ndi wofala kwambiri . Umakhudza 95% ya anthu omwe ali ndi Down syndrome. Mtundu uwu umadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa makope atatu a chromosome 21 mu selo iliyonse ya thupi, m'malo mwa awiri.

2. Translocation Down Syndrome: Izi sizichitika kawirikawiri. Pafupifupi 4% ya odwala Down syndrome ndi amtunduwu. Chomwe chimachitika apa ndichakuti chromosome yonse kapena gawo lake limasamukira ku chromosome ina ndikulumikizana yokha.

3. Mosaic Down Syndrome: Iyi ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri (wosakwana 1%). Chomwe chimachitika apa ndi chakuti chromosome yowonjezera ya 21st imapezeka m'maselo ena a thupi okha. Maselo ena nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma chromosome 46. Chifukwa cha izi, zizindikiro za ana awa zitha kukhala zochepa pang'ono kuposa masiku onse.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji vutoli?

Matenda a Down syndrome amatha kupezeka asanabadwe kapena atabadwa.

Mwana asanabadwe (pa nthawi ya mimba)

Pali mitundu iwiri ya mayeso omwe amachitidwa panthawi ya mimba.

• Mayeso Oyesera: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa chiopsezo cha mwana kukhala ndi Down syndrome. Izi zimachitika kudzera mu mayeso a magazi kuchokera kwa mayi ndi ultrasound scan. Kusanthula kumeneku kumayesa zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa madzi kumbuyo kwa khosi la mwana. Ngati mayesowa akusonyeza kuti pali chiopsezo, mudzatumizidwa kukayezetsanso kuti mutsimikizire.
• Mayeso Ozindikira Matenda: Awa ndi olondola 100% podziwa ngati mwana ali ndi Down syndrome. Mayeso akuluakulu a izi ndi Amniocentesis ndi Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) . Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chitsanzo cha madzi amniotic kapena placenta yozungulira mwana ndikuyesa ma chromosome.

Mwana akabadwa

Mwana akangobadwa, madokotala adzayang'ana mawonekedwe a mwanayo. Adzafufuza zinthu zomwe takambirana kale. Ngati akukayikira kuti Down syndrome ndi yoopsa, mayeso a magazi otchedwa karyotype amachitidwa kuti atsimikizire izi. Chitsanzo cha magazi chochepa chotengedwa kuchokera kwa mwana chikhoza kufufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu kuti adziwe ngati pali kopi yowonjezera ya chromosome 21.

Chithandizo ndi chithandizo - momwe mungamuthandizire mwanayo?

Matenda a Down syndrome si matenda ochiritsika kwathunthu. Ndi matenda a moyo wonse. Komabe, ndi chithandizo choyenera, chithandizo, ndi chithandizo chachikondi, mwanayo angathandizidwe kukhala ndi moyo wachimwemwe komanso wathanzi momwe angathere.

Njira zochiritsira zikuphatikizapo:

• Kuchiza Thupi: Kumathandiza kulimbitsa minofu ndikupititsa patsogolo luso loyenda monga kuyenda ndi kusambira.
• Chithandizo cha Ntchito: Kukulitsa luso lofunikira kuti munthu azitha kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku mosavuta, monga kudziveka, kudya, ndi kugwira cholembera.
• Chithandizo cha Kulankhula: Chimakuthandizani kulankhula momveka bwino, kumvetsetsa zomwe ena akunena, komanso kufotokoza maganizo anu.
• Mapulogalamu apadera a maphunziro: Zochita zophunzitsa zimachitika kusukulu m'njira yogwirizana ndi luso la mwana lophunzira.
• Chithandizo cha mavuto ena azaumoyo: Ngati pali matenda ena monga matenda a mtima kapena vuto la chithokomiro, perekani chithandizo chofunikira chamankhwala.

Mfundo zapadera zomwe ziyenera kusamalidwa zokhudzana ndi thanzi la mwana

Ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda ena, choncho ndikofunikira kudziwa izi.

• Matenda a mtima: Ana ambiri akhoza kukhala ndi matenda a mtima obadwa nawo. Ena mwa iwo amafunika opaleshoni.
• Mavuto a chithokomiro: Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro kungakhale kochepa kapena kokwera.
• Mavuto a m'mimba: Matenda monga kudzimbidwa ndi gastritis ndi ofala kwambiri.
• Matenda a Alzheimer: Anthu omwe ali ndi Down syndrome ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a Alzheimer's, matenda omwe amachititsa kuti munthu asamakumbukire zinthu, akamakalamba. Jini yomwe ili pa chromosome 21 yapezeka kuti ikugwira ntchito imeneyi.

Choncho, ndikofunikira kufunsa upangiri wa dokotala nthawi zonse wokhudza kukula ndi thanzi la mwana.

Thandizo lomwe mumalandira monga makolo

Musamavutike nokha ndi malingaliro omwe mumamva mukazindikira kuti mwana wanu ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome. Simuli nokha.

• Madokotala ndi akatswiri azaumoyo: Funsani gulu la zaumoyo la mwana wanu. Funsani mafunso.
• Uphungu: Mutha kupempha uphungu kuti mukambirane za mantha ndi nkhawa zanu.
• Magulu Othandizira: Lowani ndi makolo ena a ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome. Mungaphunzire zambiri kuchokera ku zomwe adakumana nazo. Ndi chilimbikitso chachikulu kudziwa kuti si inu nokha amene mukuyenda ulendowu.

Kusamalira mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome kungakhale kovuta. Komanso ndi chinthu chosintha moyo komanso chosangalatsa. Ana awa ndi achikondi kwambiri ndipo amafuna kukhala osangalala. Ndi chithandizo choyenera, nawonso amatha kupita kusukulu, kupeza mabwenzi, kupeza ntchito, ndikukhala ndi moyo wopambana.