Tiyeni tingophunzira za Acetylcholine (ACh): Mthenga wachinsinsi wa thupi lathu!

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti ntchito yochuluka bwanji imachitika mkati mwa thupi lanu, popanda kuzindikira? Taganizirani izi, mtima wanu ukugunda, kupuma kwanu, kukumbukira nkhope yomwe mudaiwona, kusuntha manja ndi miyendo yanu... Zonsezi sizichitika pachabe. Kumbuyo kwa zonsezi kuli amithenga ang'onoang'ono a mankhwala. Lero, tikambirana za m'modzi mwa amithenga ofunikira kwambiri m'thupi lathu. Dzina lake ndi acetylcholine, kapena (ACh) mwachidule.

Ndiye kodi acetylcholine (ACh) iyi ndi ndani?

Mwachidule, acetylcholine (ACh) ndi mtundu wa mankhwala otchedwa neurotransmitter. Taganizirani izi ngati kulumikizana kwa foni pakati pa ubongo wathu ndi thupi lathu lonse. Chifukwa chake awa (ma neurotransmitter) ali ngati 'amithenga' omwe amanyamula mauthenga mobwerezabwereza kudzera mu kulumikizanako.

Acetylcholine ndi neurotransmitter yotulutsa mpweya. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mthengayu amapita ku selo lotsatira la mitsempha ndi "kuidzutsa," "kuikakamiza bwino," nati, "Chabwino, tsopano ndi nthawi yanu, pititsani uthengawu patsogolo."

Dzina lake limatchedwa kuchokera ku zinthu ziwiri zomwe zimapangidwa nazo. Ndi gulu la acetyl ndi michere yotchedwa choline. Choline iyi tingapeze kuchokera ku chakudya. Imapezeka mu zinthu monga mazira, soya, ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndi mtedza. Imapangidwanso ndi chiwindi chathu.

Acetylcholine imagwira ntchito zambiri zofunika m'thupi lathu. Ndi yofunikira kwambiri pakuyenda kwa minofu mwaufulu . Imagwiranso ntchito yayikulu pa ntchito za ubongo monga kukumbukira, kuganiza, ndi kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano .

Kodi izi zimapangika bwanji mkati mwa matupi athu?

Tili ndi enzyme m'thupi mwathu yotchedwa 'choline acetyltransferase'. Taganizirani izi ngati wophika. Enzyme iyi ndi yomwe imaphatikiza choline yomwe yatchulidwa kale ndi gulu la acetyl kuti ipange acetylcholine (ACh) yokoma kwambiri. Izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa maselo athu amitsempha.

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe uthengawu ukuyendera.

Pambuyo popangidwa acetylcholine (ACh), imasungidwa kumapeto kwa selo ya mitsempha, ngati mulu wa makalata mu positi ofesi. ACh yosungidwa iyi imatulutsidwa uthenga ukafika kuchokera ku ubongo.

Kenako ACh iyi imadumphira m'kampata kakang'ono pakati pa maselo awiri a mitsempha. Kampata aka kamatchedwa synaptic cleft. Taganizirani ngati uthenga wodumphira pamtsinje.

Selo ya mitsempha yomwe ili pafupi nayo ili ndi malo apadera ogwirira ACh yomwe ikubwerayi. Kunena zoona, ili ngati kiyi yomwe imakwanira kiyi. Timatcha ma receptor awa. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ma receptor a acetylcholine:

1. Zolandilira za Nikotini

2. Zolandilira za Muscarinic

Kiyi ya ACh ikalumikizana ndi imodzi mwa makiyi awiriwa a Ibi, uthengawo umapita ku selo lotsatira. Mwanjira imeneyi, uthengawo umadutsa kuchokera ku selo kupita ku selo ina ndikufikira pamalo oyenera (monga minofu).

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zazikulu zomwe acetylcholine (ACh) imachita m'thupi lathu?

Acetylcholine (ACh) ili ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ntchito yake imasiyana malinga ndi cholandirira chomwe chimalumikizana nacho. Tiyeni tiwone ntchito zake zazikulu.

Mitundu yonse iwiri ya ma receptor imakhudzidwa ndi chilichonse kuyambira kusunga zokumbukira zathu, kupanga zokumbukira zatsopano, kuzisunga, ndi kuzikumbukira . Ndiwofunikanso kwambiri muubongo, kuti tizisamala, tifune kuphunzira, komanso nthawi yogona tulo tofa nato yotchedwa REM (Rapid Eye Movement).

Ndi matenda ati omwe angachitike ngati izi zitachepa?

Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa acetylcholine (ACh) m'thupi lathu kungayambitse matenda ambiri oopsa. Akuluakulu ndi awa:

• Matenda a Alzheimer: Uwu ndi matenda omwe amakhudza kwambiri kukumbukira. Zapezeka kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer ali ndi acetylcholine yochepa kwambiri muubongo.
• Myasthenia gravis: Ichi ndi matenda a autoimmune. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chitetezo cha mthupi lathu chimagwira ntchito motsutsana nafe. Chomwe chimachitika apa ndichakuti ma antibodies athu amapita ndikuwononga acetylcholine receptors (ACh) m'minofu. Kenako ACh singathe kutumiza uthenga, kotero minofu imafooka pang'onopang'ono.
• Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: Izi zimayambitsanso kufooka kwa minofu. Koma chifukwa chake n'chosiyana. Chomwe chimachitika apa ndi chakuti maselo amitsempha satulutsa ACh yokwanira.

Zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza acetylcholine (ACh)

Mwatsoka, ena agwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cha momwe acetylcholine imagwirira ntchito kuvulaza anthu.

Mwachitsanzo, mpweya wa mitsempha monga sarin ndi mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo amagwira ntchito poletsa enzyme yoyeretsa ya acetylcholinesterase yomwe tidakambirana kale. Izi zimathandiza kuti ACh idziunjikane, kufooketsa minofu komanso kupha.

Komanso, akameza, poizoni wa kangaude wakuda amachititsa kuti ACh ikwere kwambiri. Izi zingayambitse kupweteka kwa minofu, kugwedezeka, komanso kufa ziwalo, ngakhale imfa.

Kodi pali mankhwala aliwonse omwe amayang'ana izi?

Inde. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza acetylcholine.

Gulu lalikulu la mankhwala ndi 'cholinesterase inhibitors'. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito poletsa enzyme yomwe imaphwanya ACh. Izi zimathandiza kuti ACh ikhalebe pakati pa maselo amitsempha kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti igwire ntchito kwambiri. Mankhwalawa (monga donepezil, rivastigmine) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda omwe milingo ya ACh ndi yotsika, monga matenda a Alzheimer's ndi myasthenia gravis .

Chitsanzo china ndi poizoni wa Botulinum , kapena monga tonse tikudziwira, 'Botox'. Imagwira ntchito poletsa kutulutsidwa kwa ACh kuchokera kumapeto kwa mitsempha. Izi zimapangitsa kuti minofu ipumule m'malo momangika. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa (kuchepetsa makwinya) komanso kuchiza matenda monga mutu waching'alang'ala.

Kodi tingamwe izi ngati mapiritsi? Kodi tingazimwe kuchokera ku chakudya?

Acetylcholine (ACh) yokha siingatengedwe ngati piritsi. Komabe, michere yomwe imathandiza kupanga, choline, ingatengedwe ngati yowonjezera. Zakudya zina zowonjezera zamasamba, monga Ginkgo biloba, zimakhulupiriranso kuti zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa ACh.

Koma apa pali chinthu chomwe muyenera kukumbukira . Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ena owonjezera popanda kufunsa dokotala wanu kapena wamankhwala . Mankhwalawa akhoza kusokonezana ndi mankhwala ena omwe mukumwa, kapena akhoza kukuvulazani.

Koma titha kupeza choline mwachilengedwe kuchokera ku chakudya. Zina mwa zakudya zazikulu zomwe zili ndi choline ndi izi:

• Chiwindi cha ng'ombe
• Mazira
• Ng'ombe
• Soya, nandolo
• Nkhuku
• Nsomba ya cod
• Kinoya
• Bowa, broccoli
• Mkaka