Tonsefe timapuma nthawi zonse. Koma kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti mpweya uwu umalowa bwanji m'thupi, ndipo njira yake ndi yotani? Monga momwe galimoto ilili ndi msewu, pali njira yapadera yopumira yomwe timapuma kuti tifike m'mapapu athu. Lero tikulankhula za 'njira yopumira' iyi, kapena m'mawu azachipatala, njira zopumira, zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri komanso zofunika kwambiri pa miyoyo yathu.
Mwachidule, kodi njira zopumira mpweya zimenezi ndi ziti?
Njira zopumira mpweya ndi njira, kapena machubu, omwe amalola mpweya kulowa ndikutuluka m'mapapo mwanu. Ichi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la dongosolo lathu lopumira. Taganizirani ngati njira yopumira ndege kuti inyamuke ndikutera. Njira zopumira mpweya ndi momwe timatengera mpweya kuchokera mumlengalenga womwe timapuma ndikuchotsa mpweya woipa (CO2) .
Njira yopumira iyi ingagawidwe m'magawo awiri akuluakulu.
- Njira zopumira m'mwamba: Izi zili mozungulira nkhope, mutu, ndi khosi. Zikuphatikizapo mphuno, mphuno, sinuses, pharynx, ndi larynx. Apa ndi pomwe mpweya wochokera kunja umalowa m'thupi.
- Njira zopumira m'mapapo: Izi zimapezeka m'khosi ndi pachifuwa. Zikuphatikizapo trachea, bronchi, ndi bronchioles. Ichi ndi gawo lomwe limanyamula mpweya mwachindunji m'mapapo anu.
Kodi izi sizimangopangitsa mpweya kuyenda?
Inde, ndithudi! Ngakhale kuti ntchito yaikulu ya njira yopumira ndi kugwira ntchito ngati njira yopitira mpweya, dongosololi limachita zambiri kuposa pamenepo. Limagwira ntchito ngati chitetezo cha thupi lathu.
| Ntchito ya njira yopumira | Ndi momwe zimachitikira. |
|---|---|
| Amalamulira kutentha ndi chinyezi | Ngakhale mpweya wozizira umene timapuma kuchokera kunja umatenthedwa kuti ugwirizane ndi kutentha kwa thupi lathu ndipo umawonjezeredwa ndi chinyezi chofunikira musanatumizidwe ku mapapo athu. |
| Amachotsa dothi ndi zinyalala | Makoma a njira yopumira ali ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tonga tsitsi totchedwa cilia. Timeneti timagwira majeremusi omwe akubwera ndi fumbi mu nyini ndikukankhira mmwamba, ngati lamba wonyamulira m'fakitale. Kenako, tikakhosomola kapena kuyetsemula, dothi ndi zinyalala zimatuluka pamodzi ndi nyini. |
| Zimathandiza kulankhula ndi kununkhiza | Tikamalankhula, mawu amapangidwa ndi kugwedezeka kwa mawu pamene mpweya umadutsa pamwamba pake. Mofananamo, tikamapuma, tinthu ta fungo mumlengalenga timatumiza mauthenga ku ubongo kudzera mu mitsempha ya fungo m'mphuno, yomwe imatipangitsa kununkhiza. |
Matenda ofala omwe amakhudza njira yopumira
Njira yathu yopumira imatha kukhudzidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Izi zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu.
1. Matenda osatha
Izi nthawi zambiri zimatha kuchitika chifukwa cha majini, kuwonongeka kwa njira yopumira, kapena matenda obadwa nawo.
- Mphumu
- Matenda a bronchiectasis
- Matenda osatha oletsa kupuma (COPD)
- Matenda a cystic fibrosis
2. Kutupa kwa njira zopumira
Matenda osiyanasiyana (monga chimfine ndi COVID-19) ndi ziwengo zingayambitse kutupa m'njira zopumira. Zizindikiro zimasiyana malinga ndi komwe kutupako kumachitika.
- Bronchitis - kutupa kwa machubu a bronchial.
- Bronchiolitis - kutupa kwa machubu a bronchial.
- Sinusitis - kutupa kwa ma sinus m'mphuno.
3. Kutsekeka kwa njira yopumira (Kutsekeka)
Chinthu chakunja, minofu ya thupi, kapena chifukwa china chilichonse chingatseke njira yopumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupuma kukhale kovuta.
- Kutsamwa: Mwana wamng'ono amameza chinthu ngati chidole kapena nandolo.
- Kukula kwabwino.
- Matenda a khansa.
- Kuchepa kwa njira yopumira (Stenosis).
- Kulephera kupuma mokwanira (OSA): Kutsekeka kwa mpweya chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa minofu ya pakhosi panthawi yogona.
Kodi zizindikiro zofala za matenda amenewa ndi ziti?
Ngati pali vuto ndi njira yanu yopumira, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zingachitike.
- Mphuno yotuluka madzi kapena mphuno yotsekeka.
- Kumva mawu osazolowereka popuma, monga kupuma movutikira kapena stridor .
- Kuvuta kupuma, kupuma movutikira (dyspnea).
- Kugona kwambiri masana (makamaka ngati muli ndi OSA).
Ngati mukupitirizabe kukhala ndi zizindikiro ngati izi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo ndikupempha upangiri popanda kuzinyalanyaza.
Mayeso oyesa mavuto a kupuma
Kutengera ndi zizindikiro zanu, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni mayeso osiyanasiyana kuti muwone ngati njira yanu yopumira ili bwino.
- Mayeso omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kamera poyang'ana mkati: Mayeso monga mphuno endoscopy, yomwe imayang'ana mkati mwa mphuno, ndi bronchoscopy, yomwe imayang'ana njira zopumira zomwe zimapita ku mapapo.
- Mayeso okhudza ntchito ya m'mapapo: Mayeso omwe amayesa luso lanu lopuma ndi kutuluka.
- Kuyeza kwa mpweya m'magazi: Chipangizo chomwe chimayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi anu, chofanana ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono komwe kamakwanira pa chala chanu.
- Kujambula pachifuwa ndi CT scan: Izi zimathandiza kuzindikira matenda mwa kupeza zithunzi zomveka bwino za njira zopumira mpweya ndi mapapo.
- Maphunziro okhudza kugona: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira matenda a kukokoloka ndi kupuma movutikira.
Kodi mankhwala a njira yopumira ndi otani?
Chithandizo chimadalira matenda anu.
Mitundu ya mankhwala
- Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kutupa ndikutsegula njira zopumira: Izi zitha kukhala corticosteroids kapena bronchodilators zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati inhaler.
- Kuchiza matenda: Mankhwala monga maantibayotiki a matenda a bakiteriya ndi mankhwala oletsa mavairasi.
- Mankhwala a ziwengo: Mankhwala monga antihistamines.
Mankhwala ena
- Opaleshoni: Ngati pali chopinga kapena chotupa, opaleshoni ikhoza kuchitidwa kuti chichotsedwe.
- Kulowetsa mpweya m'chubu: Ngati kupuma kwalephera, chubu chimayikidwa kudzera pakamwa kapena mphuno kuti mpweya ukhale wotseguka komanso kuti mpweya ukhale wofewa.
- Tracheostomy: Njira yomwe imabowola khosi kutsogolo kuti munthu azitha kupuma kudzera mu mkodzo. Izi zitha kukhala zakanthawi kapena zosatha.
- Makina a CPAP: Makina awa amathandiza anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kupuma movutikira (OSA) mwa kupopera mpweya kudzera mu chigoba chomwe chimavala pamphuno pamene akugona, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mpweya ukhale wotseguka.
Zinthu zomwe tingachite kuti tisunge njira zathu zopumira bwino
Zinthu zosavuta izi zidzakuthandizani kwambiri kuti mpweya wanu wopuma ukhale wathanzi komanso wamphamvu.
- Pewani kusuta fodya ndi kusuta fodya wa m'mapapo kotheratu. Kusuta fodya ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha kuwonongeka kwa njira yopumira. Kusuta fodya wa m'mapapo kulinso ndi mankhwala owopsa.
- Pewani kuipitsa mpweya. Pewani kupuma zinthu monga utsi wa galimoto, mankhwala, ndi utsi wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu wina. Valani chophimba nkhope ngati mukugwira ntchito m'malo odzaza fumbi komanso utsi.
- Imwani madzi ambiri. Kumwa madzi okwanira kumathandiza kuchepetsa kusonkhana kwa mamina ndipo kungathandize kutulutsa madzi mosavuta.
- Dzitetezeni ku matenda. Sambani m'manja nthawi zambiri. Pezani katemera wofunikira monga momwe dokotala wanu walangizira. Katemerayu angakuthandizeni ku matenda omwe amakhudza njira yopumira.
- Samalani ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ngati muli ndi vuto la kupuma, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za masewera olimbitsa thupi opumira omwe ndi oyenera kwa inu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Njira zanu zopumira mpweya si chubu chokha chomwe mpweya umadutsamo, ndi dongosolo lodabwitsa lomwe limakutetezani ku matenda, limakuthandizani kulankhula, komanso limakuthandizani kununkhiza.
- Ngati mukupanga phokoso lachilendo mukapuma, mukutsokomola, kapena mukukhala ndi mphuno yotsekeka nthawi zonse, musaganize kuti ndi zachilendo.
- Zizolowezi zosavuta monga kupewa kusuta fodya ndi kumwa madzi ambiri zingathandize kuteteza thanzi lanu la kupuma kwa nthawi yayitali.
- Ngati mukukumana ndi vuto lililonse la kupuma, musaganize, koma onetsetsani kuti mwawonana ndi dokotala woyenerera ndipo mupeze upangiri woyenera komanso chithandizo.
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