Tiyeni tiphunzire za dokotala wapadera amene adzakuonani musanachite opaleshoni - katswiri wogonetsa anthu ogonetsa.

Kodi munayamba mwakonzekera opaleshoni kapena mayeso akuluakulu? Kodi mukukumbukira nthawi yomwe, kuwonjezera pa dokotala wa opaleshoni, dokotala wina wapadera anabwera kudzakuonani? Dokotala ameneyo ndi katswiri wa opaleshoni. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za amene dokotala wa opaleshoni uyu ali, zomwe amachita, komanso kufunika kwake pa chitonthozo ndi chitetezo chanu.

Kodi katswiri wa opaleshoni ya misala ndi ndani?

Mwachidule, dokotala wogonetsa anthu ovutika ndi dokotala amene amakusamalirani mu chipinda chothandizira kupweteka, chothandizira kupweteka, komanso chipinda chosamalira odwala ovutika kwambiri musanachite opaleshoni, panthawi, komanso mutachita opaleshoni ina yopweteka. Taganizirani kufunika koti tisamve kupweteka panthawi ya opaleshoni. Dokotala waluso uyu amachita zimenezo mosamala.

Kodi mankhwala oletsa ululu ndi chiyani?

Anesthesia ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe chimakulepheretsani kumva ululu panthawi ya opaleshoni kapena njira zina zachipatala. Mankhwala omwe akatswiri ogonetsa ndi akatswiri ena azaumoyo amagwiritsa ntchito kuti athetse ululuwu amatchedwa anesthesia.

Tsopano onani, njira zoperekera mankhwala oletsa ululu izi zimagwira ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

• Mankhwala ena oletsa ululu amangopangitsa kuti gawo linalake la thupi lanu lizizizira. Taganizirani ngati mankhwala omwe mumapereka musanachotse dzino.
• Mankhwala ena amagonetsa ubongo wanu kwa kanthawi, kenako n’kutaya chidziwitso. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa opaleshoni yaikulu, monga ya mutu, pachifuwa, kapena pamimba.

Ngati muli ndi vuto laling'ono, monga kudzaza dzino, dokotala amene akukuthandizani adzakupatsani mankhwala oletsa ululu , zomwe zikutanthauza mankhwala omwe amachotsa dzanzi m'dera limenelo lokha.

Kodi katswiri wogonetsa anthu ogonetsa ndi dokotala?

Inde, ndithudi! Dokotala wogonetsa anthu o ...

Kodi kwenikweni dokotala wa opaleshoni amachita chiyani?

Monga dokotala wa banja lanu, dokotala wogonetsa anthu odwala matenda oletsa ululu ali ndi udindo wosamalira mbali zonse za thanzi lanu. Mwachitsanzo, adzayang'anira kuthamanga kwa magazi anu, matenda a shuga, mphumu, ndi matenda a mtima panthawi ya opaleshoni, komanso adzakupatsani mankhwala oletsa ululu kuti musamve kupweteka kulikonse.

Akatswiri ogonetsa odwala matenda oletsa ululu amathandizanso kuonetsetsa kuti muli otetezeka mwa kuphimba ndi kuteteza ziwalo za thupi lanu pamene simukuzindikira, kuti mupewe kuwonongeka.

Madokotala ogonetsa odwala ali ndi maudindo ofunikira kwambiri asanayambe opaleshoni, panthawi yake, komanso pambuyo pake :

Musanachite opaleshoni

• Phunzirani momwe thanzi lanu lilili komanso zotsatira za mayeso mosamala.
• Kudziwa momwe thupi lanu lilili loyenera opaleshoni yomwe mukufuna kuchitidwa.
• Kusankha njira yoperekera mankhwala oletsa ululu yomwe ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa inu.

Pa nthawi ya opaleshoni

• Zizindikiro zanu zofunika kwambiri - monga kugunda kwa mtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi kupuma - zidzayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse panthawi ya opaleshoni.
• Kusamalira matenda anu omwe alipo kale.
• Kupereka madzi, zinthu zochokera m'magazi ndi mankhwala omwe thupi lanu limafuna kuti ligwire ntchito (monga mtima, mapapo, impso).
• Angagwire ntchito okha, kapena ndi gulu losamalira odwala omwe ali ndi anamwino ogonetsa kapena ogonetsa odwala omwe ali ophunzira.

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni

• Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, muli ndi udindo wosamalira thanzi lanu mpaka mutachira pang'onopang'ono ku zotsatira za mankhwala oletsa ululu.
• Kawirikawiri, ndi dokotala wogonetsa anthu amene amasankha nthawi imene mwachira mokwanira ku zotsatira za mankhwala ogonetsa anthu ndipo mwakonzeka kupita kunyumba kapena kusamutsidwira ku chipinda china kuchipatala.

Ntchito zina zofunika

Akatswiri ogonetsa odwala matenda oletsa ululu amasamaliranso anthu omwe akuchitidwa opaleshoni yaying'ono kapena omwe safunika kukhala osadziwa kalikonse (`General Anesthesia`). Mwachitsanzo, zinthu monga epidurals zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa amayi omwe atsala pang'ono kubereka mwana kuti achepetse ululu .

Amathandizanso kusamalira odwala omwe ali mu Intensive Care Unit (ICU) pambuyo pa opaleshoni yayikulu. Amagwiriranso ntchito ndi gulu lothandizira kupweteka kwa chipatala kapena muofesi kuti athandize omwe ali ndi ululu waukulu, kaya chifukwa cha ngozi kapena ululu wosatha wa msana.

Kodi pali anthu ena omwe ali mu gulu lothandizira odwala oletsa ululu?

Inde, pakhoza kukhala anthu ena omwe ali mu gulu lothandizira anthu ogonetsa kupweteka kupatula dokotala wa opaleshoni. Tiyeni tiwone kuti ndi ndani.

• Dokotala Wovomerezeka Wopereka Mankhwala Oletsa Kupweteka (CRNA): Uyu ndi namwino wolembetsedwa yemwe wamaliza maphunziro ovomerezeka a anamwino oletsa kupweteka. Ndi anamwino (osati madokotala) omwe aphunzitsidwa bwino popereka chithandizo cha mankhwala oletsa kupweteka. CRNA nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala woletsa kupweteka. Monga momwe namwino amene ali m'chipinda chachipatala angakusamalireni motsogozedwa ndi dokotala wanu wa opaleshoni kapena dokotala wa banja.
• Wothandizira Wovomerezeka wa Anesthesiologist (CAA): Uyu ndi wopereka chithandizo chapakati yemwe amagwira ntchito ngati CRNA. Komabe, m'malo mwa digiri ya unamwino, ali ndi mbiri ya sayansi, monga digiri ya pre-med.
• Dokotala Wopereka Mankhwala Oletsa Kupweteka: Uyu ndi dokotala amene tinakambirana kale, amene waphunzitsidwa bwino za mankhwala oletsa ululu atamaliza maphunziro ake azachipatala. Amalandira maphunziro a zaka zinayi a mankhwala oletsa ululu. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri akuphunzitsidwa za mankhwala oletsa ululu m'magawo monga Pediatrics, Cardiac, Obstetrics, Intensive Care, kapena Ululu.

Kodi ndi opaleshoni ndi njira ziti zomwe zimafunika dokotala wa opaleshoni?

Maopaleshoni ambiri ndi njira zachipatala zimafuna mtundu wina wa opaleshoni yoletsa ululu komanso ukatswiri wa dokotala woletsa ululu. Mitundu ya opaleshoni yomwe dokotala woletsa ululu amagwiritsa ntchito ndi iyi:

• Anesthesia Yonse - Izi zikutanthauza kutaya chidziwitso chonse.
• Kugona tulo tofa nato - Izi zikutanthauza kugona pang'ono.
• Anesthesia Yachigawo - Izi zikutanthauza kuphwanya gawo lalikulu la thupi.

Ngati mukufunikira mankhwala oletsa ululu a m'deralo okha pa chinthu chaching'ono, dokotala amene akukuthandizaniyo adzakupatsani.

Opaleshoni yanthawi zonse yomwe imafuna mankhwala oletsa ululu:

• Opaleshoni ya mutu kapena msana
• Opaleshoni ya mtima
• Opaleshoni ya mapapo
• Njira zochitira opaleshoni m'mimba mwanu

Anesthesia Yachigawo - kutanthauza, anesthesia ya msana, anesthesia ya epidural, kapena block ya anesthesia yachigawo - imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa opaleshoni yanthawi zonse:

• Opaleshoni ya m'chiuno kapena bondo
• Opaleshoni ya manja kapena mapazi

Kugona m'malo opumulirako m'mawa ndi m'mawa - Izi zikutanthauza kukupatsani mankhwala oti akupumulitseni ndikukusungani maso pamlingo wosiyanasiyana (izi zitha kukhala kapena sizingaphatikizepo mankhwala oletsa ululu am'deralo) - Njira zodziwika bwino zomwe zimafunika:

• Kufufuza mkati mwa trachea (bronchoscopy)
• Kufufuza mkati mwa matumbo akulu (`Colonoscopy`)
• Kufufuza mkati mwa chikhodzodzo (`Cystoscopy`)
• Opaleshoni ya mano
• Kukonza pang'ono kusweka kwa mafupa
• Opaleshoni ya khungu yaying'ono
• Opaleshoni ya pulasitiki kapena yokonzanso
• Kufufuza gawo lapamwamba la kugaya chakudya (Upper endoscopy)

Akatswiri oletsa ululu ndi omwe amaperekanso mankhwala oletsa ululu panthawi yobereka komanso mankhwala oletsa ululu pochotsa mimba (C-section) .

Kodi muyenera kuyembekezera chiyani mukapita kukawonana ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni?

Mudzakumana ndi dokotala wanu wogonetsa anthu ogonetsa opareshoni masiku angapo kapena milungu ingapo musanachite opaleshoni yanu. Panthawiyo, iye adzaonetsetsa kuti muli bwino chifukwa cha opaleshoniyo.

Mafunso oti mufunse

Amakufunsani za zinthu monga:

• Kodi thanzi lanu lonse lili bwanji?
• Kodi pali matenda enaake omwe analipo kale , mwachitsanzo, matenda a mtima, matenda a shuga, kapena mphumu?
• Mitundu ya mankhwala omwe mukumwa (omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani, mankhwala ogulitsidwa kunja kwa chipatala, ndi zowonjezera zina).
• Kodi ziwengo zanu ndi ziti?
• Kaya inu kapena wina aliyense m'banja mwanu mudakumanapo ndi vuto lililonse ndi mankhwala oletsa ululu m'mbuyomu. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Makamaka, ndikofunikira kuuza dokotala wanu ngati mwakhala mukuvutika kudzuka kuchokera ku mankhwala oletsa ululu m'mbuyomu, mwakhala mukugwiritsa ntchito makina opumira kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe mumayembekezera, mwakhala mukuvutika ndi kutentha thupi chifukwa cha mankhwala oletsa ululu, kapena mwakhala mukumva nseru komanso kusanza kwambiri mutachita opaleshoni.

Kuyezetsa thupi komwe kumachitika

Adzafufuza zinthu izi zokhudza inu:

• Mpweya - Izi zikutanthauza mano anu, pakhosi, pakhosi, ndi m'mphuno.
• Mtima.
• Mapapu.
• Kugunda kwa mtima (`Kugunda kwa mtima` / `Kugunda kwa mtima`).

Adzawunikanso mayeso anu a magazi, ma X-ray, ma ultrasound, ndi malipoti a EKG (electrocardiogram) kuti atsimikizire kuti mwakonzeka bwino opaleshoni yanu.

Akaganizira zonsezi, adzasankha njira yoyenera yoperekera mankhwala oletsa ululu - kaya ndi mankhwala oletsa ululu, mankhwala oletsa ululu m'dera, mankhwala oletsa ululu msana, kapena kuphatikiza zonsezi. Musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso. Fotokozani zomwe akukulangizani komanso zomwe mungayembekezere.

Kodi munthu amakhala bwanji katswiri wa opaleshoni?

Kuti munthu akhale dokotala wa opaleshoni, ayenera kukwaniritsa zonse izi:

• Maphunziro a zaka zinayi asanayambe maphunziro a zachipatala ku yunivesite komanso digiri ya bachelor.
• Maphunziro a zaka zinayi kusukulu ya zachipatala (`Sukulu ya Zamankhwala`) ndi digiri ya zachipatala (`MD` kapena `DO`).
• Maphunziro apadera a zaka zinayi ('Residency') mu pulogalamu yoletsa ululu.
• Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mukufuna, mutha kulandiranso chaka china kapena ziwiri za maphunziro apadera (`Maphunziro a Chiyanjano`) . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, m'magawo apadera monga matenda a mtima, matenda a mitsempha, matenda a ana, matenda obereka ndi matenda a akazi, chisamaliro chapadera, kapena kusamalira ululu.

Pambuyo pa maphunziro omaliza maphunzirowa, akatswiri ambiri ogonetsa odwala amakhala ovomerezeka ndi bungwe la American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) polemba mayeso olembedwa komanso olankhulidwa.

Monga akatswiri ena onse azachipatala, akatswiri ogonetsa odwala ayenera kupezeka pamisonkhano ndi makalasi pantchito zawo zonse kuti azidziwa zatsopano zokhudza chitukuko ndi ukadaulo watsopano m'munda wawo. Ena amachitanso kafukufuku kuti apeze njira zatsopano komanso zabwino zoperekera mankhwala ogonetsa odwala.

Kodi ndi maphunziro ati omwe ali mu gawo la anesthesiology?

Zina mwa zinthu zapadera zomwe zingathandize pa ntchito ya anesthesiology ndi izi:

• Kusamalira ululu
• Mankhwala oletsa ululu a mtima
• Mankhwala oletsa ululu a ana
• Mankhwala oletsa ululu a neuro-anesthesia
• Mankhwala oletsa ululu m'mimba
• Chisamaliro chapadera / chovuta kwambiri
• Mankhwala oletsa ululu m'madera / Kusamalira ululu wopweteka kwambiri
• Chisamaliro cha odwala okalamba komanso ochepetsa ululu

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Kuchitidwa opaleshoni kapena opaleshoni yaikulu yachipatala kungakhale kovuta pang'ono. Koma kumbukirani kuti dokotala wanu wogonetsa anthu ali ndi chidziwitso chapadera komanso luso loti akutetezeni panthawi ya opaleshoni yanu. Adzapanga dongosolo logonetsa anthu lomwe lapangidwira inu.

Musaope kufunsa mafunso a dokotala wanu wogonetsa anthu ogonetsa. Iwo alipo kuti akuthandizeni kukhala omasuka komanso odzidalira pa opaleshoni yanu. Chitetezo chanu ndi chofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo.

Kotero, nthawi ina inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akadzachitidwa opaleshoni, tsopano mukudziwa za ntchito ya dokotala wogonetsa anthu ogonetsa, sichoncho? Ndikukhulupirira kuti zidzakukhazika mtima pansi.

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