Mukakhala ndi chimfine kapena pakhosi, kodi mumapita ku pharmacy kukapempha "antibiotic"? Mwina mumapemphanso mankhwala omwe mnzanu wakupatsani. Ndipotu, anthu ambiri m'dziko lathu amachita zimenezo. Koma kodi ndi zoonadi? M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za maantibayotiki, momwe tingawagwiritsire ntchito moyenera, komanso zomwe zingachitike ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika.
Mwachidule, kodi maantibayotiki amenewa ndi chiyani?
Mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amalimbana ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya . Chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira apa ndichakuti sagwira ntchito polimbana ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mavairasi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti maantibayotiki sangathandize ndi matenda monga chimfine kapena chimfine.
Taganizirani izi, mkati mwa matupi athu, pakhungu lathu, ndi kulikonse komwe kuli chilengedwe chozungulira ife muli tizilombo tating'onoting'ono totchedwa mabakiteriya. Ambiri mwa iwo sativutitsa. Ena (monga omwe ali m'matumbo mwathu) amatithandizanso. Koma ngati mabakiteriya ena oipa alowa m'thupi mwathu, angatidwalitse, kuyambira matenda ang'onoang'ono mpaka matenda aakulu omwe amafunika kuchipatala.
Apa ndi pamene maantibayotiki amakhala ofunikira kwambiri kwa ife. Angatichiritse, ndipo nthawi zina amapulumutsa miyoyo. Koma monga china chilichonse, kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki mopitirira muyeso si lingaliro labwino. Kumwa maantibayotiki pamene sikofunikira (pa matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi, kapena pa matenda ang'onoang'ono a bakiteriya omwe amachira okha) kungayambitse zotsatira zosafunikira ndikuwonjezera vuto la "kukana maantibayotiki" lomwe timakumana nalo padziko lonse lapansi.
Kodi maantibayotiki amagwira ntchito bwanji m'thupi?
Maantibayotiki amagwira ntchito m'njira ziwiri zazikulu:
1. Kupha mabakiteriya: Maantibayotiki ena amapha mabakiteriya mwa kuwononga ziwalo za mabakiteriya zomwe ndi zofunika kuti apulumuke (monga khoma la selo lawo kapena DNA).
2. Kuletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya: Maantibayotiki ena amaletsa mabakiteriya kupanga mapuloteni omwe amafunikira kuti agawikane ndikuchulukana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sangathenso kufalikira.
Umu ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito maantibayotiki moyenera!
Kuti mupindule kwambiri ndi mankhwalawa, ndikofunikira kuwagwiritsa ntchito moyenera. Nazi zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kukumbukira.
- Imwani mankhwala anu monga momwe dokotala wanu wakuuzani: Muyenera kumwa mankhwalawo kwa masiku onse omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani. Onetsetsani kuti mwatsatira malangizo a kangati patsiku, komanso ngati muyenera kumwa musanadye kapena mutatha. Funsani ngati pali chilichonse chomwe sichikudziwika bwino.
- Musasunge mankhwala kuti mudzagwiritse ntchito mtsogolo: Musaganize kuti, "Nditenga nthawi ino ndipo ndisunga ena onse chifukwa cha matenda ena." Zimenezo n'zoopsa. Mumangopatsidwa mankhwala a matenda omwe muli nawo panthawiyo.
- Musamwe mankhwala omwe wina wakupatsani: Mankhwala operekedwa ndi dokotala ali ngati suti yopangidwira inu nokha. Amapangidwa kuti akuthandizeni kutengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mtundu wa matenda omwe muli nawo, mbiri yanu ya thanzi, komanso ziwengo zanu.
- Tayani mankhwala otsala mosamala: Nthawi zambiri mumalandira kuchuluka koyenera kwa mankhwala omwe mukufuna. Komabe, ngati pazifukwa zina muli ndi mankhwala otsala, mutha kufunsa wamankhwala wanu momwe mungawatayire mosamala.
Ndi matenda ati omwe amachiritsidwa ndi maantibayotiki?
Mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amatha kuchiza matenda osiyanasiyana a bakiteriya omwe angachitike m'matupi athu osiyanasiyana. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo.
| Mtundu wa matenda | Zitsanzo |
|---|---|
| Matenda a pakhungu ndi minofu yofewa | Matenda a Cellulite, Impetigo, matenda opatsirana ndi kulumidwa ndi nyama kapena anthu, matenda a Staph |
| Matenda a pakhosi ndi m'mapapo | Chibayo cha bakiteriya, Strep pakhosi, Chifuwa chachikulu |
| Matenda a mkodzo ndi ziwalo zoberekera | Matenda a mkodzo (UTIs), bacterial vaginosis (BV), matenda ena opatsirana pogonana (STIs) |
| Matenda a maso | Diso la pinki, orbital cellulitis |
| Zochitika zina | Endocarditis, matenda a Lyme, Sepsis yoyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka bakiteriya |
Kodi ndi nthawi iti yomwe si bwino kumwa mankhwala opha maantibayotiki?
Ichi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri. Musamwe mankhwala opha majeremusi pa matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi. Sagwira ntchito.
Kumbukirani: Kaya muyese bwanji, kumwa mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sikungachiritse chimfine. Zili ngati kuika bandeji pa kutentha kwa dzuwa. Si njira yoyenera yothetsera vutoli.
Matenda omwe sachiritsidwa ndi maantibayotiki:
- Chimfine
- Chimfine chofala kapena mphuno yotuluka madzi
- Matenda ambiri a bronchitis
- Kupweteka kwa pakhosi komwe si matenda a strep
- Matenda a sinus omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo
Komanso, pali matenda ena a bakiteriya omwe amatha okha patatha masiku ochepa. Mwachitsanzo, matenda ena a m'khutu, matenda ena a m'mphuno. Dokotala wanu adzasankha ngati mukufuna maantibayotiki kapena ayi.
Mitundu ya maantibayotiki ndi zotsatira zake zoyipa
Mitundu ya maantibayotiki
- Mankhwala omwa: mapiritsi, makapisozi, kapena madzi omwa.
- Mankhwala opaka pakhungu: mafuta odzola, mafuta odzola, madontho a m'maso kapena m'makutu.
- Jakisoni ndi Saline (Jakisoni/IV): Kuperekedwa kuchipatala chifukwa cha matenda oopsa.
Zotsatirapo zoyipa za maantibayotiki
Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala zazing'ono, ndikofunikira kuzidziwa.
| Mtundu wa zotsatira zoyipa | Makhalidwe |
|---|---|
| Zotsatira zoyipa zofala (zazing'ono) | Kutsegula m'mimba, nseru ndi kusanza, chizungulire, ziphuphu pakhungu, matenda a yisiti |
| Zotsatirapo zoyipa (zosowa) | C. matenda a diff (matenda oopsa a m'matumbo), vuto lalikulu la ziwengo (anaphylaxis) |
Kodi maantibayotiki angabweretse ziwengo?
Inde. Sizachilendo, koma zimatha kuchitika. Muzochitika zochepa, ziphuphu za pakhungu (ziphuphu) zimatha kuchitika. Komabe, muzochitika zoopsa (anaphylaxis), zizindikiro monga kutupa kwa nkhope, milomo, lilime kapena pakhosi, komanso kupuma movutikira zimatha kuchitika.
Izi ndi zadzidzidzi! Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zoopsa izi, pitani ku chipatala chapafupi cha Emergency Department (ETU) mwachangu. Chithandizo chachangu chingapulumutse moyo.
Zoopsa zogwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki
Pali zoopsa ziwiri zazikulu: kuyanjana kwa mankhwala ndi kusamvana kwa maantibayotiki.
1. Kuyanjana kwa Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo
Maantibayotiki ena amatha kuyanjana ndi mankhwala ena omwe mukumwa. Mwachitsanzo, amatha kuyanjana ndi mankhwala monga Warfarin, Beta-blockers, ena ochepetsa ululu (NSAIDs), ndi mankhwala oletsa asidi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gastritis.
Choncho, dokotala wanu asanakulembereni mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, onetsetsani kuti mwamuuza za mankhwala onse omwe mukumwa (kuphatikizapo mankhwala a matenda ena, mavitamini, komanso mankhwala a Ayurvedic).
2. Kukana Mankhwala Opha Utoto
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zoopsa kwambiri pa thanzi padziko lonse lapansi masiku ano. Chomwe chimachitika n'chakuti tikamagwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki mosafunikira, mabakiteriya amazolowera mankhwalawo ndikuphunzira kulimbana nawo. Kenako maantibayotiki omwe kale ankagwira ntchito kwa mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa matendawa sagwiranso ntchito. N'zovuta kwambiri kuchiritsa matenda oyambitsidwa ndi "superbugs" otere.
Mayankho a mafunso omwe mumafunsidwa kawirikawiri
Kodi kumwa mowa mukamagwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki n'koyenera?
Chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndikupewa kumwa mowa mukamagwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki. Maantibayotiki ena (monga Metronidazole) amatha kusokoneza mowa, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto aakulu monga kusanza, mutu, komanso kupuma movutikira. Funsani dokotala wanu za mankhwala omwe mukumwa.
Kodi ndingatenge maantibayotiki panthawi ya mimba?
Mankhwala ena opha tizilombo ndi otetezeka panthawi ya mimba. Komabe, ena (monga Tetracyclines) akhoza kukhala oopsa kwa mwana wosabadwayo. Ngati muli ndi pakati, mukuganiza kuti muli ndi pakati, kapena mukuyamwitsa, onetsetsani kuti mwadziwitsa dokotala wanu musanamwe mankhwala aliwonse.
Kodi ndingagule mankhwala opha tizilombo ku pharmacy popanda mankhwala?
Malinga ndi lamulo la dziko lathu, dokotala amafunika kulandira mankhwala opha maantibayotiki. Izi ndi za chitetezo chanu. Ma kirimu ena omwe amapakidwa pakhungu (mankhwala opha maantibayotiki) amatha kugulidwa popanda mankhwala opha maantibayotiki.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda opatsirana ndi mabakiteriya okha. Sagwira ntchito pa matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi monga chimfine ndi fuluwenza.
- Imwani mankhwala onse omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani kwa masiku onse omwe mwapatsidwa . Musasiye kumwa chifukwa ululu wachepa.
- Musagwiritse ntchito maantibayotiki a munthu wina kapena mankhwala otsala chifukwa cha matenda omwe mudadwalapo kale.
- Uzani dokotala wanu za mankhwala ena onse omwe mukumwa.
- Musapemphe dokotala wanu kuti akupatseni mankhwala opha majeremusi mukadwala chimfine. Lolani dokotala wanu asankhe ngati mukuwafuna.
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