Kodi mukudziwa kuti tikadwala, tikadwala chimfine, nkhondo yaikulu ikuchitika mkati mwa matupi athu? Chitetezo cha thupi lathu chimalimbana ndi majeremusi, kutanthauza kuti, oukira, kuchokera kunja mwanjira yosaoneka. Asilikali apadera komanso aluso kwambiri mu gulu lankhondo ili ndi 'ma antibodies' omwe tikukamba lero. Popanda izi, ngakhale chimfine chaching'ono chingatibweretsere mavuto ambiri.
Mwachidule, kodi ma antibodies amenewa ndi chiyani?
Kuti timvetse izi, tiyeni titenge chitsanzo chaching'ono. Tangoganizani kuti thupi lanu ndi dziko lotetezedwa bwino. Akuba ndi adani angachokere kunja kwa dziko lino. Izi zikutanthauza zinthu monga mabakiteriya, mavairasi, bowa, ndi poizoni. Timatcha chilichonse chomwe chili chovulaza thupi lathu ndipo chimachokera kunja kwa antigen . Mwachidule, antigen ndi wolowa m'thupi amene amalowa m'thupi lathu.
Tsopano, pamene wolowa m'thupi (Antigen) alowa m'thupi, chitetezo chathu, chitetezo chamthupi, chimazindikira. Nthawi yomweyo chimatumiza chizindikiro chakuti, "Apa pakubwera munthu wosadziwika!" Panthawiyo, chitetezo chathu chamthupi chimapanga mtundu wapadera wa puloteni wotchedwa antibody kuti amenyane ndi wolowa m'thupi ndikumuwononga. Chifukwa chake, antibody ili ngati apolisi kapena msilikali m'thupi lathu.
Mawu ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza za ma antibodies ndi Immunoglobulin . Mutha kuwona dzinali litafupikitsidwa ngati (Ig) pa malipoti ena a magazi anu.
Kodi ma antibodies amenewa amapangidwa bwanji? Amagwira ntchito kuti?
Maselo a B, mtundu wa maselo oyera m'thupi lathu, amagwira ntchito ngati mafakitale omwe amapanga ma antibodies amenewa. Pamene antigen, kapena germ, ikakhudzana ndi selo la B, selo la B limagawikana mofulumira ndikupanga makope ambirimbiri. Timatcha maselo atsopanowa maselo a plasma. Ndi maselo a plasma awa omwe amapanga ma antibodies mamiliyoni ambiri ndikuwatulutsa m'magazi ndi m'thupi.
Ma antibodies amenewa amayenda m'thupi lonse, kufunafuna olowawo, kuwagwira, ndi kuwawononga.
Ma antibodies amenewa amapezeka m'malo ambiri m'thupi lathu:
- Mu magazi
- Khungu
- M'mapapo
- Misozi
- Mu malovu
- Makamaka mu mkaka wa m'mawere
Inde, mkaka wokhuthala womwe umatulutsidwa ndi mayi masiku oyamba mwana atabadwa, wotchedwa colostrum, uli ndi ma antibodies ambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuyamwitsa kumawonjezera chitetezo cha mwana. Mwana amalandira zinthu zoteteza kuchokera m'thupi la mayi mwachindunji.
Pali mitundu 5 ya ma antibodies - si onse omwe amachita chinthu chomwecho!
Monga momwe zilili ndi magulu osiyanasiyana ankhondo m'magulu athu achitetezo, ma antibodies amagawidwa m'magulu akuluakulu asanu. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi ntchito yakeyake. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.
| Mtundu wa ma antibodies | Ntchito yayikulu ndi zapadera |
|---|---|
| Immunoglobulin G (IgG) | Uwu ndi mtundu womwe umapezeka kwambiri m'magazi mwathu. Ndi awa omwe amakumbukira matenda akale ndipo amakhala okonzeka kulimbana nawo ngati kachilombo komweko kabwereranso. Ma antibodies a IgG awa amadutsanso mu placenta ndikuteteza mwana m'mimba. |
| Immunoglobulin A (IgA) | Izi zimapezeka kwambiri m'mphuno, pakhosi, m'mapapo, ndi m'mimba. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndi njira zomwe majeremusi amalowera m'thupi. Amapezekanso mu mkaka wa m'mawere. |
| Immunoglobulin M (IgM) | Matenda atsopano akalowa m'thupi, asilikali a IgM amenewa ndi oyamba kupita kunkhondo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake milingo ya IgM imayesedwa kuti adziwe ngati kachilombo kachitika posachedwapa. |
| Immunoglobulin E (IgE) | Awa ndi omwe amachititsa kuti munthu asamadwale matenda a ziwengo. Kuchuluka kwa IgE kumawonjezeka thupi likachitapo kanthu ku zinthu monga fumbi, mungu, ndi zakudya zina. Amalimbananso ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. |
| Immunoglobulin D (IgD) | Izi zimapezeka pang'ono kwambiri m'magazi. Ngakhale kuti amakhulupirira kuti zimathandiza maselo a B kugwira ntchito, ntchito yawo yeniyeni ikufufuzidwabe. |
Kodi ma antibodies a monoclonal awa ndi chiyani?
Nthawi zina, ma antibodies omwe thupi lathu limapanga mwachilengedwe okha sangagonjetse matenda. M'zochitika zotere, asayansi amapanga mtundu wapadera wa ma antibodies mu labotale. Awa amatchedwa Ma antibodies a Monoclonal .
Izi zili ngati kutumiza chida ku cholinga chake. Ma antibodies amenewa amapangidwira kuti azitha kuukira selo linalake (monga selo la khansa) kapena mapuloteni omwe amayambitsa matenda enaake. Njira yochizira iyi imatchedwanso immunotherapy .
Njira yochizira iyi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito tsopano pa matenda angapo.
| Zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ma antibodies a monoclonal |
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Tiyeni tikambirane za zochitika zapadera.
Ponena za ma antibodies, pali milandu ingapo yomwe nthawi zambiri timamva za iwo.
COVID-19 ndi ma antibodies
Ndi mliri wa COVID-19, tonse tinayamba kumva za ma antibodies.
- Ngati mwachira ku COVID-19, thupi lanu lapanga ma antibodies omwe angathe kulimbana ndi kachilomboka.
- Ngati mwalandira katemera wa COVID-19, izi zithandizanso kuti thupi lanu lipange ma antibodies.
- Chofunika kwambiri: Munthu amene wachira ku COVID-19 akalandira katemera, chitetezo cha mthupi cha munthuyo chimakhala champhamvu kwambiri. Chitetezo chomwe chimapereka chimakhala chachikulu.
Mukhoza kupeza mayeso a ma antibodies kuti muwone ngati muli ndi ma antibodies a COVID m'thupi lanu. Komabe, kafukufuku akupitirirabe pa nthawi yomwe ma antibodies amenewa amakhala m'thupi.
Ma antibodies a Thyroglobulin (ma antibodies omwe amaukira chithokomiro)
Nthawi zina, chitetezo chathu chamthupi chimayamba molakwika kuukira ziwalo zathanzi za thupi lathu. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la chithokomiro amakhala ndi ma antibodies omwe amaukira chithokomiro chawo. Awa amatchedwa ma antibodies a Thyroglobulin .Izi zingayambitse kuti chithokomiro chizigwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso (hyperthyroidism) kapena chithokomiro chizigwira ntchito moperewera (hypothyroidism).
Ngati dokotala wanu akukayikira kuti muli ndi vuto la chithokomiro, angakufunseni kuti muyeze magazi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies amenewa.
Ma antibodies a autoimmune
Ili ndiye gawo lalikulu la lingaliro la "kudziukira" lomwe tidalankhula kale. Ma antibodies athu amasokoneza mapuloteni omwe ali m'maselo athu athanzi kukhala "olowa" ndipo amayamba kuwaukira. Ma antibodies amenewa amatchedwa ma autoantibodies .
Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha vutoli timawatcha matenda odziteteza okha .
- Lupus
- Matenda a Nyamakazi
- Matenda a Hashimoto
- Matenda a Shuga a Mtundu 1
Zitsanzo za matenda otere ndi awa: Mayeso a ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) ndiye mayeso akuluakulu omwe amachitidwa ngati pali kukayikiridwa kwa matenda otere.
Kungoti mayeso a ANA ndi abwino sizikutanthauza kuti muli ndi matenda odziteteza okha. Zimangotanthauza kuti dokotala wanu ayenera kufufuza zambiri. Choncho musachite mantha ndi lipoti lotere. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za vutoli.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Ma antibodies ndi mapuloteni opangidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi cha thupi lathu omwe amatiteteza ku majeremusi, matenda, ndi poizoni.
- Chinthu chovulaza thupi lathu kuchokera kunja chimatchedwa antigen, ndipo chinthu chomwe chimayesa kulimbana nacho chimatchedwa antibody.
- Mkaka wa m'mawere, makamaka colostrum, umateteza makanda chifukwa uli ndi ma antibodies ambiri.
- Nthawi zina ma antibodies athu amatha kuukira ziwalo zathanzi za thupi lathu. Matendawa amatchedwa matenda odziteteza okha.
- Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena nkhawa zokhudza ma antibodies, chitetezo chamthupi, kapena matenda aliwonse omwe atchulidwa m'nkhaniyi, chonde kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu.
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