Nanga bwanji ngati mwadzidzidzi mutu wanu ukugunda kwambiri moti simunakhalepo nawo m'moyo wanu? Kapena ngati mwadzidzidzi mwakhala ndi vuto longa khunyu popanda chifukwa? Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri timaganiza kuti zinthuzi ndi zachilendo, nthawi zina pangakhale chifukwa chomwe sitinamvepo zambiri, koma chomwe tiyenera kuda nkhawa nacho kwambiri. Imeneyi ndi vuto losowa kwambiri, koma lomwe lingakhale lalikulu lomwe tikukamba lero, lotchedwa AVM.
Mwachidule, kodi AVM (Arteriovenous Malformation) iyi ndi chiyani?
Taganizirani za kuyenda kwa magazi m'thupi lathu ngati njira ya misewu. Mitsempha yamagazi ili ngati misewu ikuluikulu. Imanyamula magazi oyera, okhala ndi mpweya wambiri kuchokera mumtima kupita ku ubongo ndi ziwalo zina zonse. Mitsempha ili ngati misewu ing'onoing'ono. Imabwezeretsa magazi ogwiritsidwa ntchito, opanda mpweya wabwino kumtima.
Pali malo olumikizirana pakati pa misewu ikuluikulu iyi (mitsempha yamagazi) ndi misewu yaying'ono (mitsempha yamagazi) kuti igwirizane ndikulamulira liwiro. Malo olumikizirana awa ndi netiweki ya mitsempha yaying'ono yamagazi yomwe timaitcha kuti capillaries. Apa ndi pomwe kuthamanga kwa magazi kuchokera pamsewu waukulu kumachepa, mpweya ndi michere zimaperekedwa ku minofu yozungulira, kenako zimatumizidwa ku mitsempha.
Tangoganizani, chingachitike n’chiyani ngati, pazifukwa zina, malo olumikizirana (ma capillaries) awa akusowa, ndipo msewu waukulu (mtsempha) ukalumikizana mwadzidzidzi ndi msewu wawung'ono (mtsempha)? Pamene kuyenda kwa magazi kothamanga kwambiri komanso kothamanga kwambiri kukalowa mumtsempha wofooka womwe sungathe kuthana ndi kuthamanga, mtsempha umenewo ukhoza kuphulika.
Kukangana kwachilendo komanso kosakanikirana kwa mitsempha yamagazi ndi komwe timatcha Arteriovenous Malformation , kapena AVM . Kukangana kumeneku, monga chisa cha mbalame, kungayambitse chiopsezo chachikulu.
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ma AVM:
Ngakhale kuti ma AVM amatha kufalikira kulikonse m'thupi lathu, amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri.
| Mtundu wa AVM | Malo ndi kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Ma AVM a Ubongo | Izi ndi zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri. Zitha kumera mkati mwa minofu ya ubongo, pamwamba pa ubongo, mu ubongo, kapena mu msana. Izi ndi zoopsa kwambiri. |
| Ma AVM omwe amapezeka kwina m'thupi (Peripheral AVMs) | Izi zitha kuchitika kulikonse kunja kwa ubongo. Mwachitsanzo, timibuluti timeneti tingachitikenso m'ziwalo monga nkhope, manja, miyendo, mtima, chiwindi, kapena mapapo. |
Kodi zizindikiro za AVM ndi ziti?
Chodabwitsa pa izi n'chakuti pafupifupi 15% ya anthu omwe ali ndi AVM sasonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse. Nthawi zambiri, mumapeza kuti muli ndi chimodzi pambuyo poti chaphulika ndikuyamba kutuluka magazi muubongo. Komabe, anthu ena angakumane ndi zizindikiro zina.
| Gulu la zizindikiro | Zizindikiro zomwe zingatheke |
|---|---|
| Zizindikiro Zokhudzana ndi Ubongo | |
| Mavuto a mitsempha | - Kugwidwa ndi khunyu ngakhale mutazindikira kapena ayi. - Mutu waukulu, mwadzidzidzi. - Kufooka kwa minofu kapena kufooka kwathunthu mbali imodzi ya thupi. - Kusanza thupi. - Mavuto oyenda, kulankhula, kukumbukira, kuganiza, kapena kuona. |
| Mavuto a m'maganizo ndi m'maganizo | - Kusanza ndi kusanza. - Chizungulire. - Kusokonezeka maganizo kapena kuona zinthu molakwika. |
| Zizindikiro mu Ziwalo Zina za Thupi | |
| Mapapu, msana, ndi mimba | - Ngati AVM ili m'mapapo, mutha kukhala ndi vuto la kupuma movutikira kapena kukokoloka magazi mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi. - Ngati AVM ili mu msana, kupweteka kwadzidzidzi kwa msana ndi dzanzi m'miyendo. - Kupweteka m'mimba. |
| Ziwalo ndi khungu | - Ziphuphu zimaonekera m'manja, miyendo, kapena m'thupi. - Ululu ndi kutupa m'dera lomwe lakhudzidwa. |
N’chifukwa chiyani ma AVM amenewa amapangidwa?
Asayansi sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli, koma amakhulupirira kuti ndi vuto lobadwa nalo . Izi zikutanthauza kuti mafundo a mitsempha yamagazi amapangika mwana akamakula m'mimba. Nthawi zambiri, amatha kupatsiridwa m'mibadwomibadwo.
Kodi AVM ingawononge bwanji thupi?
Kukhala ndi AVM kungayambitse mavuto atatu akuluakulu:
- Kutuluka magazi: Ichi ndi chiopsezo chachikulu komanso choopsa kwambiri . Magazi akatuluka m'mitsempha yamagazi yomwe ili ndi kuthamanga kwambiri ikalowa m'mitsempha yofooka yomwe singathe kupirira kuthamanga, mitsempha imatha kuphulika. Ngati kutuluka magazi kumeneku kukuchitika mkati mwa ubongo, kungayambitse sitiroko, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ubongo uwonongeke kwamuyaya kapena imfa.
- Kukanikiza minofu yozungulira: Pamene magazi akudzaza modabwitsa, mtsempha wamagazi uwu ukhoza kukula ndikukanikiza madera ozungulira ubongo kapena mitsempha. Izi zingayambitse zizindikiro monga khunyu ndi kufooka kwa minofu.
- Kuchepetsa mpweya m'maselo: Popeza malo olumikizirana a mitsempha yamagazi omwe tatchula kale akusowa, mpweya ndi zakudya zomwe zili m'magazi sizimasinthidwa ndi minofu yozungulira. Magazi amachoka mwachindunji kuchokera mumtsempha kupita ku mitsempha. Chifukwa cha izi, minofu ndi maselo amitsempha m'derali salandira zakudya zofunikira ndipo amatha kufa.
Kodi dokotala amapeza bwanji izi?
Dokotala wanu akamvetsera zizindikiro zanu, adzakuyesani. Nthawi zina, mukamvetsera pogwiritsa ntchito stethoscope, mungamve phokoso lapadera la "bruit", lomwe limayamba chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa magazi mwachangu kudzera mu AVM.
Koma kuti titsimikizire ngati pali AVM, mayeso angapo apadera ojambulira zithunzi ayenera kuchitidwa.
- Kujambula kwa MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Mafunde a maginito angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti apeze zithunzi zomveka bwino za ubongo ndi mitsempha yamagazi.
- Kujambula kwa CT (Computed Tomography): Zithunzi zingapo za ubongo zimapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito X-ray.
- Catheter Angiography: Iyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yofufuzira AVM. Mu mayesowa, chubu chaching'ono (catheter) chimayikidwa kudzera mu mtsempha m'mimba kapena m'dzanja ndikutsogoleredwa ku mitsempha yamagazi muubongo. Kenako utoto wapadera umalowetsedwa m'mitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti malo, kukula, ndi mawonekedwe a mitsempha yamagazi awonekere bwino pa X-ray.
Kodi mankhwala a AVM ndi otani?
Chisankho chofuna kuchiza AVM, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, chithandizo chomwe mungagwiritse ntchito, chidzadalira zinthu zingapo. Dokotala wanu adzaganizira zaka zanu, thanzi lanu, kukula ndi malo a AVM, komanso chiopsezo choti iphulike.
Cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo ndi kuchepetsa kapena kuthetseratu chiopsezo cha kutuluka magazi.
| Njira yochizira | Momwe mungachitire |
|---|---|
| Opaleshoni | Uwu ndi mankhwala opambana kwambiri. Dokotala wa opaleshoni ya mitsempha amapanga kachidutswa kakang'ono muubongo, amatseka mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapereka magazi ku AVM ndi mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imatuluka, ndikuchotsa kwathunthu mitsempha yamagazi. Ngati AVM yachotsedwa kwathunthu, matendawa amachiritsidwa. |
| Kutulutsa mpweya | Iyi si opaleshoni. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi angiography, catheter imayikidwa mu AVM ndipo chinthu chapadera chonga guluu kapena waya wozungulira umayikidwa kudzeramo kuti magazi asamayende bwino mkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi. Njira imeneyi nthawi zina imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa chiopsezo opaleshoni isanachitike. |
| Gamma Knife® Radiosurgery | Iyi si opaleshoni. Pano, ma radiation ambiri amalunjika ku AVM molondola kwambiri. Ma radiation amenewa amachititsa kuti mitsempha ya magazi ichepe pang'onopang'ono, itseke, ndipo isamagwire ntchito kwa miyezi kapena zaka zingapo. |
Kuphatikiza apo, dokotala wanu angapereke mankhwala oletsa zizindikiro monga khunyu kapena mutu.
Nthawi yoti mupemphe upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo!
Ndi zadzidzidzi ngati munthu amene ali ndi AVM akumana ndi zizindikiro zinazake.
Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa mwadzidzidzi akukumana ndi "mutu woopsa kwambiri m'moyo wanga", khunyu, kutayika kwa chiwalo, kapena kuvutika kuona/kulankhula, pitani ku chipatala chapafupi cha Emergency Department (ETU) mwamsanga.
Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za kutuluka magazi muubongo. Kulandira chithandizo mwachangu kungapulumutse miyoyo ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa ubongo.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- AVM ndi chotupa chosowa koma choopsa chomwe chimapezeka pa nthawi yobadwa.
- Choopsa chachikulu komanso choopsa kwambiri cha izi ndichakuti chingaphulike ndikuyambitsa kutuluka magazi muubongo (stroke) .
- Anthu ambiri alibe zizindikiro. Koma ngati mukumva zizindikiro monga mutu wopweteka mwadzidzidzi, khunyu, kapena kufooka mbali imodzi ya thupi lanu, ndi vuto ladzidzidzi. Pitani ku ETU nthawi yomweyo.
- Masiku ano, pali njira zochizira zabwino kwambiri monga opaleshoni, embolization, ndi radiosurgery.
- Ngati mwapezeka ndi AVM, musachite mantha. Kambiranani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za chithandizo chabwino kwambiri chomwe chingakuthandizeni.
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