Atherosclerosis: Zizindikiro, Zomwe Zimayambitsa, ndi Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa

Tonsefe nthawi zambiri timamva zinthu monga 'cholesterol yambiri' ndi 'mitsempha yamagazi yotsekeka'. Koma kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti izi zimachitika bwanji m'thupi lathu? Mitsempha yathu yamagazi ili ngati misewu m'thupi lathu yoyendera magazi. Misewu imeneyi imanyamula magazi oyera komanso odzaza ndi mpweya kuchokera mumtima mwathu kupita ku ziwalo zathu zonse. Tangoganizani, chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati misewu iyi pang'onopang'ono ikadzaza ndi mafuta ndi zinyalala? Ndicho chimene timachitcha kuti atherosclerosis mu zamankhwala.

Mwachidule, kodi atherosclerosis ndi chiyani?

Matenda a atherosclerosis ndi kuchulukana pang'onopang'ono kwa mafuta, cholesterol, calcium, ndi zinthu zina mkati mwa makoma a mitsempha yathu yamagazi (makamaka mitsempha yamagazi) kuti apange 'chikwangwani' . Izi zimatchedwa 'atheroma' m'mawu azachipatala. Pamene chikwangwanichi chikukulirakulira pang'onopang'ono, khoma la mitsempha yamagazi limakhuthala ndikulimba. Timatcha izi "kuuma kwa mitsempha yamagazi" kapena "kuuma kwa mitsempha yamagazi".

Choopsa kwambiri pa izi ndichakuti izi zimachitika mwakachetechete, popanda zizindikiro zilizonse kumayambiriro. Simungazindikire kusintha kulikonse kwa zaka zambiri. Koma pakapita nthawi, plaque iyi imakula ndikuchepetsa lumen (malo omwe magazi amadutsa) mkati mwa mtsempha wamagazi.

Tangoganizirani msewu wa njira zinayi womwe wachepetsedwa kukhala msewu umodzi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magalimoto. Kuyenda kwa magazi kumachepa kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ziwalo zathu sizilandira mpweya ndi zakudya zomwe zimafunikira. Choopsa kwambiri ndichakuti mtsempha wamagazi uwu ukhoza kusweka mwadzidzidzi chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa magazi mwachangu. Zimenezi zikachitika, matupi athu amapanga magazi oundana kuti achiritse bala.

Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani magazi akamatsekeka motere? Zimatengera komwe magazi amaundana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati zimachitika mu mtsempha wa mtima womwe umapatsa magazi kumtima, mtima sulandira mpweya wokwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtima uvutike .

Kodi vutoli ndi lofala bwanji?

Matenda a atherosclerosis ndi vuto lofala kwambiri. Mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'mitsempha, monga matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko, ndi omwe amachititsa imfa padziko lonse lapansi. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti anthu ambiri azaka zapakati ali ndi vutoli, koma pafupifupi theka la iwo sakudziwa nkomwe.

Kodi zizindikiro za izi ndi ziti?

Monga tanenera kale, palibe zizindikiro zoyambirira. Zizindikiro zimayamba kuonekera pamene mtsempha wamagazi watsekedwa ndi oposa 70%. Anthu ambiri amazindikira kuti ali ndi vutoli pambuyo pa ngozi, monga matenda a mtima kapena sitiroko.

Kutengera ndi komwe mtsempha wamagazi watsekeka, zizindikiro zimatha kuwonekera m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi.

N’chifukwa chiyani mitsempha yamagazi imatsekeka chonchi? Kodi zimayambitsa chiyani?

Ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti pali zifukwa zingapo zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa atherosclerosis.

• Kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta oipa (LDL) ndi triglycerides m'magazi.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu za fodya (kusuta).
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi kwambiri.
• Matenda a shuga.

Zinthu zimenezi zimatha kuwononga mkati mwa mitsempha yathu yamagazi (endothelium). Kuwonongeka kumeneku ndiko kumayambitsa matenda a atherosclerosis. Kuwonongeka kumeneku sikumachitika usiku umodzi, koma kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri.

Tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane njira zomwe zatsatidwa pankhaniyi.

Iyi ndi njira yomwe yakhala ikuchitika kwa zaka zambiri. Izi ndi njira zazikulu.

1. Kuwonongeka kwa endothelium: Zinthu monga cholesterol yambiri, poizoni mu ndudu, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi zimatha kuwononga mkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi. Kuwonongeka kumeneku kukachitika, maselo oyera amagazi amakopeka ndi derali. Maselo amenewa amasonkhana ndi kuyambitsa kutupa mkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi.

2. Kupangika kwa mizere yamafuta: Ichi ndi chizindikiro choyamba chooneka cha atherosclerosis. Maselo oyera amagazi omwe afika pamalo omwe awonongeka amayesa kuchotsa tinthu ta cholesterol mwa kuwameza. Maselo odzaza ndi cholesterol awa amatchedwa 'maselo a thovu'. Akafa, amasiya mzere wachikasu kapena banga pakhoma la mitsempha yamagazi.

3. Kukula kwa chikwangwani:Pamene maselo akufa a thovu ndi zinyalala zina zikupitirira kusonkhana, chotupa chaching'ono chamafuta chimakula pang'onopang'ono kukhala chotupa chachikulu. Kenako, chivundikiro cha maselo osalala a minofu chimapangidwa mozungulira chotupachi. Izi zimaletsa zidutswa za chotupachi kusweka ndi kusonkhana m'magazi. Pamene chotupachi chikukulirakulira, malo oti magazi ayende amachepa.

4. Kuphulika kwa plaque: Iyi ndi nkhani yoopsa kwambiri. Plaque yomwe imazungulira plaque imatha kuphulika mwadzidzidzi. Izi zikachitika, magazi amaundana pamalopo. Magazi amaundana kwathunthu, zomwe zimaletsa kuyenda kwa magazi. Izi ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima kapena sitiroko.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa izi?

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zingakhudze kukula kwa atherosclerosis. Zina mwa izi tingathe kuzisintha, koma zina, monga ukalamba, sitingathe.

Kodi ndi mavuto otani omwe angayambitse atherosclerosis?

Kulephera kuyenda bwino kwa magazi kungayambitse mavuto akuluakulu ambiri. Mavuto akuluakulu ndi awa:

• Matenda a mitsempha ya mtima
• Matenda amtima
• Miyimbo ya mtima yosazolowereka (Arrhythmia)
• Kulephera kwa mtima
• Stroke
• Kuukira kwa ischemic kwa kanthawi kochepa (TIA)
• Matenda a mitsempha ya m'mitsempha ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja
• Matenda a impso osatha (CKD)
• Kufooka kwa mitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti itukumuke (aneurysms) ndikuphulika.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matendawa?

Dokotala wanu adzatsatira njira zingapo kuti adziwe vutoli kapena kuwerengera chiopsezo chanu.

1. Kuwunika thupi lonse: Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito stethoscope kuti mumvetsere mtima wanu ndi phokoso la magazi omwe akuyenda m'mitsempha yanu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukumva phokoso la "whooshing" ("bruit") mukumvetsera mitsempha ya carotid m'khosi mwanu, kungakhale chizindikiro cha magazi kuundana m'mitsempha.

2. Kufunsa za mbiri yanu yachipatala ndi mbiri ya banja lanu: Izi zingakuthandizeni kuwona zoopsa zanu.

3. Kufunsa za moyo wanu: Kufunsa za zinthu monga ngati mumasuta fodya komanso momwe zakudya zanu zilili.

4. Kuyitanitsa mayeso a magazi: Izi zingakuuzeni zambiri zokhudza kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi anu, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndi momwe mtima wanu umagwirira ntchito.

Mayeso otsimikizira vutoli

Nthawi zina, mayeso ena amafunika kuti atsimikizire matendawo ndikukonzekera chithandizo.

• Angiography: Kuyesa komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito X-ray yapadera ndi utoto kuti muwone komwe mitsempha yamagazi yatsekeka komanso kuchuluka kwa magazi komwe kwatsekedwa.
• ECG (Electrocardiogram): Imayesa ntchito yamagetsi, liwiro, ndi kayimbidwe ka mtima.
• Echocardiogram: Imajambula zithunzi za ma valve ndi zipinda za mtima kuti ione momwe mtima ukupopera magazi.
• Kuyesa kupsinjika maganizo: Kugunda kwa mtima wanu kumayesedwa mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi (kuyenda pa treadmill).
• Kujambula kwa Ultrasound: Kuyeza kumeneku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa makulidwe a mitsempha yamagazi m'khosi (Carotid ultrasound) kapena m'mimba (abdominal ultrasound) komanso ngati ili ndi mafuta ambiri.
• Kujambula kwa CT: Kujambula kumeneku kumatenga zithunzi za mkati mwa thupi ndipo kumatha kuzindikira kukhuthala ndi kuchepa kwa mitsempha ikuluikulu yamagazi.

Kodi chimachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo cha atherosclerosis chimaphatikizapo kusintha moyo, mankhwala, ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, opaleshoni kapena njira zina zothandizira. Dokotala wanu adzapanga dongosolo la chithandizo lomwe lingakhale labwino kwa inu.

1. Kusintha kwa moyo

Izi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Kusintha kumeneku kungachepetse kwambiri chiopsezo cha mavuto.

• Pewani fodya wonse. Ngati mukusuta, siyani nthawi yomweyo.
• Khalani ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi pamtima. Ndi bwino kudya zakudya za ku Mediterranean zomwe zimaphatikizapo ndiwo zamasamba zambiri, zipatso, nyemba, nsomba, ndi mafuta abwino monga mafuta a azitona, komanso nyama yofiira ndi zakudya zokonzedwa pang'ono.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse. Yambani ndi kuyenda pang'ono ndipo yesetsani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa mphindi zosachepera 30 patsiku, masiku ambiri a sabata.

2. Mankhwala (mitundu ya mankhwala)

Mankhwala angathandize kuchepetsa zinthu zomwe zingachititse kuti mafuta azichulukana. Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni izi:

• Mankhwala ochepetsa cholesterol (monga ma statins).
• Mankhwala ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
• Mankhwala oletsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
• Mankhwala omwe amaletsa magazi kuundana (monga aspirin) angaperekedwe.

3. Njira zochizira ndi maopaleshoni

Ngati mitsempha yamagazi yatsekeka kwambiri kapena chiopsezo cha mavuto chili chachikulu, mungafunike kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamtunduwu.

• Angioplasty ndi Stent placement: Njira yomwe baluni yaying'ono imayikidwa mu mtsempha wamagazi wotsekedwa, ndikudzazidwa kuti ikule mtsempha, ndikuyika chubu chaching'ono chonga mesh (stent) kuti chisatsekenso.
• Kulumikiza Mitsempha ya Mtima (CABG): Njira yodutsa mtsempha wamagazi wotsekedwa ndikupanga mtsempha watsopano wamagazi pogwiritsa ntchito chidutswa cha magazi chotengedwa kuchokera mbali ina ya thupi.

Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani?

Musachite mantha ngati mutapeza kuti muli ndi vutoli. Chofunika kwambiri ndikugwira ntchito limodzi ndi dokotala wanu.

• Pitani kuzipatala panthawi yomwe yakonzedwa monga momwe akuuzireni.
• Yesani kuthamanga kwa magazi anu, cholesterol, ndi shuga nthawi zonse ndipo muziyang'anira bwino.
• Ngati zizindikiro zatsopano zikuwonekera kapena zizindikiro zomwe zilipo zasintha, uzani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.
• Samalani thanzi lanu la maganizo. Ndizachibadwa kukhala ndi nkhawa komanso mantha mukakhala ndi vuto ngati ili. Lankhulani ndi banja lanu, anzanu, kapena mlangizi ngati pakufunika kutero.

Kodi muyenera kupita ku Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) liti?

Ngati inu kapena munthu amene ali pafupi nanu akukumana ndi zizindikiro za matenda a mtima (kupweteka kwambiri pachifuwa, kupuma movutikira, kupweteka kochokera ku dzanja lamanzere) kapena sitiroko (kugwa mbali imodzi ya nkhope, kuvutika kulankhula, kutaya chidziwitso mbali imodzi ya thupi) , imbani nthawi yomweyo 1990 kuti muyitanitse ambulansi kapena pitani ku chipatala chapafupi cha Emergency Department (ETU). Izi ndi zadzidzidzi zomwe zimafuna chithandizo chachangu.