Kodi mwana wanu ali ndi autism? Tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule.

Kodi mwana wanu wamng'ono sakugwirizana ndi ana ena? Kodi mumamva ngati ali yekha m'dziko lake? Kodi nthawi zina zimakuvutani kumvetsetsa khalidwe lake? Ndizachibadwa kuti inu monga kholo mumve nkhawa pang'ono komanso kukhala ndi mafunso ambiri chifukwa cha zinthu ngati izi. Makolo ambiri amadandaula ndi zinthu ngati izi. Chifukwa chake, lero tikulankhula za matenda otchedwa autism, omwe angasonyeze zizindikiro izi. Musadandaule, tidzakambirana chilichonse mosavuta komanso momveka bwino.

Choyamba, tiyeni timvetse, kodi autism ndi chiyani?

Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Tisanalankhule za autism, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe tonse tiyenera kumvetsetsa.

• Matenda a Autism si matenda: Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri timayesetsa kuchiza "matenda", kuti "akhale bwino". Koma matenda a autism si matenda omwe amafunika kuchiritsidwa. Ndi kusintha kwa momwe ubongo wa mwana umagwirira ntchito. Chifukwa chake cholinga cha madokotala pano si "kuchiritsa" mwanayo, koma kuthandiza mwanayo kuthana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo, pamene akuwathandiza kuti awonjezere mphamvu ndi luso lawo .

• Ana omwe ali ndi autism ndi 'Neurodivergent': Musaope mawu a Chingerezi awa. Mwachidule, amatanthauza kuti ubongo wawo umagwira ntchito mosiyana ndi momwe amayembekezera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwana wanu akhoza kukhala bwino kwambiri pazinthu zina kuposa ana ena, ndipo angafunike thandizo lochulukirapo pazinthu zina.

• Matenda a Autism ndi Mbali Yosiyana: Taganizirani ngati utawaleza. Monga momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhalira pa utawaleza, ana ndi akuluakulu omwe ali ndi matenda a autism ndi osiyana kwambiri. Makhalidwe awo, maluso awo, ndi mavuto awo ndi osiyana. Choncho palibe yankho la "kukula kumodzi komwe kumakwanira onse". Mwana aliyense amafunikira thandizo lomwe ndi lapadera kwa iye, logwirizana ndi zosowa zake.

• Malingaliro Olakwika Okhudza Matenda a Autism: Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, malingaliro ambiri olakwika okhudza matenda a autism akhala akuchulukirachulukira m'dera la anthu. Maganizo olakwika amenewa abweretsa mavuto aakulu kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a autism. Sitingathe kuchotsa zakale zimenezo, koma taphunzirapo kanthu. Cholinga cha mankhwala a masiku ano si kukakamiza ana omwe ali ndi matenda a autism kukhala "chimango" cha anthu, koma kuwathandiza kukulitsa luso lomwe amafunikira.

Kodi zizindikiro za autism mwa mwana ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za autism zingagawidwe m'magulu awiri akuluakulu:

1. Mavuto pakulankhulana ndi kuyanjana ndi anthu: Izi zikutanthauza kuvutika kumanga ubale ndi kulankhulana ndi ena.

2.Makhalidwe, zokonda, kapena zochita zoletsa komanso zobwerezabwereza: Izi zikutanthauza kuchita zinthu zomwezo mobwerezabwereza, kapena kukhala ndi zokonda kwambiri zinthu zomwezo.

Mmene zizindikirozi zimaonekera zingasinthe malinga ndi msinkhu wa mwana. Tiyeni tiwone izi m'njira yosavuta kumva.

Mphamvu zapadera ndi maluso a ana omwe ali ndi autism

Kupatulapo kulankhula za mavuto, ana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la autism ali ndi mphamvu zapadera kwambiri. Muthanso kuganiza kuti izi ndi "mphamvu zawo zazikulu."

• Kunena zoona ndi molunjika: Amakonda kufotokoza maganizo awo mwachindunji komanso moona mtima.
• Kulimbana ndi choipa: Ali ndi mphamvu zolankhulira chabwino, ngakhale chitakhala chotsutsana ndi maganizo a anthu ambiri.
• Mphamvu ya makhalidwe abwino: Amalimbikitsidwa kuchita zinthu mogwirizana ndi luso lawo lamphamvu la chabwino ndi choipa, ngakhale palibe amene akuwaona.
• Kulumikizana ndi magulu osiyanasiyana azaka: Mutha kulumikizana mosavuta ndi aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu.
• Kuyang'ana Kwambiri: Pali luso lodabwitsa loyang'ana pa mutu kwa nthawi yayitali ndikupeza chidziwitso chaukadaulo pa mutuwo.
• Kuganiza mwanzeru: Mungakhale bwino kuthetsa mavuto mwa kuganiza m'maganizo ndi m'maganizo, m'malo molankhula.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa autism?

Palibe chifukwa chimodzi chomwe chapezeka. Pakadali pano akukhulupirira kuti autism imayamba chifukwa cha kuphatikiza majini ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, monga kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe panthawi ya mimba ndi kubereka. Zinthuzi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti zikhudze kukula kwa ubongo wa mwana.

Zinthu zina zomwe zimaganiziridwa kuti zimawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi autism ndi izi:

• Zaka za amayi opitirira zaka 35.
• Kutenganso mimba mkati mwa miyezi 12 kuchokera pamene mwana mmodzi wabadwa.
• Matenda a shuga a mimba amapezeka panthawi ya mimba.
• Kutuluka magazi panthawi ya mimba.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena, monga valproate, panthawi ya mimba.
• Kuletsa Kukula kwa Mwana Wam'mimba (IGR).
• Kuchepa kwa mpweya wokwanira kwa mwana wosabadwayo panthawi ya mimba kapena nthawi yobereka.
• Kubadwa msanga (kubadwa msanga).

Kodi autism ndi cholowa?

Inde, zingatheke. Koma pali kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa "majini" ndi "cholowa."

Matenda a Autism ndi "majini" m'lingaliro lakuti kusintha kwa majini ena kumakhudza momwe ubongo wa mwana umagwirira ntchito. Nthawi zina kusintha kwa majini kumeneku kumatha kuchitika mwa mwana mwiniwake. Pankhaniyi, si chinthu chobadwa nacho.

Komabe, kusintha kwa majini kungaperekedwenso kuchokera kwa makolo kupita kwa ana. Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti autism ikhoza kukhala yobadwa nayo, monga momwe imaonekera mwa abale ndi alongo.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji autism?

Njira yodziwira matenda a autism imakhudza masitepe angapo. Nthawi zambiri imayamba ndi kuyezetsa mwana kuchipatala. Madokotala a ana amalimbikitsa kuyezetsa matenda a autism mwanayo ali ndi miyezi 18 ndi 24. Dokotala adzakufunsani mafunso angapo okhudza khalidwe la mwana wanu komanso kulankhulana kwake.

Ngati dokotala akukayikira kuti mwana wanu ali ndi vuto la autism, adzakutumizani kwa dokotala wina amene ali katswiri pa nkhaniyi. Katswiri ameneyo adzalankhula nanu, adzakhala ndi nthawi ndi mwana wanu, komanso adzayang'anira mwana wanu.

Ndi za matenda opatsiranaNjira zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito mu buku la zachipatala la DSM-5-TR ndi izi: Kuti mwana apezeke ndi autism, ayenera kukhala ndi mavuto m'mbali zotsatirazi:

A. Payenera kukhala mavuto m'magawo onse atatu a chikhalidwe:

1. Kuyanjananso pakati pa anthu ndi malingaliro: Izi zikutanthauza vuto logawana malingaliro mbali zonse ziwiri, monga pokambirana.

2. Kulankhulana popanda mawu: Kuvuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kumvetsetsa zinthu monga kuyang'ana maso ndi thupi.

3. Kumanga ndi kusunga ubale: Kuvutika kukhala bwino ndi ena komanso kuchita zinthu moyenera pazochitika zosiyanasiyana.

ndi

B. Payenera kukhala magawo awiri mwa anayi obwerezabwereza:

1. Kuyenda mobwerezabwereza, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu, kapena kulankhula: kubwerezabwereza kapena kunena chinthu chomwecho mobwerezabwereza.

2. Kutsatira kwambiri ndondomeko kapena machitidwe omwewo: kukana kusintha mwamphamvu.

3. Zokonda kwambiri kapena zachilendo: Chidwi chochuluka pa chinthu kapena nkhani inayake.

4. Kuyankha mopitirira muyeso kapena mopanda mphamvu ku zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kumva: Kuyankha mopitirira muyeso kapena mochepa kuposa zinthu wamba monga phokoso, kuwala, kukhudza, ndi zina zotero.

Kodi pali mayeso apadera a autism?

Palibe chinthu chonga kuyezetsa magazi kapena mkodzo. Matenda a Autism amapezedwa ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito yoyang'anira mwanayo ndikupeza chidziwitso kuchokera kwa makolo. Njira zoyezera zokhazikika monga ``Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)`` zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa izi. Ngakhale kuyezetsa majini kungachitike, sikupezetsa matenda a autism. Kungopezetsa majini omwe angayambitse kusintha kwa ubongo wa mwanayo.

Kupereka chithandizo ndi chithandizo

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira ana omwe ali ndi autism. Njirazi zimagwira ntchito yomanga mphamvu za mwana pamene zikuwathandiza kuthana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo. Njira zina zimaphunzitsanso makolo ndi achibale momwe angathandizire mwana wawo.

Matenda omwe angachitike limodzi ndi autism angafunikenso chithandizo. Mwachitsanzo:

• Mavuto a chidwi (Kusowa Chisamaliro/Kusokonezeka Maganizo - ADHD)
• Matenda a nkhawa
• Matenda ogona
• Khunyu
• Matenda Odzikuza ndi Okakamiza (OCD)

Pazochitika izi, madokotala angakulangizeni mankhwala monga Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), mankhwala ngati pakufunika, ndi Individualized Education Plan (IEP) pazosowa zamaphunziro za mwana wanu. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zonsezi momasuka.

Kukhala kholo kuli ngati kukhala wophunzira. Mukuphunzira nthawi zonse, kukula ndi mwana wanu. Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vuto la autism, kuphunzira kwanu kungakhale kosiyana pang'ono ndi momwe mumayembekezera. Koma lingaliro loyambirira ndi lomwelo - mwana wanu amakutsogolerani, ndipo inu mumatsatira. Kumbukirani, simuli nokha paulendowu. Madokotala a mwana wanu ndi gulu la chithandizo ali ndi banja lanu pamavuto onse ndi chisangalalo chilichonse.