Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri zokhudza dongosolo lanu la biliary. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri!

Lero tikambirana za dongosolo lodabwitsa m'thupi lathu lomwe limatithandiza kugaya chakudya chomwe timadya. Limatchedwa Biliary System . Mwina munamvapo dzinali kale. Mwachidule, ndi netiweki ya ziwalo ndi njira zolumikizirana mkati mwa thupi lathu. Lili ngati fakitale yaying'ono yomwe imathandiza thupi lathu.

Kodi dongosolo la biliary ndi chiyani? N’chifukwa chiyani lili lofunika kwa ife?

Chabwino, tiyeni choyamba tiwone chomwe dongosolo la ndulu ili lili. Ili ndi dongosolo lomwe limapanga, kusunga, ndi kutulutsa ndulu m'thupi lathu likafunika. Mwina mukudabwa kuti ndulu ndi chiyani. Ndulu ndi madzi achikasu obiriwira omwe amapangidwa ndi chiwindi chathu. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuthandizira kugaya chakudya chomwe timadya, makamaka zakudya zamafuta.

Kotero, dongosolo la ndulu ili lili ndi ntchito ina yofunika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, limathandiza kuchotsa zinyalala zina m'thupi lathu kudzera mu ndulu iyi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dongosololi silimangothandiza kugaya chakudya, komanso limathandiza kuti thupi lathu likhale loyera. Kodi mukumvetsa? Ndicho chifukwa chake izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa ife.

Kodi njira ya biliary ili kuti? Kodi ziwalo zake zazikulu ndi ziti?

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone komwe dongosolo la biliary ili m'thupi lathu. Lili pamwamba pa mimba yathu. Kunena zoona, mbali yakumanja ndi komwe ziwalo zambiri zili.

Pali zigawo zingapo zazikulu za dongosololi:

Chiwindi: Wophika wamkulu wa thupi lathu!

Chiwindi ndiye chimachititsa kwambiri dongosololi. Chimapanga bile . Sikuti zimangotero zokha, komanso poyeretsa magazi athu, chimalekanitsanso zinyalala monga cholesterol yowonjezera ndi bilirubin (zomwe zimapangitsa bile kukhala yachikasu) ndikuziwonjezera ku bile. Ma asidi a bile omwe ali mu bile amapangidwanso ndi chiwindi, chomwe chimagwiritsanso ntchito cholesterol. Ma asidi a bile awa amathandiza matumbo athu ang'onoang'ono kugaya chakudya. Bile, yomwe imasonkhana kudzera m'mitsempha ya bile yopyapyala kwambiri mkati mwa chiwindi ('intrahepatic ducts'), kenako imawonjezeredwa ku mitsempha yayikulu ya bile yomwe imatuluka m'chiwindi ('extrahepatic ducts').

Ma ducts a ndulu: njira zabwino zomwe zimanyamula ndulu

Izi ndi ma duct omwe amasonkhanitsa ndulu yomwe imapangidwa m'chiwindi ndikuyipititsa ku dongosolo lonse. Ma duct ang'onoang'ono amalumikizana ndipo pamapeto pake amalumikizana ndi duct yayikulu yotchedwa common bile duct . Community bile duct iyi imalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi gawo loyamba la matumbo athu ang'onoang'ono, duodenum . Community bile duct iyi imalumikizidwanso ndi common hepatic duct yochokera ku chiwindi, cystic duct yochokera ku ndulu, ndi pancreatic duct yochokera ku kapamba. Taganizirani ngati malo olumikizirana misewu.

Chikhodzodzo cha ndulu: Chipinda chaching'ono chosungiramo zinthu

Pafupifupi theka la ndulu yomwe imachokera ku chiwindi imapita mwachindunji ku kapamba kudzera mu duct yayikulu ya ndulu, koma theka lina limapita ku ndulu . Ichi ndi chiwalo chaching'ono chonga thumba chomwe chili pansi pa chiwindi. Apa ndi pomwe ndulu imasungidwa ndikufupikitsidwa. Matumbo athu ang'onoang'ono akalandira chakudya chokhala ndi mafuta ndi mapuloteni, amafunika ndulu yambiri kuti idye. Kenako matumbo ang'onoang'ono amatumiza chizindikiro ku ndulu, nati, "Chabwino, tumizani ndulu tsopano." Panthawiyo, ndulu imakokana ndikutulutsa ndulu yowonjezera kudzera mu duct.

Pancreas: Chithandizo china chofunikira

Pancreas yathu ili kumbuyo kwa mimba. Pancreas imayankhanso zizindikiro kuchokera ku kapamba. Koma simatulutsa bile. Imatulutsa ma enzyme osakaniza omwe amathandiza kugaya chakudya, mapuloteni, ndi mafuta. Ma enzyme amenewa amayenda kudzera mu duct ya kapamba ndikusonkhanitsa komwe duct yayikulu ya bile imalumikizana ndi kapamba. Nthawi zina zosonkhanitsirazi, malo osungiramo zinthu komwe bile ndi ma enzyme a kapamba zimasonkhana kwakanthawi, zimatchedwa ampulla ya Vater .

Matumbo ang'onoang'ono - makamaka duodenum: malo olumikizirana zinthu zonse

Gawo loyamba la matumbo athu ang'onoang'ono limatchedwa duodenum . Apa ndi pomwe dongosolo la ndulu ndi dongosolo lonse la kugaya chakudya zimalumikizana. Ndulu ikafika m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono, ma asidi a ndulu omwe ali mmenemo amalekanitsidwa. Zotsalira zotsalazo zimatulutsidwa mu ndowe. Ma asidi a ndulu olekanitsidwa amathandiza kuswa mafuta m'matumbo. Kenako, ma asidi a ndulu amatengedwanso kudzera m'makoma a matumbo kupita m'magazi ndikubwerera ku chiwindi. Izi zili ngati 'kubwezeretsanso'.

Kodi ndi matenda ati omwe amakhudza dongosolo la biliary?

Popeza ziwalo zonse ndi njira zotulutsira madzi m'thupi la ndulu iyi zimagwirizana kwambiri, ngati matenda achitika m'dera limodzi, amatha kukhudza madera ena mosavuta. Makamaka, matenda ndi kutupa zimatha kufalikira ku ziwalo zapafupi zomwe zili m'mitsempha ya ndulu. Komanso, ngati china chake chalepheretsa kuyenda kwa ndulu, chimakhudza dongosolo lonse.

Nazi matenda ena ofala omwe angachitike m'dongosolo lino:

• Miyala ya m'ndulu: Iyi ndi vuto lofala lomwe anthu ambiri adamvapo. Ngati miyala ipangika mu ndulu n’kukhazikika mu ndulu, makamaka ndulu yodziwika bwino, ingayambitse kupweteka kwambiri m’mimba, kutupa kwa ndulu (cholecystitis), ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kapamba amatha kutupa, komwe timatcha kuti gallstone pancreatitis .
• Cholestasis:Mwachidule, apa ndi pamene kutuluka kwa ndulu kumachedwetsedwa kapena kutsekeka kwathunthu. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chakuti chiwindi sichikupanga ndulu bwino, kapena njira zotulutsira ndulu zitha kutsekeka mwanjira ina.
• Kuchepa kwa ndulu: Kutupa kwa nthawi yayitali kwa ndulu kungayambitse minofu yofiira, kutsekereza ndi kutseka ndulu. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda obadwa nawo kapena matenda odziteteza ku matenda enaake .
• Matenda a chiwindi: Matenda a chiwindi kwa nthawi yayitali angayambitse zipsera m'chiwindi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwindi chilephere kugwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono. Matendawa amatchedwa cirrhosis . Chiwindi sichingathe kupanga ndulu yokwanira.

Kuwonjezera pa izi, palinso matenda ena:

• Matenda a kapamba osatha
• Ma cysts a Pancreatic
• Kulephera kugwira ntchito bwino kwa ndulu (biliary dyskinesia)
• Cholangitis yoyamba ya sclerosing
• Cholangitis yoyamba ya biliary
• Biliary atresia (vuto lobadwa nalo)
• Kusabvongodza kwa asidi ya bile
• Khansa ya duct ya bile (`khansa ya duct ya bile` / `Cholangiocarcinoma`)
• Khansa ya chiwindi
• Khansa ya kapamba
• Khansa ya ndulu
• Khansa ya m'mapapo

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a biliary system ndi ziti? Dziwani izi!

Ngati pali vuto ndi njira ya biliary, thupi lathu lidzatipatsa zizindikiro zingapo. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mudziwe zizindikiro izi.

• Jaundice: Iyi ndi matenda omwe oyera a maso ndi khungu amasanduka achikasu. Izi zimachitika pamene ndulu siikuyenda bwino, imatsekeka m'thupi, ndikusonkhana m'magazi. Ndulu imapatsidwa mtundu wake wachikasu ndi utoto wotchedwa bilirubin .
• Kupweteka kwa ndulu: Uwu ndi mtundu wapadera wa ululu. Nthawi zambiri umachitika munthu atangodya kumene. Ululuwu umachitika pamene ndulu ya ndulu yagwira ntchito ndikutulutsa ndulu mu duct yayikulu ya ndulu, ndipo pamakhala chotchinga (ngati mwala). Ululuwo umawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, umafika pachimake, kenako umachepa pang'onopang'ono.
• Kusanza ndi kusanza: Zizindikiro ziwirizi nthawi zambiri zimayenderana ndi kupweteka kwa ndulu. Nthawi zina, pamodzi ndi jaundice, nseru ndi kusanza kosalekeza zimatha kuchitika. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha poizoni wa ndulu womwe umasonkhana m'magazi.
• Steatorrhea: Ngati ndulu kapena ndulu sizifika bwino m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono pazifukwa zina, mafuta omwe ali mu chakudya chomwe timadya sagayidwa kapena kuyamwa ndi thupi. Kenako, mafutawo amatuluka pamodzi ndi ndowe. Ndoweyo ikhoza kukhala yamafuta ndipo imayandama pamwamba.

Kuwonjezera pa izi, pakhoza kukhala zizindikiro zina:

• Kupweteka kwa m'mimba chapamwamba.
• Mkodzo wakuda.
• Kusokonezeka maganizo kapena kusokonezeka pang'ono kwa chidziwitso.

Chofunika: Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi, onetsetsani kuti mwapeza upangiri kwa dokotala. Matendawa akapezeka msanga, zimakhala zosavuta kuchiza.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe angathandize kudziwa thanzi la biliary system yanga?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, dokotala wanu angakupatseni mayeso osiyanasiyana kuti muwone ngati dongosololi lili bwino.

• Kuyezetsa magazi: Kuyezetsa magazi kwa chiwindi (LFTs) ndi kuyezetsa magazi kwa kapamba kumayang'ana kuchuluka kwa ma enzymes a chiwindi ndi kapamba. Kuyezetsa magazi kwathunthu (CBC) kungathe kuwona kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera amagazi. Kuyezetsa magazi kochuluka kumatha kusonyeza matenda kapena kutupa.
• Mayeso ojambulira: Mayeso oyambira monga ultrasound ya m'mimba kapena CT scan angathandize kudziwa ngati pali kutsekeka kapena kutupa kulikonse mu ndulu.
• Mayeso apadera ojambulira zithunzi: Pali mayeso apadera omwe angayang'ane mozama kwambiri mu dongosolo la biliary. Zitsanzo zina ndi izi:
• Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)
• Kujambula kwa chiwindi (HIDA scan)
• Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
• Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mayeso komanso pazithandizo zina.

Kodi mankhwala a matenda a biliary system ndi ati?

Chabwino kwambiri n'chakuti tsopano pali mankhwala othandiza pa matenda ambiri a biliary system. Njira yochiritsira imasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa matenda ndi kuopsa kwake.

• Kutulutsa madzi m'mimba: Iyi ndi njira yosavuta. Imachitika kuti ichotse ndulu yochulukirapo yomwe yasonkhana m'mitsempha ya ndulu. Dokotala amaika chubu chopyapyala (catheter) kudzera m'khoma la m'mimba mwanu kupita m'dongosolo lanu la ndulu ndikutulutsa nduluyo kudzera mmenemo.
• Chithandizo cha Endoscopic: Pa nthawi ya ERCP , mankhwala ena amatha kuchitika kudzera mu endoscope (chubu chopyapyala chokhala ndi kamera yolumikizidwa). Mwachitsanzo, ngati pali chotseka, chingachotsedwe, chitsanzo cha minofu (biopsy) chingatengedwe, kapena chubu chaching'ono ( stent ) chingaikidwe kuti duct isatseguke.

Nthawi zina, makamaka pa matenda monga miyala ya ndulu, opaleshoni yochotsa ndulu (cholecystectomy) ingakhale yofunikira. Pa khansa, mankhwala ovuta kwambiri monga opaleshoni, radiotherapy, kapena chemotherapy angafunike.

Kodi tingatani kuti dongosolo lathu la biliary likhale lathanzi?

"Kupewa ndi bwino kuposa kuchiza." Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ndi bwino kupewa matenda asanayambe kusiyana ndi kuchiza matenda atayamba. Chifukwa chake, pali zinthu zingapo zosavuta zomwe tingachite kuti biliary system yathu ikhale yathanzi.

• Khalani ndi zakudya zabwino: Idyani zakudya zachilengedwe zambiri zomwe sizinakonzedwe (zakudya zonse) momwe mungathere. Chepetsani zakudya zokhala ndi shuga wambiri ndi mafuta okhuta. Izi zithandiza chiwindi chanu kukhala chathanzi komanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi anu. Kumbukirani kuti cholesterol yochulukirapo ingayambitse matenda a ndulu ndi chiwindi chokhala ndi mafuta ambiri.
• Chepetsani kumwa mowa ndi mankhwala osafunikira: Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa mopitirira muyeso komanso mosafunikira komanso mankhwala ena, monga mankhwala ochepetsa ululu, ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda a ndulu ndi chiwindi. Ngati muli ndi matenda aliwonse a ndulu, zinthuzi zitha kuipitsa.
• Pitani kuchipatala nthawi zonse: Matenda ena a m'mimba amatha kukhala m'thupi kwa nthawi yayitali osawonetsa zizindikiro zazikulu. Chifukwa chake, musaphonye kupita kuchipatala nthawi zonse ('kuyezetsa thanzi'). Kenako, ngati pali matenda, amatha kupezeka msanga. Komanso, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za mankhwala omwe mukumwa ndikupeza ngati ndi oopsa ku chiwindi.

Kotero, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kukumbukira! (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Dongosolo lathu la ndulu ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la kugaya chakudya komanso dongosolo lathu loyendera magazi. Ngati siligwira ntchito bwino, lingakhudze chilichonse kuyambira kugaya chakudya mpaka zakudya zathu. Lingathenso kulola poizoni kuti adziunjikane m'matupi athu ndikubwerera m'magazi athu.

Ziwalo zomwe zili mu dongosololi, monga chiwindi ndi kapamba, zimakhala ndi ntchito zina zambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngati ziwalozi zikudwala, sizingokhudza dongosolo la ndulu lokha, komanso machitidwe ena okhudzana ndi ziwalozi. Chifukwa chake, musaiwale kuti dongosolo la ndulu labwino ndilofunikira kuti thupi likhale lathanzi. Samalani thupi lanu, ndipo ngati muwona china chake chachilendo, musakhale aulesi kufunafuna upangiri kwa dokotala.

` Machitidwe a ndulu, ndulu, chiwindi, ndulu, kugaya chakudya, ndulu ya jaundice, miyala ya ndulu